高三英语学科考前指导中学教育高考英语_中学教育-高考.pdf
学习必备 欢迎下载 高三英语学科考前指导 二、单选专练(一)单项填空的命题特点 新课程改革的目的就是要全面培养学生英语的交际能力。反映在高考试卷中单项选择题主要考查学生在具体条件中分辨和灵活运用英语语言知识的能力;在特定语境下灵活运用语法和词汇知识能力;注重英语交际场景,灵活运用英语中某些固定搭配的能力。从测试内容的重要性来看,以更加能力化的形式去测试语法和词汇内容。从题干形式上看,单句测试题渐渐让位于篇章测试题,语言知识测试题渐渐让位于语言运用测试题。用对话来创设情景的题 仍占一定的比重。从语言点的分布上看,一直保持了“覆盖面广、重点突出”的特点。动词永远是该题型的主旋律、重头戏。高考试卷的命题趋势:连词/介词,时态/语态,非谓语动词,动词/词组辨析,定语从句和交际用语是必考点;其他考点穿插进行。虚拟语气、词义辨析、简单句和反意疑问句是命题弱项,概率会很低。高考侧重考查学生语言运用能力。单项选择题信息多,较灵活,语境表现得更自然,纯语法题基本没有;通过设计情景,将知识考查与语言意义及其功能的考查有机结合,达到了知识与能力综合考查的目的。因此,学生既要全面掌握基础知识,兼顾语法目的,又要能灵活运用所学的知识,分析问题,解决问题。同时,学生也要树立信心,单项选择并不可怕,没有怪题、偏题和难题,都是基础性和运用性的,强调对基于知识的语言运用能力的考查。几乎每小题的答案选择都需要借助于一个完整的微型语境,情景设置合理,避免纯知识性的考查。只要平时扎实学习,认真备考,就一定会考好。(二)NMET 解题技巧及应试策略 1.把握题干所给语义信息,抓住关键词、句,提高语义题的得分率。题干中所提供的语义信息有时很明显,有时只能通过分析才能找到,考生务必仔细推敲。如:(1)Which of these two ties will you take?Ill take _,to give me a change sometimes.A.either B.neither C.all D.both 注意题中所给信息:“two”和”give me a change sometimes”答案为 D.(2)Tom,you didnt come to the party last night?I _,but I suddenly remembered I had homework to do.A.had to B.didnt C.was going to D.wouldnt was/were going to 表示“本来打算做某事”。根据所提供的情景“but I suddenly remembered I had homework to do.”可判断出本来打算去参加聚会,但想起来有作业要做,故选 C.have to 为“不得不”;wouldnt 为“不愿意”2.把握上下文的时间隐含 有时题干中没明确给出时间,而是隐含在上下文中,考生只有通过对题干所给信息的推断,才能选定正确的时态。如:(1)You do not need to describe her.I _ her several times.You do not need to describe her.I _ her several times while I was in Beijing.A.have been B.had been C.saw D.was seeing 根据时态应用的规则,“several times”通常与现在完成时连用,所以上一题选择 A。下一题中的“while I was in Beijing”是个关键的时间信息,句中的“several times”应从属于大的时间前提,所以答案为 C。(2)She_ a new book last year,but I dont know if she has finished it.She_ a new book last year,and it will be punished soon.A.has been writing B.wrote C.was writing D.had written 这两道题的时间状语皆为“last year”,但后面信息则完全不同,上一题题意为“她去年一直在写书,但我不知道她写完没有”,强调过去一段时间内一直在做某事应采用过去进行时,所以答案为 C;下一题中“it will be punished soon”表明书已经写完了,所以它表示的是“她去年写了一本书”,答案是 B。3.排除思维定势的干扰(1)He was busy writing a story,only _ once in a while to smoke a cigarette.学习必备 欢迎下载 A.to stop B.stopping C.to have stopped D.having stopped 句意为“他忙于写故事,只是偶尔停下来抽支烟”。only to do 形成思维定势,易错选 A,但它表出乎意料的结果,依句意显然不合理。stopping 在此作伴随状语,表在写故事期间偶尔停下来抽支烟,故选 B。(2)I suggested the problem worthy _ attention to _ at the class meeting.A.being paid;discussing B.to be paid;discussing C.to be paid;be discussed D.being paid;being discussed 4.综合语法知识,注意句子结构(1)a:Dad,can I go out to play basketball with my classmate?Im afraid you cant _ your homework is being done.b:Dad,can I go out to play basketball with my classmate?Im afraid you cant _ your homework is done.A.after B.until C.as D.when 答案为:C/B(2)It was the village _ the scientists found some ancient tombs,containing a lot of treasures.It was in the village _ the scientists found some ancient tombs,containing a lot of treasures.A.where B.that C.the place D.the place where 通过对比分析,我们可以看出上一题中后面为定语从句,所以答案为 A,而下一题则为强调句型,答案为B。类似的考题经常在试卷中见到,解答该类题目是一定要认真分析句子结构从而准确答题。5.似是而实不是,还原一举两得 疑问句还原成陈述句;复杂句还原成简单句。(1)Who do you think youd like _ with you,a boy or a girl?A.to have go B.to have to go C.to have gone D.having to go 在确定答案之前,我们先来看看这个句子:I think Id like to have a boy go with me.句中的 go 要用原形,这是因为其前有表示使役的动词 have。在此句中,假若对名词 a boy 提问,便可得出:Who do you think youd like to have go with you?对照上面一题,答案很显然是 A。6.连、代不可小看,有无大不相同(1)If weather _,we will go to the Western Hill for a picnic.Weather _,we will go to the Western Hill for a picnic.A.permitted B.permitting C.permits D.to permit 答案为:C/B 做好非谓语类的题目,除了要掌握它的各种基本形式与语法功能,能准确分析句子成分、结构、还应熟悉一些有效的解题技巧。(2)All my homework _,so I went out to play football with other boys.All my homework _,I went out to play football with other boys.A.having finished B.had been finished C.finished D.finishing 答案为:B/C(3)_ himself to the experiment he was doing,he didnt notice me when I went in._ to the experiment he was doing,he didnt notice me when I went in.答案为:B/A 类似的表达法还有:employ oneself in/be employed in apply oneself to/be applied to absorb oneself in/be absorbed in dedicate oneself to/be dedicated to engage oneself in/be engaged in involve oneself in/be involved in 7.重视标点作用,细析结构解题(1)Which material can be throw into the sea _ its nature?Which material can be throw into the sea _ its nature.A.depends on B.depending on C.to depend on D.depend on 根据上一题后的问号我们可以得知该句的主语为 Which material,谓语部分 can be throw into the sea,所以填空部分应该在句中充当状语,因此答案为 B,意思是“根据性质,哪种材料可以被扔到海里呢”;而下一题中的句号表明该句的主语为从句 Which material can be throw into the sea,填空部分为句子的谓语,所以答案为 A,意思是“哪种材料可以被扔到海里取决于它的性质”。(2)_ you believe him when he says he loves you!He says the same to many girls.生英语的交际能力反映在高考试卷中单项选择题主要考查学生在具体条件中分辨和灵活运用英语语言知识的能力在特定语境下灵活运用语法和词汇知识能力注重英语交际场景灵活运用英语中某些固定搭配的能力从测试内容的重要性题渐渐让位于语言运用测试题用对话来创设情景的题仍占一定的比重从语言点的分布上看一直保持了覆盖面广重点突出的特点动词永远是该题型的主旋律重头戏高考试卷的命题趋势连词介词时态语态非谓语动词动词词组辨析定语从查学生语言运用能力单项选择题信息多较灵活语境表现得更自然纯语法题基本没有通过设计情景将知识考查与语言意义及其功能的考查有机结合达到了知识与能力综合考查的目的因此学生既要全面掌握基础知识兼顾语法目的又要能学习必备 欢迎下载 A.Do B.Didnt C.Did D.Dont 答案为:D 8.注意英汉表达习惯差异,排除母语干扰 英汉两种语言在表达上存在很大的差异,考生很可能会用汉语的思维方式去认识和解决英语中的问题,掉入命题人设置的陷阱。(1)Were all the toys for the children carried to their new kindergarten?No,only some of them.(2006 北京西城区 5 月第 28 题)A.it was B.they were C.there were D.there was 考生很可能误选 C。因为,考生想表达“不,只有一些被运往新幼儿园”,很可能用“There be”结构表达自己的思想。但是,本句实际采用了强调结构,强调“only some of them”,后面省略了“that were carried to their new kindergarten”。因此,正确答案为 A。(2)My uncle used to smoke _,but he was given it up since he was operated on last year.A.seriously B.heavily C.badly D.hardly 干扰项为 A,正确答案为 B。实战练习 1:1.No doctor would like to see a change for _ worse in a patient;they hope he or she can improve in _ health soon.A.the;/B.the;the C./;the D./;/2.There is _ as a free dinner in this world.As the saying goes,“No pains,no gains.”A.no such a good thing B.such no good thing C.no such good thing D.not so a good thing 3.Its quite _ of beginners to forget to use an article before a noun.A.ordinary B.usual C.regular D.typical 4.-You should have discouraged him from giving up registering for this years university entrance examination.-_,but he didnt listen.A.So did I B.I did C.So should I D.I had done 5.-How is your mother?-She,_ to the hospital without delay,is out of danger.A.rushed B.rushing C.having rushed D.to rush 6.-It is said that Johnson is the first young teacher _ to professor in your university this year.-Exactly._ of his own competence is an important factor in his success.A.promoted;convincing B.to have been promoted;convincing C.promoted;being convinced D.to have been promoted;being convinced 7._ is expected,according to the online survey,is that prices of houses wont go up any more.A.As B.It C.What D.Which 8.How can you expect to learn anything _ you never listen in class?A.when B.as C.unless D.because 9.The girl is seriously ill,otherwise she _ working instead of staying in bed all day long.A.is still B.will still be C.would still be D.has still been 10.Failure left me at the edge of desperation,but,_.I managed to go out of the shadow through years of efforts.A.He laughs best who laughs last B.Failure is the mother of success C.There is no royal road to learning D.Time heals all wounds 11.-So you missed the meeting.生英语的交际能力反映在高考试卷中单项选择题主要考查学生在具体条件中分辨和灵活运用英语语言知识的能力在特定语境下灵活运用语法和词汇知识能力注重英语交际场景灵活运用英语中某些固定搭配的能力从测试内容的重要性题渐渐让位于语言运用测试题用对话来创设情景的题仍占一定的比重从语言点的分布上看一直保持了覆盖面广重点突出的特点动词永远是该题型的主旋律重头戏高考试卷的命题趋势连词介词时态语态非谓语动词动词词组辨析定语从查学生语言运用能力单项选择题信息多较灵活语境表现得更自然纯语法题基本没有通过设计情景将知识考查与语言意义及其功能的考查有机结合达到了知识与能力综合考查的目的因此学生既要全面掌握基础知识兼顾语法目的又要能学习必备 欢迎下载 -_.I got there ten minutes before it finished.A.Not exactly B.Not really C.So what?D.How come?12.He just stared at me and there was an expr ession in his eyes I couldnt _.A.say B.sense C.read D.notice 13.We are going away in June but _ that Ill be here all summer.A.rather than B.other than C.in view of D.except for 14.It was not just the size of the party last night _ made it unique,but _ it meant to our company.A.that;that B.what;that C.what;what D.that;what 15.The questions in the second half of the form _ only _ married men.A.cater;to B.apply;to C.adapt;to D.turn;to 单项选择(2)1.-If you still have _ you are not clear about after my explanation,dont hesitate to ask.-_,thank you.A.something;Nothing B.anything;Nothing C.something;None D.anything;None 2.My honey,why are you crying?Oh,come,come.Dry your eyes.That s _.A.good B.bad C.better D.worse 3.He heard a big noise and had to _ his car to the roadside to have a look.A.pull up B.pull out C.pull in D.pulled over 4.-My God!What a narrow escape!-Luckily he missed it.He _ have been hit by the crazy car.A.should B.would C.must D.shall 5.-How soon will the lecture begin?-_.A.Very quickly B.Once in a while C.Not until 7:30 D.Two hours.6.I can guess you were in a hurry,for you _ your sweater inside out.A.had worn B.wore C.were wearing D.are wearing 7.We found all the students _ at the table and their eyes _ on the TV screen.A.sitting;fixing B.seated;fixed C.seat;fixed D.seating;fixing 8.-Would you please listen to me explain?-_ I ve had enough of it.A.Not more lies!B.No more secrets!C.No more excuses!D.Not more explanations!9.-Your neighbor s house was broken into last night.Where _?-I met an old friend of mine and came back very late,say,this morning.A.were you B.have you been C.did you go D.had you been 10.As a young engineer,he _ stay up late into the night working on his design during his stay in that company.A.would B.should C.must D.could 11.Survey shows that designer clothes _ much in the smaller towns.A.aren t really sold B.wasnt really sold C.don t really sell D.wont really sell 12.After that we never saw her again,nor _ from her.A.did we hear B.we heard C.had we heard D.we have heard 13.Excuse me,but would you please show me that _ toy bear?Thank you.A.red beautiful glass B.beautiful red glass 生英语的交际能力反映在高考试卷中单项选择题主要考查学生在具体条件中分辨和灵活运用英语语言知识的能力在特定语境下灵活运用语法和词汇知识能力注重英语交际场景灵活运用英语中某些固定搭配的能力从测试内容的重要性题渐渐让位于语言运用测试题用对话来创设情景的题仍占一定的比重从语言点的分布上看一直保持了覆盖面广重点突出的特点动词永远是该题型的主旋律重头戏高考试卷的命题趋势连词介词时态语态非谓语动词动词词组辨析定语从查学生语言运用能力单项选择题信息多较灵活语境表现得更自然纯语法题基本没有通过设计情景将知识考查与语言意义及其功能的考查有机结合达到了知识与能力综合考查的目的因此学生既要全面掌握基础知识兼顾语法目的又要能学习必备 欢迎下载 C.beautiful glass red D.red glass beautiful 14.-Any chance of you helping water the garden?-_.You can see how busy I am now.A.Sounds bad B.Never mind me C.That all depends D.Forget it 15.Just now I got an e-mail from my girl friend,_ indicated that she was going to teach in Tibet.A.who B.what C.which D.it 答案:15 ACDBA 610 DCACD 1115 ACBDB 解析:1.A。冠词的考查一直都是学生最难掌握的语法项目。它涉及的内容非常广:名词形式,不定冠词和定冠词的用法。掌握冠词其实就是掌握三个方面的考查:一般用法;特殊使用情况和习惯用法。a change for the worse/better 就是一个习惯表达,“向更糟/更好的方面变化”。英语中这种搭配也比较多;in health 在身体方面。health 是不可数名词,一般不加冠词。但我们也要注意有很多抽象或物质名词在被形容词修饰时一般加不定冠词“a”,如:a special paper;a rising sun 等。2.C。该题考查了三个语法内容:第一不使用冠词的情形;第二词序;第三 no 的用法。在高考中一个语法要点在考查时兼顾考查其他要点,是很常见的。当 such 与 some,other,these/those,no 等代词使用时,such 置于这些代词之后。No 修饰名词时,相当于 not a 或者 not any.3.D。形容词的考查出现在单项选择中,常考的是 common,regular,normal 等近义词的辨析。typical 语义指某一个体类型的见的最多的最基本特征。(most usual characteristic of a type)形容词考查考生既要注意近义词之间细微的区别,同时也要注意与介词的搭配等。Its typical of something/somebody to do做某事是某人(某物)最典型的特征。4.B。倒装结构的 so+助动词+主语与承认某一事实的结构(so)sb+助动词的辨析。老师应帮助学生注意简要回答所表示的内涵。I did=I did discourage him 5.A。该题考查非谓语动词用作非限定性定语的用法。该题的特殊性是 rush 既可以用作及物动词,也可以用作及物动词。很多学生对词性的认识比较单一,只认第一次接受此概念时的情形。我们在辅导学生时一定要重视这个问题。Rush somebody to+地点是急忙把某人送去某处。somebody 是句子主语,那后面的定语就应该是“,(who had been)rushed to the hospital,”该题可以用排除法去做:B,C,D 都是主动式,C 是完成式,根本就不用做定语。6.D。当中心词被序数词修饰时,作定语的非谓语动词我们选择动词不定式;动词 convince 意思是“使某人信服”,选择用 convincing 还是 convinced 主要看其逻辑主语。be convinced of 逻辑主语应该是成功的那个人,所以用 convinced。这里是动名词形式做主语。7.C。有很多学生积累了很多自己归纳出来的经验,他们认为后面有逗号了,那就应该是非限制行定语从句。殊不知逗号后面的内容是插入语,插入语后面是 is that,整个句子就缺少了主语而不是非限制性定语。what 在这里引导主语从句。8.A。when 有四个常考考点:当时候;,就在这个时候;如果;既然,在这样的情况下。在这里考的是第四种用法。再如:How silly we are to sit around indoors _ outside it is so lovely!A.while B.if C.once D.when 答案:D 9.C。虚拟语气在无 if 条件句的情形中的考查。注意关键词 otherwise(否则)。除此之外还有 without,but for等等。有时虚拟语气可以通过对话体现出来。10.D。全卷单项选择中最难的一题。之所以难是因为我们对西方文化并不能完全了解。但是这是新课程的要求:培养跨文化意识。做这类题目,首先要领会全句的意思(如果是对话就要理解对话大意以及应答人的态度。这种题型学生最容易望文生义。Time will heal all wounds.时间会治愈一切伤痛。这里的伤痛就是生英语的交际能力反映在高考试卷中单项选择题主要考查学生在具体条件中分辨和灵活运用英语语言知识的能力在特定语境下灵活运用语法和词汇知识能力注重英语交际场景灵活运用英语中某些固定搭配的能力从测试内容的重要性题渐渐让位于语言运用测试题用对话来创设情景的题仍占一定的比重从语言点的分布上看一直保持了覆盖面广重点突出的特点动词永远是该题型的主旋律重头戏高考试卷的命题趋势连词介词时态语态非谓语动词动词词组辨析定语从查学生语言运用能力单项选择题信息多较灵活语境表现得更自然纯语法题基本没有通过设计情景将知识考查与语言意义及其功能的考查有机结合达到了知识与能力综合考查的目的因此学生既要全面掌握基础知识兼顾语法目的又要能学习必备 欢迎下载 失败留下的阴影。学生可能会选 B,但是就不能与前面的 at the edge of desperation 和后面的 go out of the shadow of failure 同意起来。11.A。因为高考考过 not really,学生就会有这种思维定势,认为还是选它。Not really 是一个客气表示否定的表达,是 notvery much 的意思。而在该语境中,not exactly 不完全是,在交际中一般用来纠正对方的说法。即:不完全是错过了,还是看了一点点的。12.C。四个备选项都是热点动词。read 在这里是“理解”的意思,相当于 understand。13.B。这是短语介词辨析。结合语境 other than 意思是“除了”,句子的意思是:我们 6 月离开一阵子,夏天的其他时间都是在这里。14.D。考查强调句兼连词。not but不是而是 连接的连接两个主语;that 与句首的 it was 构成强调句型。句子的意思是:不是盛会的规模而是它对我们公司的重大意义使得它非常独特。15.B。动词词组考查。cater to 迎合(需要,口味);adapt to 适应,适合;apply to 适用于。句子的意思是:表格第二部分只由已婚男人回答。选择(2)解析:1.A。学生都知道在 if 引导的状语从句中使用 any 或者 anything,但是语境中的意思是真心诚意想得到肯定回答。none 指某一方面的事物没有。因为平时强化 none 比较多,可能学生会选 D。nothing 是省略,相当于 There is nothing not clear.没有什么不清楚的。并无具体范畴。2.C。考查比较级的习惯用法。Thats better.一般用来安慰孩子。句子意思:把眼泪擦干,对,这才乖。3.D。pull 是热点动词。pull up 指在红绿灯前慢慢停下;pull out 拔出来;pull off/over 减速靠边停下来。4.B。通过上下文语境考查虚拟语气。答案在 should 和 would 中选择。即使在有 if 引导的虚拟语气从句的情况下,should 也可以使用的。但是表达的内涵则不一样。would 表示“会”,should 则表示“按理应该如此”。句子意思是:“好在躲开了,要不就会被那疯狂的车撞上了”。5.C。考查省略,兼顾考查连词用法。解题方法一般使用补全法:The lecture wont begin until 7:30.very quickly指表示动作本身快,并不表示某动作隔多久发生。6.D。从你现在(are wearing the inside out),可以看到你当时是急急忙忙的。其他选项都不符合语境。注意并列连词 for 表示原因,是推断性原因。7.B。老题型了。考查过去分词用作宾语补足语的情况。过去分词用作宾语补足语一直是学生最薄弱的地方。主要要弄清过去分词与宾语之间是否存在被动或系表关系。检验的方法就是在宾语与宾语之间插入助动词 be 看是否能构成完成语义的句子。如该题中:the students were seated at the table;their eyes were fixed on the TV.都是有完整语义的句子。8.C 考查成语。No more excuses.不要再找借口了。学生可能会 D 选项,因为上文有 explain。注意 not more explanations 中 not more 错了。9.A。考查时态。学生可能会选 A。语境显示的是问你在那个事件发生时,当时所处的位置,而不是那里发生某个动作,你在同时做了别的什么动作。问话的人显然有怀疑的语气。A 是一种中文思维。应考虑跨文化因素。10.A。考查 would 用作 used to.表示过去常常 11.C。英语中有部分及物动词有不及物动词的用法,来表示被动。sell 就是其中之一。该类词的特点是,要么用在否定句中,要么与 well,easily 等副词连用。句子的意思是:调查显示设计大师设计的衣服在小城镇销路并不会好。12.A。考查倒装中时态的使用。注意时态是 after that.时态用过去时。13.B。形容词的语序,很多老师都编了朗朗上口的口诀让学生记忆。有一个比较好的是 opshacom。op=opinion,就是主观的评价。比如 beautiful,pretty,wonderful,excellent 等;sh=shape,指形状大小等;a=age,大小、新旧;c=colour;o=origin 表示出处,来源,如 Japanese,French 等;m=material 材料,质地。14.D。Forget it.是日常生活中最常用的交际用语。常用的有三中不同的意思,用在不同的交际环境。1.没生英语的交际能力反映在高考试卷中单项选择题主要考查学生在具体条件中分辨和灵活运用英语语言知识的能力在特定语境下灵活运用语法和词汇知识能力注重英语交际场景灵活运用英语中某些固定搭配的能力从测试内容的重要性题渐渐让位于语言运用测试题用对话来创设情景的题仍占一定的比重从语言点的分布上看一直保持了覆盖面广重点突出的特点动词永远是该题型的主旋律重头戏高考试卷的命题趋势连词介词时态语态非谓语动词动词词组辨析定语从查学生语言运用能力单项选择题信息多较灵活语境表现得更自然纯语法题基本没有通过设计情景将知识考查与语言意义及其功能的考查有机结合达到了知识与能力综合考查的目的因此学生既要全面掌握基础知识兼顾语法目的又要能学习必备 欢迎下载 关系,不必在意;2.提都不要提,别指望了;3.别提它了(不想重复)15.C。考查定语从句,关系代词的用法。思维定势会让学生选择 who,其实应该是“信中显示(the email indicated)”。注意定语从句中的分隔现象。看清从句修饰的成分。三、完形填空的命题特点与趋势 完形填空(close test),按照其读音通常翻译成“克(服)漏子”。其命题原则是格式塔心理学。格式塔心理学强调整体感知,完形填空测试的就是考生结合上下文语境(contest)对英语的整体感知能力。一篇完形填空测试考生的什么能力,这与短文的空格设计密切相关。如果空格要就学生填入连词、介词、冠词等连接性功能的词,则空格为功能性空格;如果要求填入名词、形容词、动词等实义词,这空格为语意空格;从近几年的高考试题看,完形填空以语意空格为主,只要测试考生的阅读能力和总体水平。即考查文意兼顾语法用法与搭配,其大体的比例为 7:3.但最近上海市也有命题专家将完形填空分为四种类型:词内项、词间项、句内项、句间项,并据此确定各项的构成比例而命题。上述试题的难度依次递增