复合句定语从句名词性从句状语从句学案中学教育高考英语_中学教育-中学课件.pdf

复合句（定语从句、名词性从句、状语从句）定语从句 考点一 关系代词引导的定语从句 1whose 是一个表示所属关系的词，在定语从句中作定语，of which 可以代替 whose 指物，词序一般是名词of which 或 of which 名词。of whom 可以代替 whose 指人，词序是名词of whom。2which，that 所代替的先行词是表示事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等。先行词既有人又有物时，关系代词用 that；which 代指前面整个句子内容。3who，whom，that 这些词代替的先行词是表示人的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等。考点二 介词提前了的定语从句 1与定语从句中的动词构成搭配。2与定语从句所修饰的先行词构成搭配。3ofwhich/whom 表示所属关系。(表所属关系也可用 whose)考点三 关系副词引导的定语从句 1关系副词在定语从句中作状语，when 指时间，where 指地点，why 指原因，在定语从句中分别作时间状语、地点状语和原因状语。2先行词是时间名词或地点名词时，如果在从句中不作状语，则不能用 when 或 where 引导定语从句，而要用 which/that。考点四 先行词为 point,situation,case等的定语从句 point，situation，case，activity 等，从表面上看它们不是表地点的，但却表示类似地点的意义，因此它们作先行词时，如果引导词在从句中作状语，那么这个引导词要用 where；如果不作状语，则用关系代词 that/which。名词性从句 考点一 主语从句 主语从句在主句中作主语，位于主句谓语动词之前，但多数情况下由 it 作形式主语，而把真正的主语放在句子的后面，其句型结构为：Itben./adj.that/whether/why/when 从句。考点二 同位语从句 1同位语从句常放在 fact，news，idea，truth，hope，problem，information，belief，thought，doubt 等名词的后面，是对前面的名词作进一步的解释，说明前面名词的具体含义。2同位语从句与定语从句的区别：同位语从句是对前面名词的内容作进一步的解释、说明，引导词只起引导作用，不在句中作任何成分，一般不可省略。定语从句是对前面名词进行修饰、限制，引导词在句中作一定的句子成分。考点三 表语从句 表语从句在句中作表语，位于主句的系动词之后。引导表语从句的连词有 that，whether，as if；疑问代词有 who，what，which；疑问副词 where，why，when，how 等。考点四“疑问词ever”与“no matter 疑问词”的区别 “疑问词ever”与“no matter 疑问词”虽然都有“无论”的意思，但是用法有区别：“疑问词ever”既可以引导名词性从句也可引导状语从句，而“no matter疑问词只能用来引导状语从句。状语从句 考点一 时间状语从句 1表示时间的状语从句可以由 when，whenever，as，while，before，until，ever since，as soon as 等词引导。【温馨提示】when可表原因，意为“既然”。How can you expect to learn anything when you never listen?既然你什么也听不下去你怎么期望学东西呢？2as soon as，immediately，directly，instantly，the moment，the minute，the instant，no sooner.than.，hardly/scarcely.when.和 once(一就)这些从属连词引导的从句都表示从句的动作一发生，主句的动作随即就发生，常译为“一就”。从句中用一般时态代替将来时态。3no sooner.than 和 hardly.when 引导的从句表示“刚就”。主句中的动词一般用过去完成时，从句用过去时。若把 no sooner,hardly 提到句首，主句须倒装。考点二 条件状语从句 1通常由 if，unless 如果不，除非，as(so)long as 只要，in case“结果，万一”等连词引导。2由 on condition(that)；provided(that)；providing(that)(假若；倘使)；supposing(that)等引导的条件状语从句。考点三 地点状语从句 1通常由连词 where 和 wherever 引导，从句可位于主句之前，也可位于主句之后。2地点状语从句在句首时常兼有抽象条件意味。Where theres a will，theres a way.有志者事竟成。考点四 让步状语从句 1.由 although，though，as 引导的状语从句 although 和 though 同义，用法基本相同。前者较正式，多置于句首；后者较通俗、口语化。【温馨提示】as引导的让步状语从句多用于书面语，语序要倒装。Child as he is,he knows a lot.尽管他是个孩子，但是他知道得很多。2even if,even though 表示“即使，纵然”，有退一步设想的意味，多用于书面语中。3whether(.or)引导让步状语从句，提供两个或两个以上的假设。4由疑问词ever 引导让步状语从句。考点五 原因状语从句 原因状语从句常用 because,since,as,for 引导，还可用 now that(既然)，considering that.(考虑到)，not that.but that(不是因为而是因为)等引导。考点六 结果状语从句 结果状语从句由 so that,so.that,such that,such.that 等词引导。句中作定语可以代替指物词序一般是名词或名词可以代替指人词序是名词所代替的先行词是表示事物的名词或代词在从句中可作主语宾语等先行词既有人又有物时关系代词用代指前面整个句子内容这些词代替的先行词是表示人的名的先行词构成搭配表示所属关系表所属关系也可用考点三关系副词引导的定语从句关系副词在定语从句中作状语指时间指地点指原因在定语从句中分别作时间状语地点状语和原因状语先行词是时间名词或地点名词时如果在从句中不似地点的意义因此它们作先行词时如果引导词在从句中作状语那么这个引导词要用如果不作状语则用关系代词名词性从句考点一主语从句主语从句在主句中作主语位于主句谓语动词之前但多数情况下由作形式主语而把真正的主语放复合句专项练习 1.The school shop,_ customers are mainly students，is closed for the holidays.A.which B.whose C.when D.where 2.The old town has narrow streets and small houses _ are built close to each other.A.they B.where C.what D.that 3.Julie was good at German,French and Russian,all of _ she spoke fluently.A.who B.whom C.which D.that 4.Mother bought many tomatoes from the market two days ago,_ some have gone bad due to the bad weather.A.of those B.from which C.of which D.in which 5.As a teacher,I seldom give my students so difficult a problem _ they cannot work out.A.that B.if C.in order that D.as 6.It is still under discussion _ the old bus station should be replaced with a modern hotel or not.A.whether B.when C.which D.where 7.She is very dear to us.We have been prepared to do _ it takes to save her life.A.whichever B.however C.whatever D.whoever 8.Being angry is OK,but knowing how to tell someone _ made you angry is important.A.that B.which C.why D.what 9.In recent years,there has been a heated argument about _ it is necessary for children to learn English from an early age.A.whether B.if C.what D.that 10.The whole family were worried about Jane because no one was aware _ she had gone.A.that where B.of the place which C.of what D.of where 11.He had no sooner finished his speech _ the students started cheering.A.since B.as C.when D.than 12.As is reported,it is 100 years _ Qinghua University was founded.A.when B.before C.after D.since 句中作定语可以代替指物词序一般是名词或名词可以代替指人词序是名词所代替的先行词是表示事物的名词或代词在从句中可作主语宾语等先行词既有人又有物时关系代词用代指前面整个句子内容这些词代替的先行词是表示人的名的先行词构成搭配表示所属关系表所属关系也可用考点三关系副词引导的定语从句关系副词在定语从句中作状语指时间指地点指原因在定语从句中分别作时间状语地点状语和原因状语先行词是时间名词或地点名词时如果在从句中不似地点的意义因此它们作先行词时如果引导词在从句中作状语那么这个引导词要用如果不作状语则用关系代词名词性从句考点一主语从句主语从句在主句中作主语位于主句谓语动词之前但多数情况下由作形式主语而把真正的主语放13.No matter how _,it is not necessarily lifeless.A.a desert may be dry B.dry a desert may be C.may a desert be dry D.dry may a desert be 14.Having checked everything,he sat down to do his homework,_ he heard a lightening strike the electricity pole in the backyard.A.for B.when C.or D.but 15.If you are traveling _ the customs are really foreign to your own,please do as the Romans do.A.in which B.what C.when D.where 16.-Could you please cut the price a little?-Er._ you buy more than ten.A.even if B.so long as C.in case D.as soon as 17.It was foolish of you to take a taxi _ you could easily walk there in five minutes.A.though B.as long as C.so that D.when 18._ one is fully prepared,out door sports can sometimes mean injuries.A.Until B.Because C.When D.Unless 19.There she was,standing exactly _ I had left her,crying bitterly.A.when B.that C.where D.in which 20.The new teacher was so well organized that she began _ we stopped yesterday so that no point was left out.A.when B.in which C.how D.where 21.-Could you do me a favour?-It depends on _ it is.A.which B.whichever C.what D.whatever 22._ team wins on Saturday will go through to the national championships.A.No matter what B.No matter which C.Whatever D.whichever 23.-Its thirty years since we last met.-But I still remember the story,believe it or not,_ we got lost on a rainy night.A.which B.that C.what D.when 24.See the flags on top of the building?That was _ we did this morning.A.when B.which C.where D.what 句中作定语可以代替指物词序一般是名词或名词可以代替指人词序是名词所代替的先行词是表示事物的名词或代词在从句中可作主语宾语等先行词既有人又有物时关系代词用代指前面整个句子内容这些词代替的先行词是表示人的名的先行词构成搭配表示所属关系表所属关系也可用考点三关系副词引导的定语从句关系副词在定语从句中作状语指时间指地点指原因在定语从句中分别作时间状语地点状语和原因状语先行词是时间名词或地点名词时如果在从句中不似地点的意义因此它们作先行词时如果引导词在从句中作状语那么这个引导词要用如果不作状语则用关系代词名词性从句考点一主语从句主语从句在主句中作主语位于主句谓语动词之前但多数情况下由作形式主语而把真正的主语放25.A warm thought suddenly came to me _ I might use the pocket money to buy some flowers for my mothers birthday.A.if B.when C.that D.which 26.The factory was built in a secret place,around _ high mountains.A.which was B.it was C.which were D.them were 请做下面一组题：（1）Yesterday we visited a modern hospital,around _ some fruit shops.A.which is B.it is C.which are D.them are（2）The murder happened in an old building,beside _ the city police station.A.which are B.it is C.which is D.them are（3）Next month we ll move to a new building,next to _ a nice restaurant where we can have Chinese food.A.which are B.it is C.which is D.them are 27.A man with a bleeding hand hurried in and asked,“Is there a hospital around _ I can get some medicine for my wounded hand?”A.that B.which C.where D.what 28._ is known to everybody,the moon travels round the earth once every month.A.It B.As C.That D.What 比较下面一题：_ is known to everybody that the moon travels round the earth once every month.A.It B.As C.That D.What 再比较下面一组题：（1）_ is mentioned above,the number of the students in senior school is increasing.A.Which B.As C.That D.It（2）_ is mentioned above that the number of the students in senior school is increasing.A.Which B.As C.That D.It 29.Our company will move to a tall building _ has just been complete.A.which B.when C.how D.where 30.Our company will move to a tall building _ we worked two years ago.A.where B.when C.that D.which 句中作定语可以代替指物词序一般是名词或名词可以代替指人词序是名词所代替的先行词是表示事物的名词或代词在从句中可作主语宾语等先行词既有人又有物时关系代词用代指前面整个句子内容这些词代替的先行词是表示人的名的先行词构成搭配表示所属关系表所属关系也可用考点三关系副词引导的定语从句关系副词在定语从句中作状语指时间指地点指原因在定语从句中分别作时间状语地点状语和原因状语先行词是时间名词或地点名词时如果在从句中不似地点的意义因此它们作先行词时如果引导词在从句中作状语那么这个引导词要用如果不作状语则用关系代词名词性从句考点一主语从句主语从句在主句中作主语位于主句谓语动词之前但多数情况下由作形式主语而把真正的主语放附加题 1.David is such a good boy _ all the teachers like.A.that B.who C.as D.whom 比较下面一题：David is such a good boy _ all the teachers like him.A.that B.who C.as D.whom 请再做以下试题：It was not such a good dinner _ she had promised us.A.like B.that C.which D.as 2.The buses,most of _ were already full,were surrounded by an angry crowd.A.that B.it C.them D.which 请再做以下试题：（1）His house,for _ he paid$10,000,is now worth$50,000.A.that B.it C.them D.which（2）Ashdown forest,through _ we ll be driving,isn t a forest any longer.A.that B.it C.them D.which （3）This I did at nine o clock,after _ I sat reading the paper.A.that B.it C.them D.which 请再做以下试题：（4）George,with _ I played tennis on Sundays,was a warm-hearted person.A.that B.him C.them D.whom （5）Her sons,both of _ work abroad,will come back home this summer.A.that B.who C.them D.whom（6）I met the fruit-pickers,several of _ were still university students.A.that B.who C.them D.whom 3.He had thousands of students,many of _ gained great success in their own field.A.whom B.them C.which D.who 比较以下各题：（1）He asked a lot of questions,none of _ was easy to answer.A.which B.them C.what D.that 句中作定语可以代替指物词序一般是名词或名词可以代替指人词序是名词所代替的先行词是表示事物的名词或代词在从句中可作主语宾语等先行词既有人又有物时关系代词用代指前面整个句子内容这些词代替的先行词是表示人的名的先行词构成搭配表示所属关系表所属关系也可用考点三关系副词引导的定语从句关系副词在定语从句中作状语指时间指地点指原因在定语从句中分别作时间状语地点状语和原因状语先行词是时间名词或地点名词时如果在从句中不似地点的意义因此它们作先行词时如果引导词在从句中作状语那么这个引导词要用如果不作状语则用关系代词名词性从句考点一主语从句主语从句在主句中作主语位于主句谓语动词之前但多数情况下由作形式主语而把真正的主语放（2）He asked a lot of questions,and none of _ was easy to answer.A.them B.which C.what D.that（3）He told me that he had two girl-friends,neither of _ knew anything about the other.A.whom B.them C.which D.who（4）He told me that he had two girl-friends,and neither of _ knew anything about the other.A.them B.whom C.which D.who 4.He had a lot of friends,only a few of _ invited to his wedding.A.whom B.them C.which D.who 比较：（1）They put forward a lot of plans at the meeting,none of _ carried out in their work.A.which B.them C.what D.that （2）They put forward a lot of plans at the meeting,none of _ were carried out in their work.A.which B.them C.what D.that（3）They put forward a lot of plans at the meeting,but none of _ were carried out in their work.A.which B.them C.what D.that 5.On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park,_ parents seated together joking.A.their B.whose C.which D.that 比较以下相似题：（1）On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park,_ parents were seated together joking.A.their B.whose C.which D.that（2）On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park,and _ parents were seated together joking.A.their B.whose C.which D.that 句中作定语可以代替指物词序一般是名词或名词可以代替指人词序是名词所代替的先行词是表示事物的名词或代词在从句中可作主语宾语等先行词既有人又有物时关系代词用代指前面整个句子内容这些词代替的先行词是表示人的名的先行词构成搭配表示所属关系表所属关系也可用考点三关系副词引导的定语从句关系副词在定语从句中作状语指时间指地点指原因在定语从句中分别作时间状语地点状语和原因状语先行词是时间名词或地点名词时如果在从句中不似地点的意义因此它们作先行词时如果引导词在从句中作状语那么这个引导词要用如果不作状语则用关系代词名词性从句考点一主语从句主语从句在主句中作主语位于主句谓语动词之前但多数情况下由作形式主语而把真正的主语放（3）On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park,_ parents sitting together joking.A.their B.whose C.which D.that（4）On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park,_ parents sat together joking.A.their B.whose C.which D.that（5）On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park,_ parents were sitting together joking.A.their B.whose C.which D.that 6.If the man is only interested in your looks,_ just shows how shallow he is.A.as B.which C.what D.that 请再做以下试题：（1）If you promise to go with us,_ will be OK.A.as B.which C.and it D.that（2）If you want a double room,_ will cost another15.A.as B.which C.what D.that（3）Whether you go or not,_ is quite all right with me.A.that B.which C.and it D.so （4）When I say two hours,_ includes time for eating.A.as B.which C.what D.that 7.She says that she ll never forget the time _ shes spent working as a secretary in our company.A.which B.when C.how D.where 比较下面一组题：（1）She says that she ll never forget the time _ she works as a secretary in our company.A.which B.when C.how D.where（2）Our company will move to a tall building _ we bought last month.A.which B.when C.how D.where 句中作定语可以代替指物词序一般是名词或名词可以代替指人词序是名词所代替的先行词是表示事物的名词或代词在从句中可作主语宾语等先行词既有人又有物时关系代词用代指前面整个句子内容这些词代替的先行词是表示人的名的先行词构成搭配表示所属关系表所属关系也可用考点三关系副词引导的定语从句关系副词在定语从句中作状语指时间指地点指原因在定语从句中分别作时间状语地点状语和原因状语先行词是时间名词或地点名词时如果在从句中不似地点的意义因此它们作先行词时如果引导词在从句中作状语那么这个引导词要用如果不作状语则用关系代词名词性从句考点一主语从句主语从句在主句中作主语位于主句谓语动词之前但多数情况下由作形式主语而把真正的主语放