名词性从句讲义及综合练习中学教育高考英语_中学教育-高考.pdf

学习必备 欢迎下载 空课讲义三答案 名词性从句 在复合句中起名词作用的从句叫做名词性从句。它包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。名词性从句是中学阶段的一个重要语法项目，在历年的高考中几乎都涉及到，并且每年的命题各有变化。分析历届高考试题名词性从句考查的焦点主要有以下六个方面 1.考查引导词 that 与 what 的区别 2.考查 it 在名词性从句中作形式主语或形式宾语的用法 3.考查名词性从句中的疑问词+ever 引导的名词性从句与 no matter+疑问词引导的状语从句的区别 4.考查名词性从句的虚拟语气问题 一、名词性从句的连接词 主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句，在整个句子中所起的作用，相当于一个名词。因此，这四种从句通称为名词性从句。引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类：连接词：that,whether,if（不充当从句的任何成分）连接代词：what,whatever,who,whoever,whom,whose,which.连接副词：when,where,how,why 二、具体分类：1.主语从句 作句子主语的从句叫主语从句。主语从句通常由从属连词 that，whether，if 和连接代词what，who，which，whatever，whoever 以及连接副词 how，when，where，why 等词引导。that 在句中无词义，只起连接作用；连接代词和连接副词在句中既保留自己的疑问含义、又起连接作用，在从句中充当从句的成分。例如：1)What he wants to tell us is not clear.他要跟我们说什么，还不清楚。2)It is known to us how he became a writer.我们都知道他是如何成为一名作家的。3)Where the English evening will be held has not yet been announced.英语晚会将在哪里举行，还没有宣布。4)That the earth moves around the sun(地球围绕太阳转)is a truth.5)Whoever studies hard(任何努力学习的人)will pass the exam.学习必备 欢迎下载 6)What I told you(我所告诉你的)just now was what had been written in the letter.7)Whether I accept the gift or refuse it(我是接受礼物还是拒绝它)is none of your business.有时用形式主语 it 代替主语从句作形式主语放于句首，而把主语从句置于句末。常用句型如下：It is necessary(important,obvious,true,natural,surprising,good,wonderful,funny,possible,likely,certain,probable,etc.)that 有必要/重要的是(从句用虚拟语气)It is believed(said,reported,thought,expected,decided,announced,arranged,etc).that人们相信 It is common knowledge(no wonder,an honor,a good thing,a pity,no surprise,etc).that是常识 It appears/happens/occurred to sb that似乎 8).他没有想到 Jack 能够把这道题目做出来。It didn t occur to him that Jack could figure it out.9).真奇怪你这样说。It is strange that you should say so.10).英语正被接受为国际的语言，这是事实。It is a fact that English is regarded as an International language.2.宾语从句作动词或介词的宾语 1).You can write about _(无论什么)topic you like.whatever 2).He made _quite clear _ he wouldnt change his mind.it;that 3).You may choose from _ _ _(从剩下的东西中).what is left a.It+be+形容词+that-从句 b.It+be+-ed 分词+that-从句 d.It+不及物动词+that-分句 c.It+be+名词+that-从句 从句表语从句和同位语从句名词性从句是中学阶段的一个重要语法项目在历年的高考中几乎都涉及到并且每年的命题各有变化分析历届高考试题名词性从句考查的焦点主要有以下六个方面考查引导词与的区别考查在名词性从句中作词性从句的虚拟语气问题一名词性从句的连接词主语从句表语从句宾语从句同位语从句在整个句子中所起的作用相当于一个名词因此这四种从句通称为名词性从句引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类连接词不充当从句的任何成分连词等词引导在句中无词义只起连接作用连接代词连接副词在句中既保留自己的疑问含义又起连接作用在从句中充当从句的成分例如他要跟我们说什么还不清楚我们都知道他是如何成为一名作家的英语晚会将在哪里举行还没有宣布地学习必备 欢迎下载 4).I dont doubt _ my friend John will come to China soon.that 5).I doubt _ he will come or not.whether 6).I dont think _ true that he came to the concert yesterday.it 7).She told her pupils that the earth is round.(不用 was)8).He said(that)he would spend his winter holiday in London this year and that it would be the first time he would spend his holiday alone abroad.规律总结：(1)主句的谓语是 make,find,see,hear 等，而且带有复合宾语时，可把宾语从句放在宾补之后，用 it 作形式宾语。(2)某些 adj.如 sure,happy,glad,certain 等，以及一些非谓语动词之后可带宾从。(3)主句的谓语动词如果是现在时或将来时,宾语从句的谓语动词可以不受限制.主句的谓语动词如果是过去时,则宾语从句的谓语动词通常必须 用过去的各种时态,这叫时态的一致性.但有两种情况不受事态一致性的约束,即宾语从句中有具体的时间或讲述的内容是真理、客观事实。(4)doubt 的宾语从句：在否定句中用 that，肯定句中用 whether.(5)(5)用 who，whom,which,whose,what,when,where,why,how,whoever,whatever,whichever 等关联词引导的宾语从句相当于特殊疑问句，应注意句子语序要用陈述语序。例 1)3)(6)当一个动词带有两个或两个以上 that 引导的宾语从句时，第一个 that that 从句一般不能充当介词宾语，偶尔可作 except,in，but 的宾语。如：Tom is a nice boy，except that he is sometimes late for school.汤姆是个很棒的男孩，除了有时上学迟到。His request is unreasonable in that he knows we cant afford it.他的要求是不合理的,因为他知道我们负担不起。宾语从句中的虚拟语气 I insist that she(should)do her work alone.我坚持要她自己工作。The commander ordered that troops(should)set off at once.司令员命令部队马上出发。从句表语从句和同位语从句名词性从句是中学阶段的一个重要语法项目在历年的高考中几乎都涉及到并且每年的命题各有变化分析历届高考试题名词性从句考查的焦点主要有以下六个方面考查引导词与的区别考查在名词性从句中作词性从句的虚拟语气问题一名词性从句的连接词主语从句表语从句宾语从句同位语从句在整个句子中所起的作用相当于一个名词因此这四种从句通称为名词性从句引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类连接词不充当从句的任何成分连词等词引导在句中无词义只起连接作用连接代词连接副词在句中既保留自己的疑问含义又起连接作用在从句中充当从句的成分例如他要跟我们说什么还不清楚我们都知道他是如何成为一名作家的英语晚会将在哪里举行还没有宣布地学习必备 欢迎下载 规律总结：在 demand，order，advise,recommend,propose,suggest，decide，insist，desire，request，command,require 等表示要求、命令、建议、决定等意义的动词后，宾语从句常用“（should）+动词原形”。3.表语从句 The fact is that we have lost the game.事实是我们已经输了这场比赛。That is why he didn t come to the meeting.那就是他为什么不到会的原因。It looks as if it is going to rain.看上去天要下雨了。The reason why he was late was that he missed the train by one minute this morning Shenzhen is not what it was 10 years ago.规律总结：1.在句中作表语的从句叫表语从句。引导表语从句的关联词与引导主语从句的关联词大致一样，表语 从句位于连系动词后，有时用 as if 引导。其基本结构为：主语+系动词+that 从句。2.that 不省略 3.需要注意的，当主语是 reason 时，表语从句要用 that 引导而不是 because。表语从句中的虚拟语气：在 advice,suggestion,proposal,recommendation,demand,request,requirement,command,order 等名词后面的表语从句中，句子要用虚拟语气。如：My suggestion is that we should give him another chance.Her requirement is that she should be sent to Tibet to work.4.同位语从句 同位语从句说明其前面的名词的具体内容。同位语从句通常由 that 引导，规律总结：可用于同位语从句的名词有 advice、demand、doubt、fact、hope、idea、information、message、news、order、problem、promise、question、request、suggestion、truth、wish、word等。The news that we won the game is exciting.我们赢得这场比赛的消息令人激动。从句表语从句和同位语从句名词性从句是中学阶段的一个重要语法项目在历年的高考中几乎都涉及到并且每年的命题各有变化分析历届高考试题名词性从句考查的焦点主要有以下六个方面考查引导词与的区别考查在名词性从句中作词性从句的虚拟语气问题一名词性从句的连接词主语从句表语从句宾语从句同位语从句在整个句子中所起的作用相当于一个名词因此这四种从句通称为名词性从句引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类连接词不充当从句的任何成分连词等词引导在句中无词义只起连接作用连接代词连接副词在句中既保留自己的疑问含义又起连接作用在从句中充当从句的成分例如他要跟我们说什么还不清楚我们都知道他是如何成为一名作家的英语晚会将在哪里举行还没有宣布地学习必备 欢迎下载 I have no idea when he will come back home.我不知道他什么时候回来。The thought came to him that Mary had probably fallen ill.他想到可能玛丽生病了。The question how they could get the information was brought forward at the meeting.The government warned that the rumour that an earthquake would hit Harbin was not believable.提示：下列名词如：advice,suggestion,proposal,recommendation,demand,request,requirement,command,order 等用于同位语从句时，从句要用虚拟语气。即 should+do，should 可省略 My suggestion that we should collect money for the poor girl has been taken.My parents have approved of my request that I should go abroad to study.三、名词性从句中需要注意的几个问题 1、whether/if(是否)引导的名词性从句 whether 和 if 的区别 whether 和 if 的区别 whether 和if 在宾语从句中可以互换，但是作介词宾语时连接词一般用whether It all depends on whether they will come back.后面直接跟 or not 时只能用 whether I didnt know whether or not he had arrived in Wuhan.主 语 从 句、表 语 从 句 中 只 能 用whether Whether the meeting will be put off has not been decided yet.在 discuss 后引导宾语从句时只能用whether They are discussing whether they should spare some money to help the victims.whether 可以引导同位语从句，用以说明前面的名词的内容，而 if 不能 We ought to discuss the question carefully whether we can do it or not.从句表语从句和同位语从句名词性从句是中学阶段的一个重要语法项目在历年的高考中几乎都涉及到并且每年的命题各有变化分析历届高考试题名词性从句考查的焦点主要有以下六个方面考查引导词与的区别考查在名词性从句中作词性从句的虚拟语气问题一名词性从句的连接词主语从句表语从句宾语从句同位语从句在整个句子中所起的作用相当于一个名词因此这四种从句通称为名词性从句引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类连接词不充当从句的任何成分连词等词引导在句中无词义只起连接作用连接代词连接副词在句中既保留自己的疑问含义又起连接作用在从句中充当从句的成分例如他要跟我们说什么还不清楚我们都知道他是如何成为一名作家的英语晚会将在哪里举行还没有宣布地学习必备 欢迎下载 whether 常与 or 连用表示一种选择，if 不能这样用；whether 也可与动词不定式连用但 if 不能 The question of whether they are male or female is not important.I dont know whether to leave or not.2.what,wh-ever，that 引导的名词性从句“Every time you eat a sweet,drink green tea.”This is what my mother used to tell me.(2014 浙江高考)(表语从句)“每次你吃糖的时候要喝点绿茶。”这是我妈妈过去常常告诉我的事情。Whoever wants to stay in a hotel has to pay their own way.(主语从句)任何一个想要住旅店的人都必须自己付钱。We promise whoever attends the party a chance to have a photo taken with the movie star.(宾语从句)我们承诺无论谁参加晚会，都有一次机会与这位电影明星合影。Whatever/No matter what you say,I will not believe you.(让步状语从句)What I can do now is go to sleep.All that I can do is go to sleep.The problem is that we don t have enough money.规律总结：1what 引导名词性从句时，what 在从句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语。而 that 不充当成分。2“疑问词ever”可引导名词性从句，在从句中要充当一定的成分。whoever 与 whatever表泛指，意 为“无论谁”，“无论什么”；whichever 表示在特定范围内选择，意为“无论的哪一个/哪一些”。3“疑问词ever”还可以引导让步状语从句。4“no matter 疑问词”只能引导让步状语从句。3.同位语从句与定语从句的区别 The news that they had won the game soon spread over the whole school.他们赢得比赛的消息很快就传遍了整个学校。(同位语从句，进一步解释 the news 的内容)The news(that)you told me yesterday was really disappointing.你昨天告诉我的消息真的很令人失望。(定语从句，它指的是“你昨天告诉我的那个从句表语从句和同位语从句名词性从句是中学阶段的一个重要语法项目在历年的高考中几乎都涉及到并且每年的命题各有变化分析历届高考试题名词性从句考查的焦点主要有以下六个方面考查引导词与的区别考查在名词性从句中作词性从句的虚拟语气问题一名词性从句的连接词主语从句表语从句宾语从句同位语从句在整个句子中所起的作用相当于一个名词因此这四种从句通称为名词性从句引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类连接词不充当从句的任何成分连词等词引导在句中无词义只起连接作用连接代词连接副词在句中既保留自己的疑问含义又起连接作用在从句中充当从句的成分例如他要跟我们说什么还不清楚我们都知道他是如何成为一名作家的英语晚会将在哪里举行还没有宣布地学习必备 欢迎下载 消息”)I had no idea that you were here（that 引导同位语从句，不能省略）Have you got the idea（that）this book gives you of life in ancient Greece？（that 引导定语从句，作宾语，可以省略）规律总结：1 同位语从句是对前面名词的内容作进一步的解释、说明，引导词 that 只起引导作用，在句中不作 任何成分，一般不可省略。2定语从句是对前面名词进行修饰、限制，引导词在句中作一定的句子成分。名词性从句练习:语法填空:1.Every year,_ makes the most beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite Festival.whoever 2.Jane moved aimlessly down the tree-lined street,not knowing _she was heading.where 3.We choose this hotel because the price for a night here is down to$20,half of _ it used to charge.what 4.She asked me _ I had returned the books to the library,and I admitted that I hadnt.whether 5.Your support is important to our work._ you can do helps.Whatever 6.The most pleasant thing of the rainy season is _ one can be entirely free from dust.that 7.It is often the case _anything is possible for those who hang on to hope.从句表语从句和同位语从句名词性从句是中学阶段的一个重要语法项目在历年的高考中几乎都涉及到并且每年的命题各有变化分析历届高考试题名词性从句考查的焦点主要有以下六个方面考查引导词与的区别考查在名词性从句中作词性从句的虚拟语气问题一名词性从句的连接词主语从句表语从句宾语从句同位语从句在整个句子中所起的作用相当于一个名词因此这四种从句通称为名词性从句引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类连接词不充当从句的任何成分连词等词引导在句中无词义只起连接作用连接代词连接副词在句中既保留自己的疑问含义又起连接作用在从句中充当从句的成分例如他要跟我们说什么还不清楚我们都知道他是如何成为一名作家的英语晚会将在哪里举行还没有宣布地学习必备 欢迎下载 that 8.The manager put forward a suggestion _ we should have an assistant.There is too much work to do.that 9.You have to know _ youre going if you are to plan the best way of getting there.where 10.I truly believe _beauty comes from within.that 11.A ship in harbor is safe,but that s not _ ships are built for.what 12.If you swim in a river or lake,be sure to investigate is below the water surface.Often there are rocks or branched hidden in the water.what 13.We must find out _ Karl is coming,so we can book a room for him.when 14.The exhibition tells us we should do something to stop air pollution.why 15.Reading her biography,I was lost in admiration for Doris Lessing had achieved in literature.what 16I wonder _ Mary has kept her figure after all these years.By working out every day.how 17._we understand things has a lot to do with what we feel.How 18.Exactly_ the potato was introduced into Europe is uncertain,but it was probably 从句表语从句和同位语从句名词性从句是中学阶段的一个重要语法项目在历年的高考中几乎都涉及到并且每年的命题各有变化分析历届高考试题名词性从句考查的焦点主要有以下六个方面考查引导词与的区别考查在名词性从句中作词性从句的虚拟语气问题一名词性从句的连接词主语从句表语从句宾语从句同位语从句在整个句子中所起的作用相当于一个名词因此这四种从句通称为名词性从句引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类连接词不充当从句的任何成分连词等词引导在句中无词义只起连接作用连接代词连接副词在句中既保留自己的疑问含义又起连接作用在从句中充当从句的成分例如他要跟我们说什么还不清楚我们都知道他是如何成为一名作家的英语晚会将在哪里举行还没有宣布地学习必备 欢迎下载 around 1565.When 19.I think _ impresses me about his painting is the colours he uses.what 20.It is difficult for us to imagine_ life was like for slaves in the ancient world.what 21.Among the many dangers sailors have to face,probably the greatest of all is fog.which 22.What a mess!You are always so lazy!Im not to blame,mum.I am _ you have made me.what 23.It remains to be seen the newly formed committees policy can be put into practice.whether 24.After _ seemed like hours he came out with a bitter smile.What 25.In 1492,Columbus reached _ is now called America.What 单句改错 1.【误】That he really means is what he doesn t agree with us.That 改为 What 2.【误】The news which our team had won pleased everyone.which 改为 that 3【误】The reason why he failed in the exam was because he was too careless.because 改为 that 4.【误】If he is an engineer is unknown.从句表语从句和同位语从句名词性从句是中学阶段的一个重要语法项目在历年的高考中几乎都涉及到并且每年的命题各有变化分析历届高考试题名词性从句考查的焦点主要有以下六个方面考查引导词与的区别考查在名词性从句中作词性从句的虚拟语气问题一名词性从句的连接词主语从句表语从句宾语从句同位语从句在整个句子中所起的作用相当于一个名词因此这四种从句通称为名词性从句引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类连接词不充当从句的任何成分连词等词引导在句中无词义只起连接作用连接代词连接副词在句中既保留自己的疑问含义又起连接作用在从句中充当从句的成分例如他要跟我们说什么还不清楚我们都知道他是如何成为一名作家的英语晚会将在哪里举行还没有宣布地学习必备 欢迎下载 If 改为 Whether 5.【误】What he needs is enough time and what I need is enough books.第二个 is 改为 are 6.【误】Ill make known to all that you were not honest.make 后加 it 7.【误】My suggestion is that we will learn more words by heart.Will改为 should 8.When and where we shall have the lecture are not decided.are 改为 is 9.This is a fact that English is widely used as an international language.This改为 It 10.What the earth moves around the sun is known to all.What 改为 That 完形填空 In our modern world,when something wears out,we throw it away and buy a new one.The_1_is that countries around the world have growing mountains of _2_because people are throwing out more rubbish than ever before.How did we_3_a throwaway society?First of all,it is now easier to_4_an object than to spend time and money to repair it._5_modern manufacturing(制造业)and technology,companies are able to produce products quickly and inexpensively.Products are plentiful and_6_ Another cause is our_7_of disposable(一次性的)products.As_8_people,we are always looking for_9_to save time and make our lives easier.Companies_10_thousands of different kinds of disposable products:paper plates,plastic cups,and cameras,to name a few.Our appetite for new products also_11_to the problem.We are_12_buying new things.Advertisements persuade us that_13_is better and that we will be happier with the latest products.The result is that we_14_useful possessions to make room for new ones.从句表语从句和同位语从句名词性从句是中学阶段的一个重要语法项目在历年的高考中几乎都涉及到并且每年的命题各有变化分析历届高考试题名词性从句考查的焦点主要有以下六个方面考查引导词与的区别考查在名词性从句中作词性从句的虚拟语气问题一名词性从句的连接词主语从句表语从句宾语从句同位语从句在整个句子中所起的作用相当于一个名词因此这四种从句通称为名词性从句引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类连接词不充当从句的任何成分连词等词引导在句中无词义只起连接作用连接代词连接副词在句中既保留自己的疑问含义又起连接作用在从句中充当从句的成分例如他要跟我们说什么还不清楚我们都知道他是如何成为一名作家的英语晚会将在哪里举行还没有宣布地学习必备 欢迎下载 All around the world,we can see the_15_of this throwaway lifestyle.Mountains of rubbish just keep getting bigger.To_16_the amount of rubbish and to protect the_17_，more governments are requiring people to recycle materials._18_，this is not enough to solve(解决)our problem.Maybe there is another way out.We need to repair our possessions_19_throwing them away.We also need to rethink our attitudes about_20_ Repairing our possessions and changing our spending habits may be the best way to reduce the amount of rubbish and take care of our environment.【分析】文章主要讲的是堆积如山的垃圾给环境带来的影响。随着社会的发展，人们倾向于扔掉用旧了的东西，以新物品取而代之。而且，包装盒等一次性产品给人们带来方便的同时，也给环境带来很大的压力。1A.key Breason Cproject Dproblem【解析】句意：关键是世界各国日益堆积如山的垃圾。A.答案；B.原因；C.项目；D.问题。根据第二行“the world.”可知，出现的问题是垃圾堆积如山，故选 D。【答案】D 2A.gifts Brubbish Cdebt Dproducts【解析】句意：因为人们扔掉垃圾比以往任何时候都多。考查上下文逻辑关系。根据下文中的 throwing out more rubbish可知。【答案】B 3A.face Bbecome Cobserve Dchange【解析】句意：我们如何成为一个一次性的社会？考查动词辨析。【答案】B 4A.hide Bcontrol Creplace Dwithdraw【解析】句意：首先，现在我们可以更容易地替换一个对象要比花时间和金钱来修复它更容易。【答案】C 5A.Thanks to BAs to 从句表语从句和同位语从句名词性从句是中学阶段的一个重要语法项目在历年的高考中几乎都涉及到并且每年的命题各有变化分析历届高考试题名词性从句考查的焦点主要有以下六个方面考查引导词与的区别考查在名词性从句中作词性从句的虚拟语气问题一名词性从句的连接词主语从句表语从句宾语从句同位语从句在整个句子中所起的作用相当于一个名词因此这四种从句通称为名词性从句引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类连接词不充当从句的任何成分连词等词引导在句中无词义只起连接作用连接代词连接副词在句中既保留自己的疑问含义又起连接作用在从句中充当从句的成分例如他要跟我们说什么还不清楚我们都知道他是如何成为一名作家的英语晚会将在哪里举行还没有宣布地学习必备 欢迎下载 CExcept for DRegardless of【解析】句意：由于现代制造业和技术，公司能够迅速而廉价地制造产品。考查介词短语辨析。A.幸亏；由于；B.至于；关于；C.除之外；D.不顾；不管。【答案】A 6A.safe Bfunny Ccheap Dpowerful【解析】句意：产品丰富多样并且廉价。考查形容词辨析。A.安全的；B.滑稽可笑的；D.强大的；强有力的；均不符合题意。【答案】C 7A.love Black Cprevention Ddivision【解析】句意：一次性的另一个原因是我们的