初中英语人教新目标九年级Unit 1知识汇总（知识与考点清单+词汇拓展+核心短语+语法要点）.doc

九年级英语Unit 1知识汇总一、知识与考点清单1.What about ? = How about ? (+名词, 代词或动名词, 用来询问情况或提出建议。)What/ how about +doing sth.? 做怎么样？（about后面要用动词的ing形式，这一点考试考的比较多）如：What/ How about going shopping?Why don't you + do sth.? 你为什么不做？如：Why don't you go shopping?Why not + do sth.? 为什么不做？如：Why not go shopping?Let's + do sth.让我们做.吧。如：Let's go shoppingShall we/I + do sth.? 我们/我.好吗？如：Shall we/I go shopping?2.The +比较级, the +比较级。( 越 , 越。表示递进的比较关系, 一方随着另一方的变化而变化。)(拓展 : 比较级+and+比较级 , 越来越 ,当其中的形容词或副词的比较级是通过+more 构成的, 用more and more +形容词/副词的结构。)3.So that 如此以至于 , 引导结果状语从句 So that 以便于, 以便; 因此 引导目的状语从句(常见结构 1.So+形容词/副词+that从句 2.So+形容词+a/an+可数名词单数+that从句3.So+many/few/much/little+名词+that从句)4.aloud, loud与loudly的用法，三个词都与“大声”或“响亮”有关。aloud是副词，通常放在动词之后。loud可作形容词或副词。用作副词时，常与speak, talk, laugh等动词连用，多用于比较级，须放在动词之后。如：She told us to speak a little louder.她让我们说大声一点。loudly是副词，”大声地, 喧闹地”相当于loud，有时两者可替换使用，可位于动词之前或之后。如：He does not talk loudly or laugh loudly in public.他不当众大声谈笑。5.end upend up doing sth 终止做某事，结束做某事如：The party ended up singing.晚会以唱歌而结束。end up with sth.以结束（注意介词with）The party ended up with her singing.晚会以她的歌唱而告终。6.by + doing 通过方式（by是介词，后面要接动词的ing形式）7.It's +形容词+（for sb.） to do sth （对于某人来说）做某事如：It's difficult （for me ） to study English.对于我来说学习英语太难了。句中的it 是形式主语，通常放在句首, 真正的主语是动词不定式to study English。8.afraid作形容词,意为“担心的;害怕的”,常与不定式构成be afraid to do sth.结构。Im afraid+that从句 恐怕be afraid of sb./sth.be afraid of doing sth.害怕做某事；不敢去做某事二、词汇拓展aloud adv.大声地；loud adj.响亮的;出声地大声的 adv.响亮地；大声地loudly adv.喧闹地;大声地；响亮地patient adj.有耐心的 n.病人patience n.耐心patiently adv.耐心地impatient adj.没有耐心的speak v.说 spoken adj.口语的speaker n.讲(某种语言)的人;发言者express v.表达 expression n.表情；表示；表达方式discover v.发现 discovery n.发现memorize v.记忆；记住 memory n.记忆chemistry n.化学chemical adj.化学的 chemist n.化学家;药剂师physics n.物理；物理学physical adj.物理的;身体的physicist n.物理学家mean v.代表意思,意思是 meaning n.意思 meaning n.意思meaningless adj.无意义的able adj.能够 ability n.能力;才能unable adj.未能;无法 disable v.使丧失能力;使伤残act v.表演; actor n.演员actress n.女演员active adj.活跃的；积极的activity n.活动 action n.行动create v.创造 creative adj.创造的creativity n.创造力pronounce v.发音 pronunciation n.发音wise adj.明智的 wisely adv.明智地;聪明地wisdom n.智慧knowledge n.知识；学问knowledgeable adj.博学的connect v.(使)连接；与有联系 connection n.联系三、核心短语Word by word 逐字地Give a report 作报告Have conversations with sb.和某人谈话Word groups 词组, 意群Study for a test 备考Be patient with对有耐心Decide to do sth.决定做某事Ask for help 寻求帮助Begin to do sth.开始做某事At first 首先, 起初A little 有点儿Keep a diary 写日记Take notes / make notes 记笔记Fall in love with (sb.or sth.) 爱上(某人或某物)A piece of cake 小菜一碟Practice makes perfect 熟能生巧Be afraid to do/ of doing sth.害怕做某事Be born with 天生具有, 生来就有地Get bored 变得无聊, 无趣Connect .with 把和联系起来Pay attention to 注意, 关注Review from time to time 不时地复习Give advice to sb.about sth.给某人关于某方面地建议Have trouble (in) doing sth.做某事有困难Instead of 而不是, 替代的是.Depend on 依靠, 依赖, 取决于Have .in common 在方面有共同之处Get bored 感到厌烦Learn from mistakes 从错误中学习It is not enough to do sth.做某事是不足够的Keep (on) doing sth.坚持做某事Find out 查明, 弄清Mind maps 思维导图Agree with sb.( on sth.) 同意某人的观点(针对某事)Be stressed out 紧张的, 有压力地On ones own 独自Bit by bit 一点一点地Over and over again 多次, 反复地Look up (在词典, 参考书中或电脑中) 查阅Listen for 注意听， 等着听; 倾听Succeed by doing sth.通过做某事取得成功Look for ways 寻求各种方式或方法四、语法要点it作形式主语(位置在句首)it用作形式主语时可代替不定式、动名词、从句等。一般说来，当不定式、动名词、从句等复杂成分用作句子主语时，为保持句子平衡，避免头重脚轻，通常把真正的主语放在句末，而在句首使用形式主语it。1.代替不定式It is difficult to make crossing over a sea.横渡大海是件难事。It is very easy to deal with him .和他打交道很容易。It is dangerous to swim in the sea here.在这儿的海里游泳是危险的。It is her custom to go for a walk on Saturday morning.她惯常在星期六早上出去散步。It is difficult to breathe at these altitudes.在这些高的地方人们会感到呼吸困难。It is pleasant to walk among the trees in the evening.晚上在树林中走一走令人心旷神怡。It is advisable always to wear a safety belt when youre driving.开车的时候最好系着安全带。2.代替动名词It is nice visiting new places.到陌生地方去玩真是有意思。It is mans social being that determines his thinking.人的社会存在决定人的思想。It is a bore having to go out again on a cold night like this.像今天这样的夜晚还得出门真烦死人。3.代替从句It is appropriate that he (should) be present.他应到场才对。It is astonishing to me that he should be absent.他竟未出席令我惊讶。It is well known that Edison invented the electric bulb.众所周知，是爱迪生发明了灯泡。It is desired that this rule should be brought to the attention of the staff.希望这条规则引起全体职员的注意。It is a question that needs very careful consideration.这是一个需要仔细考虑的问题。It was astonishing to everybody that the court had made such a decision.法庭作出这样的判决，所有人都感到很惊讶。it 作形式宾语(位置在句中)当不定式、动名词、从句等用作宾语且其后跟有宾语补足语时，就应在宾语补足语前使用形式宾语，而将真正的宾语移至句末。如：1.代替不定式He found it easy to earn extra money.他发现赚点外快很容易。Foreigners find it difficult to learn Chinese.外国人觉得中文很难学。She found it difficult to answer the question.她发现回答这个问题很困难。Some teachers find it difficult to keep their classes in order.有的教师发现课堂秩序很难维持。Do you think it convenient to bring your lunch to school? 你觉得把午饭带到学校去方便吗？The coughs of the people made it impossible to hear the speaker.人们的咳嗽声使演讲人的话不能听到。Having been his own boss for such a long time, he found it hard to accept orders from another. 自己当老板已经这么久了，他觉得难以听从别人的差遣。2.代替动名词I found it interesting being back at school again.我发现再次回到学校很有意思。I find it interesting talking go you.我觉得同你谈话很有意思。I found it interesting being back at school again.我发现再次回到学校很有意思。You must find it exciting working here.你一定会发现在此工作是很令人兴奋的。He found it very hard teaching a class full of indifferent teenagers.他发觉教一班无动于衷的十几岁的孩子真是头疼。As a single father, he found it a struggle bringing up three children.作为一名单身父亲，他发现带大三个孩子真不容易。3.代替从句I thought it certain that he would be late.我肯定他会迟到。Jan thinks it funny that Ive taken up yoga.简认为我练瑜伽功是可笑的。I find it amazing that you cant swim.你不会游泳可使我大吃一惊。I didnt think it likely that she would come back.我认为她不可能回来。4