2016上海考研英语二真题及答案.docx

2016上海考研英语二真题及答案Section 1 Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points) Happy people work differently. Theyre more productive, more creative, and willing to take greater risks. And new research suggests that happiness might influence_1_firms work, too. Companies located in places with happier people invest more, according to a recent research paper._2_, firms in happy places spend more on R&D (research and development). Thats because happiness is linked to the kind of longer-term thinking_3_for making investments for the future. The researchers wanted to know if the_4_and inclination for risk-taking that come with happiness would_5_the way companies invested. So they compared U.S. cities average happiness_6_by Gallup polling with the investment activity of publicly traded firms in those areas. _7_enough, firms investment and R&D intensity were correlated with the happiness of the area in which they were_8_.But is it really happiness thats linked to investment, or could something else about happier cities_9_why firms there spend more on R&D? To find out, the researchers controlled for various_10_that might make firms more likely to invest like size, industry, and sales and for indicators that a place was_11_to live in, like growth in wages or population. The link between happiness and investment generally_12_even after accounting for these things. The correlation between happiness and investment was particularly strong for younger firms, which the authors_13_to “less codified decision making process” and the possible presence of “younger and less_14_managers who are more likely to be influenced by sentiment.” The relationship was_15_stronger in places where happiness was spread more_16_.Firms seem to invest more in places where most people are relatively happy, rather than in places with happiness inequality. _17_ this doesnt prove that happiness causes firms to invest more or to take a longer-term view, the authors believe it at least_18_at that possibility. Its not hard to imagine that local culture and sentiment would help_19_how executives think about the future. “It surely seems plausible that happy people would be more forward-thinking and creative and_20_R&D more than the average,” said one researcher. 1. A why B where C how D when 2. A In return B In particular C In contrast D In conclusion 3. A sufficient B famous C perfect D necessary 4. A individualism B modernism C optimism D realism 5. A echo B miss C spoil D change 6. A imagined B measured C invented D assumed 7. A Sure B Odd C Unfortunate D Often 8. A advertised B divided C overtaxed D headquartered 9. A explain B overstate C summarize D emphasize 10. A stages B factors C levels D methods 11. A desirable B sociable C reputable D reliable 12. A resumed B held Cemerged D broke 13. A attribute B assign C transfer Dcompare 14. A serious B civilized C ambitious Dexperienced 15. A thus B instead C also D never 16. A rapidly B regularly C directly D equally 17. A After B Until C While D Since 18. A arrives B jumps C hints D strikes 19. A shape B rediscover C simplify D share 20. A pray for B lean towards C give away D send out 1. 标准答案 Chow 考点分析 连词辨析 选项分析 根据语境，“新发现表明：快乐可能会影响工作_的稳定。”A 为什么 B 哪里 C 怎样，多么 D 当时候。根据语义分析，C 选项填入原文，译为“快乐可能会影响工作是有多么 稳定”，C 为正确选项。 2. 标准答案 BIn particular 考点分析 上下文语义以及短语辨析 选项分析 A 反过来 B 尤其是 C 相反 D 总的来说 根据前文语境，第二段第一句译为 “根据近期的研究，拥有更多快乐的人的公司会投资更多”。而第二句“_那些在快乐氛围中的 公司会做更多的研发以及发展。“第二句是在第一句的基础上进一步强调说明，因此 B 选项更符合语 境要求。 3. 标准答案 Dnecessary 考点分析 上下文语义及形容词词义辨析 选项分析 A 充足的 B 著名的 C 完美的 D 必要的 首先，根据本句题干 “Thats because happiness is linked to the kind of longer-term thinking 3 for making investments for the future.”译为“因为快乐与对未来投资有_长远考虑相联系。”要求填写形容词, 我们要考虑其搭 配与其修饰成分。空格处搭配介词 for, 并且修饰“长远考虑”。因此 D 选项最符合语境要求。 4. 标准答案 Coptimism 考点分析 上下文语义及名词词义辨析 选项分析 A个人主义 B 现代主义 C 乐观主义 D 现实主义 本题考查同后缀的名词辨 析。根据原文主旨，探讨“happy people”与公司的关系。那么，衡量四个选项，只有 C 选项符合主旨 要求。 5. 标准答案 Dchange 考点分析 上下文语义及动词词义辨析 选项分析 A发出回声 B 想念，错过 C 破坏 D 改变 根据原文语境，“would 5 the way companies invested.”本题考查动宾搭配，宾语为“公司投资的方式”只有 D 选项搭配最为合理。 6标准答案 Bmeasured 考点分析 上下文语义及动词词义辨析 选项分析 A想象 B 衡量，测量 C 发明 D 假定，设想 “So they compared U.S. citiesaverage happiness 6 by Gallup polling with the investment activity of publicly traded firms in those areas.”译为“他们把盖洛普咨询公司所_的美国城市平均幸福指数与该地区的上市公司投资活跃 度进行对比。” 根据原文语境，盖洛普咨询公司所做的应该是一个“既定事实”所以排除 ACD。因此， B 选项为最佳选项。 7.标准答案 ASure 考点分析 上下文语义及固定搭配 选项分析 A确信的 B 奇怪的 C 不幸运的 D 经常的 本题为固定搭配“sure enough” 译 为“足以肯定的是，” 8标准答案 Dheadquartered 考点分析 上下文语义及形容词词义辨析 选项分析 A广告的 B 划分的 C 课税过重的 D位于总部的 根据原文“ firms investment and R&D intensity were correlated with the happiness of the area in which they were 8 . ”译为“足以肯定 的是，公司投资与研发力度与公司_的幸福指数相关。”in which 引导表示地点的定语从句，先 行词为 area.对比四个选项，ABC 不足以说明此地点的真实含义。因此，D 选项，搭配前文 area,构成 “总部所在地”最为合理。 9标准答案 Aexplain 考点分析 上下文语义及动词词义辨析 选项分析 A解释 B 夸大 C 概述D重点强调 根据原文“or ould something else about happier cities 9 why firms there spend more on R&D?” A 选项 “explain”常和后文 “why” 搭配使用。10标准答案 Bfactors 考点分析 上下文语义及名词词义辨析 选项分析 A阶段 B 因素 C 等级D方法 根据原文语境“To find out, the researchers controlled for various 10 that might make firms more likely to invest like size, industry, and sales”本题 中，破折号后面 “大小，产业，销售”这些都是 “让公司有更多投资的”因素。因此，B 选项最符合 原文语境。 11标准答案 A desirable 考点分析 上下文语义和形容词 选项分析 该空填的是形容词，用来修饰前面的名词 place,并且在意义上也是对后面 like growth in wages or population 的解释，可以看出来应该是填褒义词，并且能修饰 place.所以只有Adesirable 合适的 符合文章。Bsocial 社交的 Creputable 受尊敬的 Dreliable 可依靠的。 12. 标准答案 Bheld 考点分析 上下文语义及动词词义辨析 选项分析 该句算是这一段的总结句，该段整体在述幸福与投资之间的关系，而这一 link 就 只能得出了，只有Bheld ”得出”符合语境。A resumed “重新开始”，C emerge “浮现”，D broke “破 坏”。 13标准答案 A attribute 考点分析 上下文逻辑关系以及动词词组辨析 选项分析该空是一个 which 引导的定语从句的谓语动词所在地，动词的宾语就是前面的主句， 强调“幸福与投资之间的关系尤其适用于新公司”这一结论与后面“所做决定会偏草率”之间的关系， 能看出是一个因果关系，因此答案选择Aattribute 与 to 搭配表示“归因于”，而Bassign to 表 示“指派”Ctransfer to“转移到”Dcompare to“与比较”均不符合题意。 14标准答案 D experienced 考点分析 上下文语义及形容词词义辨析 选项分析 此处很简单，前面有一个并列连词 and, 与前面的 young 一致修饰 managers,强调新 公司的领导年轻并缺乏经验，只有Dexperienced 最合适。 15. 标准答案 C also 考点分析 上下文逻辑关系以及副词词义辨析 选项分析前面说到了“年轻的新经理决策时更容易受情绪影响。”与后面的“这种关系在员工幸 福指数_的公司尤为明显。公司似乎乐于投资那些相对快乐的员工所在的部门，而不是那些不快 乐的部门。”之间很明显是一种递进关系，所以只有Calso 合适。 ” 16. 标准答案 Dequally 考点分析 上下文语义及副词词义辨析 选项分析 这题是考察副词修饰 spread, 但是更要注意的是该句“这种关系在员工幸福指数_ 的公司尤为明显。公司似乎乐于投资那些相对快乐的员工所在的部门，而不是那些不快乐的部门。” 中该空与后面的 inequality 形成复现关系，所以很容易判断出答案选择Dequally。 17. 标准答案 C while 考点分析 上下文逻辑关系 选项分析 该题是典型的考察上下文逻辑关系的题目，因此着力点应该放在上一段和这一段之间 的关系。这一段第一句明确说出“这并不证明是幸福导致公司大量投资”，所以两句话之间是一 个转折关系，选择 while. 18. 标准答案 Chints 考点分析 上下文语义及动词词义辨析 选项分析 该题可以看出是考察动词与 at 的固定搭配，arrive at 是“到达，抵达”，jump at 是“扑 向；欣然接受”hint at 是“暗示” strike at 是“袭击，攻击”，文章中的 at least 和 that possibility 论证了这 是一种可能，只有 hint at 有这层含义。 19. 标准答案 Ashape 考点分析 上下文语义及动词词义辨析 选项分析 根据上下文应该选一个“影响”未来看法含义的动词，B是“再发现”C是“使简化， 使单纯”D是“分享”所以可以均可以排除，A 是“塑造，形成，影响”，所以 A 项是最佳答案。 20. 标准答案 Blean towards 选项分析 上下文语义及动词词组词义辨析 考点分析 本空考察动词词组，且该词组词义应与 and 前面意思保持一致，且作用对象为研发。 Apray for 祈祷 Blean towards 倾向 Cgive away 放弃，泄露 Dsend out 放出，给予。只有B 选项能表达一种递进含义。 【全文翻译】 快乐的人工作起来会有不同。他们更多产，更有创造力，也更愿意去冒险。近期的一项研究表 明快乐也可能会影响公司的工作。 根据近期的研究报告，在各地的公司里，拥有更多快乐的员工会投入的更多。尤其是那些在快 乐氛围中的公司会做更多的研发以及发展。因为快乐与对未来投资有必要的长远考虑相联系。这是 因为对未来进行投资需要作出长远决策，而这种决策与快乐相关。 研究者希望了解乐观精神和随快乐而来的冒险精神是否会改变公司投资的方式。因此，他们把 盖洛普咨询公司所评估出的美国城市平均幸福指数与该地区的上市公司投资活跃度进行对比。 足以肯定的是，公司投资和研发力度与公司总部所在地的幸福指数相关。但是幸福真的与投资 相关吗？或者说幸福指数更高的城市的其他方面能够说明公司为何加大研发投入。为了弄清这一点， 研究者掌握了多种可能促使公司投资的因素，例如规模，产业，销售，也掌握了各种指标，如适宜 居住地，工资涨幅及人口变化。了解这些问题后，幸福与投资的关系就能够轻松得出了。幸福与投资之间的关系尤其适用于新公司，这是因为新公司所做决定会偏草率，而且年轻的新 经理决策时更容易受情绪影响。同样，这种关系在员工幸福指数相同的公司尤为明显。公司似乎乐 于投资那些相对快乐的员工所在的部门，而不是那些不快乐的部门。 然而这并不证明是幸福导致公司大量投资，或者从长远的角度来讲，研究人员认为至少它预示 着这种可能性。不难想象，本地文化以及情感有助于影响高管对于未来的看法。“快乐的人比普通人 有预见性、创造力、更善于研发这种说法似乎更可信。”一位研究者说。 Section Reading Comprehension Part A Directions：Read the following four texts. Answer the questions after each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points) Text 1 Its true that high-school coding classes arent essential for learning computer science in college. Students without experience can catch up after a few introductory courses, said Tom Cortina, the assistant dean at Carnegie Mellons School of Computer Science. However, Cortina said, early exposure is beneficial. When younger kids learn computer science, they learn that its not just a confusing, endless string of letters and numbers but a tool to build apps, or create artwork, or test hypotheses. Its not as hard for them to transform their thought processes as it is for older students. Breaking down problems into bite-sized chunks and using code to solve them becomes normal. Giving more children this training could increase the number of people interested in the field and help fill the jobs gap, Cortina said. Students also benefit from learning something about coding before they get to college, where introductory computer-science classes are packed to the brim, which can drive the less-experienced or-determined students away. The Flatiron School, where people pay to learn programming, started as one of the many coding bootcamps thats become popular for adults looking for a career change. The high-schoolers get the same curriculum, but “we try to gear lessons toward things theyre interested in,” said Victoria Friedman, an instructor. For instance, one of the apps the students are developing suggests movies based on your mood. The students in the Flatiron class probably wont drop out of high school and build the next Facebook. Programming languages have a quick turnover, so the “Ruby on Rails” language they learned may not even be relevant by the time they enter the job market. But the skills they learn how to think logically through a problem and organize the results apply to any coding language, said Deborah Seehorn, an education consultant for the state of North Carolina.Indeed, the Flatiron students might not go into IT at all. But creating a future army of coders is not the sole purpose of the classes. These kids are going to be surrounded by computers in their pockets, in their offices, in their homes for the rest of their lives. The younger they learn how computers think, how to coax the machine into producing what they want the earlier they learn that they have the power to do that the better. 21. Cortina holds that early exposure to computer science makes it easier to_. A. complete future job training B. remodel the way of thinking C. formulate logical hypotheses D. perfect artwork production 22. In delivering lessons for high-schoolers, Flatiron has considered their_. A. experience B. academic backgrounds C. career prospects D. interest 23. Deborah Seehorn believes that the skills learned at Flatiron will_. A. help students learn other computer languages B. have to be upgraded when new technologies come C. need improving when students look for jobs D. enable students to make big quick money 24. According to the last paragraph, Flatiron students are expected to_. A. compete with a future army of programmers B. stay longer in the information technology industry C. become better prepared for the digitalized world D. bring forth innovative computer technologies 25. The word “coax” (Line4, Para.6) is closest in meaning to_. A. challenge B. persuade C. frighten D. misguide 答案： Text 1 21 答案 B remodel the way of thinking.解析：此题是文中人物观点题。根据 Cortina 定位到第二段前三句。Cortina 认为尽早 接触计算机科学是有益的。第三句 Its not as hard for them to transform their thought processes as it is for older students. 译为在转变思维程序方面小孩不像年龄较大的学生一 样困难，即 B remodel the way of thinking 转变思维方式即为同义替换。 22 答案 D interest 解析：此题是细节题。根据关键词 Friedman 定位到第四段第二句 but 之后引号里面 内容“我们试图让课程符合学生兴趣”，故而 D interest 为正确答案。 23 答案 A help students learn other computer languages 解析：文中人物观点题。题干问的是 Deborah Seehorn 认为在 Flatiron 这里所学到的 技能将能怎么样，据此定位到第五段 But 处，和题干基本一致，该句指出“But the skills they learnappl to any coding language”，意思是他们学到的技能可以应用于任何编码语 言。对比答案选项，A 选项的意思是“帮助学生学习其他的计算机语言”属于原文定位处 的同义替换。 24 答案 C become better prepared for the digitalized world 解析：细节题。题干指出：根据最后一段，Flatiron 的学生被期望去干什么。据此定 位到最后一段的 These kids are going to be 处，是题干的同义复现。定位句“These kids arebe surrounded by computers for the rest of their lives. The younger they learn how computers think.the better.”，意思是学生们越早学越好。C 选项“为数字化的未来做 更好的准备”是同义概述。 25 答案 B persuade 解析：词义句意题，结合上下文来解题。根据 coax 此单词，定位到最后一段最后一 句“how to coax the machine into producing what they want”，考察固定搭配 “persuadeinto”。A 选项挑战，B 选项劝服，C 选项使恐慌，D 选项误导。考生做题 时一定要注意结合上下文来推测生词的词义，这是命题人的出题 规律。 Text 2 Biologists estimate that as many as 2 million lesser prairie chickens-a kind of bird living on stretching grasslandsonce lent red to the often gray landscape of the midwestern and southwestern United States. But just some 22,000 birds remain today, occupying about 16% of the species historic range. The crash was a major reason the U.S Fish and Wildlife Service （USFWS）decided to formally list the bird as threatened. “The lesser prairie chicken is in a desperate situation,” said USFWS Director Daniel Ashe. Some environmentalists, however, were disappointed. They had pushed the agency to designate the bird as “endangered,” a status that gives federal officials greater regulatory power to crack down on threats. But Ashe and others argued that the“threatened” tag gave the federal government flexibility to try out new, potentially less confrontational conservations approaches. In particular, they called for forging closer collaborations with western state governments, which are often uneasy with federal action and with the private landowners who control an estimated 95% of the prairie chickens habitat. Under the plan, for example, the agency said it would not prosecute landowner or businesses that unintentionally kill, harm, or disturb the bird, as long as they had signed a rangewide management plan to restore prairie chicken habitat. Negotiated by USFWS and the states, the plan requires individuals and businesses that damage habitat as part of their o