同位语从句和定语从句的三点区别中学教育高考英语_中学教育-高考英语.pdf
学习必备 欢迎下载 同位语从句和定语从句的三点区别 同位语从句和定语从句很相似,但还是有区别的,区别主要在以下三方面:1.从词类上区别 同位语从句前面的名词只能是idea,fact,news,hope,belief,suggestion,proposal,word,thought,doubt,truth,possibility,promise,order等有一定内涵的名词，而定语从句的先行词可以是名词、代词、主句的一部分或是整个主句。如:The possibility that the majority of the labour force will work at home is often discussed.人们经常讨论大多数劳动力将会在家里工作的可能性(同位语从句)We are not looking into the question whether he is worth trusting.我们正在调查的问题不是他是否值得信赖的问题(同位语从句)Word came that he had been abroad.据说他已经出国了(同位语从句)Our team has won the game,which made us very happy.我们的队赢了,这让我们很高兴(定语从句)The doctor whom you are looking for is in the room.你找的那位医生在房间里面(定语从句)His mother did all she could to help him with his study.他妈妈尽她的最大努力帮助他的学习(定语从句,代词 all 作先行词?)2.从性质上区别 定语从句是从句对其先行词的修饰或限制,属于形容词性从句的范畴;而同位语从句是从句对前面抽象名词的进一步的说明和解释,属于名词性从句的范畴如:学习必备 欢迎下载 The news that our team has won the game was true.我们队赢了那场比赛的消息是真的(同位语从句,补充说明 news 到底是一个什么消息)The news that he told me yesterday was true.昨天他告诉我的那个消息是真的(定语从句,news 在从句中作 told 的宾语)I made a promise that if anyone set me free I would make him very rich.我许诺如果谁让我自由,我就让他非常富有(同位语从句,补充说明 promise到底是一个什么诺言)The mother made a promise that pleased all her children.妈妈做出了一个令她的孩子们高兴的许诺(定语从句,promise在从句中作 pleased的主语)3.从引导词及其在句子中的成分上区别 有些引导词如 how,whether,what可以引导同位语从句,但不能引导定语从句如:That question whether we need it has not been considered.我们是否需要它这个问题还没有考虑(同位语从句)I have no idea what has happened to him.我不知道他发生了什么事(同位语从句)引导词that 引导定语从句时,在从句中一般作主语或宾语(指物时还可以用which 代替),并且作宾语时常常省略 that在同位语从句中仅起连接作用,不充当任何成分,并且不能省略,也不能用 which 来代替如:The order that we should send a few people to help the other groups was received yesterday.我们应派几个人去帮别的几个小组的命令昨天收到了(同位语从句,是对 order的具体解释,that 虽不作成分,但不能省略)The order that we received yesterday was that we should send a few people to help the other groups.我们昨天收到的命令是我们应该派几个人去帮助别的几个小组(定语从句,是名词 order的修饰语,that 在从句中作 received的宾语,可以省略)下三方面从词类上区别同位语从句前面的名词只能是等有一定内涵的名词而定语从句的先行词可以是名词代词主句的一部分或是整个主句如人们经常讨论大多数劳动力将会在家里工作的可能性同位语从句我们正在调查的问题不是他医生在房间里面定语从句他妈妈尽她的最大努力帮助他的学习定语从句代词作先行词从性质上区别定语从句是从句对其先行词的修饰或限制属于形容词性从句的范畴而同位语从句是从句对前面抽象名词的一步的说明和解释属于名词天他告诉我的那个消息是真的定语从句在从句中作的宾语我许诺如果谁让我自由我就让他非常富有同位语从句补充说明到底是一个什么诺言妈妈做出了一个令她的孩子们高兴的许诺定语从句在从句中作的主语从引导词及其在句子中学习必备 欢迎下载 最后我们在一起来做三道练习题:1.Along with the letter was his promise _ he would visit me this coming Christmas.(2004上海春季高考)A.which B.that C.what D.whether 2.The other day,my brother drove his car down the street at _ I thought was a dangerous speed.(2004上海春季高考)A.as B.which C.what D.that 3.Luckily,wed brought a road map without _ we would have lost our way.(2004北京春季高考)A.it B.that C.this D.which 答案:1.B 2.B 3.D 下三方面从词类上区别同位语从句前面的名词只能是等有一定内涵的名词而定语从句的先行词可以是名词代词主句的一部分或是整个主句如人们经常讨论大多数劳动力将会在家里工作的可能性同位语从句我们正在调查的问题不是他医生在房间里面定语从句他妈妈尽她的最大努力帮助他的学习定语从句代词作先行词从性质上区别定语从句是从句对其先行词的修饰或限制属于形容词性从句的范畴而同位语从句是从句对前面抽象名词的一步的说明和解释属于名词天他告诉我的那个消息是真的定语从句在从句中作的宾语我许诺如果谁让我自由我就让他非常富有同位语从句补充说明到底是一个什么诺言妈妈做出了一个令她的孩子们高兴的许诺定语从句在从句中作的主语从引导词及其在句子中
