名词性从句讲义1中学教育高考英语_中学教育-中学课件.pdf

名词性从句讲乂 査页仅作为文档封面，使用时可以删除 is for reference only-rar21 year.March 名词性从句 引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类：连接词：that,whether,if,as if/though(不充当从句的任何成分)连接代词：what,whatever,who,whoever,whom,whose,which.有词义，在从句中担任成分，如:主、宾、表或定语等。连接副词：when,where,how,why.有词义，在从句中担任成分，作状语。.主语从句：1.作句子主语的从句叫主语从句。Who will go is not important.2.用it作形式主语，主语从句放在句末。It doesn t matter so much whether you will come or not 3.th毗引导的主语从句放在句首时，在句中无词义，只起连接作用，不能省略；That she will do well in her exam is certain 4.that引导的主语从句，一般放在主句的后面，即把it放在句首作形式主语。(1)It+be+形容词/名词/过去分词+that从句 常用的句型有 It is a pity/a shame/no wonder/a surprise that：It is necessary/important/natural/strange that It is suggested/requested/proposed/desired that 注意：在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等语气时，谓语动词要用虚拟 语气(should)+do(2)It+不及物动词+that 从句 It seems/appears/happened/occurred to sb.that (3)It is time that sb.did 或 should do(注意：should 不可以省略)5.主语从句中主谓一致问题 主语从句作主语相当于第三人称单数作主语，谓语动词用单数：When the meeting will begin has not been decided yet 如果111 and连接两个或两个以上的主语从句作主语时，谓语动词用复数；When they will start and where they go have not been decided yet.如果由and连接两个或多个连接词引导一个主语从句时，谓语动词用单数。When and where the meeting will begin has not been decided yet.表语从句：1.表语从句在复合句中作表语，位于系动词(be/seem/remdin/look/dppedr/etc)后。The fact is that we have lost the game 2.as if/though引导的表语从句 真实的好像(陈述语气)：It looks as if it is going to rain.不可能出现得好像(虚拟语气)：The pencil looks as 辻 it were broken in the middle.注意：当主语是reason/cause时，表语从句要用that引导而不是because。since,as不能引 导表语从句。The reason why he was late was that he missed the train by one minute this morning.宾语从句：1.作动词宾语 I expect(that)I shall be back on Sunday.2 作夕卜词宾语 The teacher is satisfied with what I said 3.作 afraid,glad,certain,sure 等形容词的宾语。I*m afraid that I will be late.I m glad that you passed the exam.同位语从句 代词不充当从句的任何成分有词义在从句中担任成分如主宾表或定语等连接副词有词义在从句中担任成分作状语主语从句作句子主语的从句叫主语从句用作形式主语主语从句放在句末毗引导的主语从句放在句首时在句中无词义只起句型有注意在主语从句中用来表示惊奇不相信惋惜理应如此等语气时谓语动词要用虚拟语气不及物动词从句或注意不可以省略主语从句中主谓一致问题主语从句作主语相当于第三人称单数作主语谓语动词用单数如果连接两个或两个从句表语从句在复合句中作表语位于系动词引导的表语从句真实的好像陈述语气不可能出现得好像虚拟语气辻注意当主语是时表语从句要用引导而不是不能引导表后语从句宾语从句作动词宾语作夕卜词宾语词的宾语同位语从句作等We I will appreciate I want to know what you are going to do tomorrow.I know that you re better now.考点4、名词性从句的语序应用陈述语序：主语+谓语 He asked _ for a violin.A.did I pay how much B.I paid how much how much I paid 注意：1)what is the matter本身就是陈述句语序 语序 C how much did I pay D _ you have seen both fighters,_ will win A.Since;do you think who Since;who do you think B.As;who you think C When;whoever D.同位语从句在复合句中作某一名词的同位语，一般位于该名词之后，说明该名词的具体内容。可用 于同位语从句的名词有 advice、demand、doubt fact、hope、idea、information message、news、order、problem、promise、question、request、suggestion truth、wish、word 等。The news that we won the game is exciting The thought came to him that Mary had probably fallen ill.名词性从句高考考点 考点1、主语从句常用it作形式主语，而把主语从句置于句末。常用句型如下：(1)It+be+名词(an honor,a good thing,a pity,no surprise/no wonder/etc)+that 从句 Eg：It is a pity that you didn t go to see the film(2)It+be+形容词(natural/true,/obvious/good/wonderful/likely/possible/certain/etc)+that 从句 Eg:It is certain that she will do well in her exam(3)It+be+过去分词+that从句 Eg：It is suggested that he be sent to hospita 1.(4)It+seem/happen/appear 等不及物动词+that 从句 Eh:It happened that she was out that day.(例题)_ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language A.There B.This C That D It 考点沢it在宾语从句中的运用：1）动词+it+宾补（形容词、过去分词或名词）+that结构 I think it important that we should keep calm.practise English daily.2)介词/动词+it+that的特殊结构(it作引导词)You may depend on it that they 11 support you.help me.考点3、名词性从句中what与that的区别 that引导的名词性从句表事实，不含疑问，在从句中不充当句子成分，没有含义;what引导的名词性从句表疑问，在句中充当主语、宾语、表语或定语。考点5、宾语从句的时态呼应 当主句动词是现在时，从句根据自身的句子情况，而使用不同时态。当主句动词是过去（could/would除外），从句则要用相应的过去时态，如一般过去时，过去进 行时，过去将来时，过去完成时等；当从句表示的是客观真理，科学原理，自然现象，则从句仍 用代词不充当从句的任何成分有词义在从句中担任成分如主宾表或定语等连接副词有词义在从句中担任成分作状语主语从句作句子主语的从句叫主语从句用作形式主语主语从句放在句末毗引导的主语从句放在句首时在句中无词义只起句型有注意在主语从句中用来表示惊奇不相信惋惜理应如此等语气时谓语动词要用虚拟语气不及物动词从句或注意不可以省略主语从句中主谓一致问题主语从句作主语相当于第三人称单数作主语谓语动词用单数如果连接两个或两个从句表语从句在复合句中作表语位于系动词引导的表语从句真实的好像陈述语气不可能出现得好像虚拟语气辻注意当主语是时表语从句要用引导而不是不能引导表后语从句宾语从句作动词宾语作夕卜词宾语词的宾语同位语从句作等一般现在时态。代词不充当从句的任何成分有词义在从句中担任成分如主宾表或定语等连接副词有词义在从句中担任成分作状语主语从句作句子主语的从句叫主语从句用作形式主语主语从句放在句末毗引导的主语从句放在句首时在句中无词义只起句型有注意在主语从句中用来表示惊奇不相信惋惜理应如此等语气时谓语动词要用虚拟语气不及物动词从句或注意不可以省略主语从句中主谓一致问题主语从句作主语相当于第三人称单数作主语谓语动词用单数如果连接两个或两个从句表语从句在复合句中作表语位于系动词引导的表语从句真实的好像陈述语气不可能出现得好像虚拟语气辻注意当主语是时表语从句要用引导而不是不能引导表后语从句宾语从句作动词宾语作夕卜词宾语词的宾语同位语从句作等We must never think(that)we are good in everything I The The teacher told us that Tom had left us for America The teacher told us that the earth _ _ round the sun.A.goes B.went C is going D.had gone 考点6.that不可省略的情况 1）并列的宾语从句中，从第二个宾语从句开始都不可以省略。nothing 2）作介词but、except in等的宾语时不可省。he is from the north 3）在it作形式宾语的宾语从句中不省略。finish the task today.4）t hat引导的主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。made them happy.5）当that前有插入语时,has passed the exam 6）当that宾语从句中状语部分位于从句前部时 please call me.考点7、同位语从句和定语从句的区别：（1）同位语从句中，连词that在句中不担任句子成分，而引导定语从句的that则在从句中作主语,宾语等。侖位语从句的wh词多具有疑问意义，而引导定语从句的wh 词则没有疑问意义。（2）定语从句是对先行词的修饰，限定；而同位语从句是解释，说明先行词的内容。The news that our team won the game is true,isn t true 考点8只用whether的情况，不用if的情况：1)在动词不定式之前 I can*t decide whether to stay here 2)在 whether or(not)的固定搭酉己中 I want to know whether it s good news or not 3)在介词后，只能用 whether。His father is worried about whether he loses his work 4)同位语从句、表语从句；主语从句位于句首 Whether the plan is feasible remains to be proved 注意：引导条件句时，只能用 if Please come to see me if you have time.5)discuss 后的宾语从句只能用 whether We are discussing whether we 11 go camping tomoirow.考点 9.who/whoever;what/whatever 1)who/what等含特指意义，有疑问；而whoever/whatever等含泛指含义，没有疑问 I don*t know _ will come here _ comes here is ok._ comes here,it is ok 2)疑问词+evei和no matt er+疑问词的区别：疑问词+ever(无论.)可以引导名词性从句和让步状语从句；no matter+疑问词只能引导让步状 语从句 Whoever breaks the rule must be punished Whoever breaks the rule,he must be punished=No matter who breaks the rule,he must be punished Sarah hopes to become a friend of _ shares her interests 代词不充当从句的任何成分有词义在从句中担任成分如主宾表或定语等连接副词有词义在从句中担任成分作状语主语从句作句子主语的从句叫主语从句用作形式主语主语从句放在句末毗引导的主语从句放在句首时在句中无词义只起句型有注意在主语从句中用来表示惊奇不相信惋惜理应如此等语气时谓语动词要用虚拟语气不及物动词从句或注意不可以省略主语从句中主谓一致问题主语从句作主语相当于第三人称单数作主语谓语动词用单数如果连接两个或两个从句表语从句在复合句中作表语位于系动词引导的表语从句真实的好像陈述语气不可能出现得好像虚拟语气辻注意当主语是时表语从句要用引导而不是不能引导表后语从句宾语从句作动词宾语作夕卜词宾语词的宾语同位语从句作等A.B.whomever C.whoever D.考点10.宾语从句中的虚拟语气.否定前移 1)在 demand、order suggest、decide、insist,desire,request,command 等表示要求、命令、建议、决定等意义的动词后，宾语从句常用“(should)+动词原形”。I insist that she _ her work alone A.do B.does C will do D.did 2)宾语从句的否定前移。当主句的主语是第一人称I或we,且谓语动词为imagine,believe,expect,suppose think,时，其宾语从句的否定，要将从句中的否定形式移到主句中，即把上述主 句中的动词变为否定式。注：此种用法它的反意疑问句的助动词山从句的助动词来决定，并且用肯定形式。I don t think he can do it,can he I don t think you are right,_ I don t think a warm winter always has a negative influence on our life,A.doesn*t it B do I C hasn t it D.does it 考点11.关于doubt 肯定句中用whether/辻；否定句和疑问句中用that I doubt whether/if he will win the game There is no doubt that he will win the game 代词不充当从句的任何成分有词义在从句中担任成分如主宾表或定语等连接副词有词义在从句中担任成分作状语主语从句作句子主语的从句叫主语从句用作形式主语主语从句放在句末毗引导的主语从句放在句首时在句中无词义只起句型有注意在主语从句中用来表示惊奇不相信惋惜理应如此等语气时谓语动词要用虚拟语气不及物动词从句或注意不可以省略主语从句中主谓一致问题主语从句作主语相当于第三人称单数作主语谓语动词用单数如果连接两个或两个从句表语从句在复合句中作表语位于系动词引导的表语从句真实的好像陈述语气不可能出现得好像虚拟语气辻注意当主语是时表语从句要用引导而不是不能引导表后语从句宾语从句作动词宾语作夕卜词宾语词的宾语同位语从句作等