期中语法复习讲义牛津译林版英语七年级下册.docx

7下语法期中复习（Unitl-4）一、数词（-）基数词构成及读法1、1-12为独立的单词，有其各自的形式one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve2、 13-19 都以 teen 结尾 thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, sixteen, seventeen, eighteen, nineteen3、20-90 之间的“整十”都以 ty 结尾 twenty, thirty, forty, fifty, sixty, seventy, eighty, ninety4、20-99之间的“几十几”，先说“几十”,再说“几”,且中间加连词符。如：22 twenty-two, 49 forty-nine, 94 ninety-four5、101-999之间的非整百的基数词读法为：百位数和十位数（或个位数）之间用and连接。如：608 six hundred and eight, 732 seven hundred and thirty-two6> 四位数及以上的基数词读法6、千位以上的基数词的读法为：三位数以内的数+million,三位数以内的数+thousand7、 注意 four,fourteen, forty, nine, nineteen,ninety 的拼写（二）基数词的部分用法1、表顺序。由单数名词+基数词，此时名词和基数词第一个字母大写。如：Class One, Room Five, Lesson Ten, Page 108, No. 9 Middle School2、确数与概数的表达基数词 + hundred, thousand, million, billion+ 名词复数 如：六百个学生 six hundred students短语：hundreds of thousands of , millions of , billions of +名词的复数意为 数以百/千/百万/十亿 计的如：Thousands of visitors have come to Hangzhou in the last two weeks.注意：two hundred of the students意为”学生中的两百个”3、another+基数词+名词复数=基数词+more+名词复数 表示再增加一定的数量，意思是“再、 又、还。如：He ate another two cakes. = He ate two more cakes.他又吃了两块蛋糕。We need one more hour to finish the work.我们还需要一小时来完成工作。=We need another hour to finish the work（三）序数词的构成1、第一到第三需逐个记忆first, second, third2、第四到第十九，特殊的是：fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth.其余都由相应的基数词加-th构成。3、20-90之间“第几十”的序数词由相应的基数词去掉y加-ieth构成。如：twentieth, thirtieth, fortieth, fiftieth, sixtieth, seventieth, eightieth, ninetieth4、21-99之间的“第几十几”的序数词，前面的十位数用基数词，后面的个位用序数词，中间用连词 符连接。（四）序数词的用法：1、序数词表顺序时，前要加定冠词the,有物主代词或名词所有格不需要加the.如：The second picture is very beautiful.第二幅图很漂亮。Today is grandma's（nine） birthday.He is always the first(come) to school in our class.2、表示日期，如：2009年7月6日 July 6 ,20093、序数词前面可以加a/an,不强调顺序，表示“另一个，再一个”(1) He lives on(seven) floor.(2) The(twenty-nine) Olympic Games took place in Beijing.(3) Father's Day is the(three) Sunday in June.(4)Please turn to Page and look at the picture, (five)(5)Now, everyone, please turn to Page and look at the picture.A. Twelve, fifthB. Twelfth, fifthC. Twelve, five D. Twelfth, five(6)There are students doing morning exercises on the playground , and the students comefrom Class Two.A . thousands of, three hundredB . thousands , three hundred ofC . thousands of, three hundred ofD . thousand of, three hundred of(7)一How many friends will come to your birthday?一About.A. fifteen; fifteenB. fifteenth; fifteenthC. fifteen; fifteenthD. fifteenth; fifteen(8)How old is your son ?He is, but we*ll have a party fbr his birthday next month .A. eight; nine B. eight; ninthC . eighth ; nineD . eighth ; ninth二、simple future tense with will and shall一般将来时1 .当将来一定会发生的事或已经计划好的事用will.We will have a charity show next week.2 . be going to更侧重于计划打算或可能即将发生的事。It is so cloudy. I think it is going to rain.tomorrow (moming/aftemoon.next Tuesday/week/month.this afternoon./Sunday.in +段时间(用 how soon 提问)段时间+later, the coming Sunday.the day after tomorrow, in the future, soon, tonight4.使用一般将来时的注意点：l)be going to结构后面习惯上不跟g。,come等表位移的动词，一般用该动词的进行时形式表示；2)Shall I /we .?常用来表示建议，其肯定回答常常用sure, OK, all right, good idea等；3)Will/ Would you please (not) do.?常用来问对方是否愿意，或者表示客气的建议与邀请；4)主语为第一人称的一般将来时态疑问句中，助动词只能用shall不能用will,而在口语中陈述句里, 一般用will代替shall.5)由if, when等词引导的状语从句中，表示将来发生的动作须用一般现在时。6)“There be”句型的一般将来时：A. There will be .B. There is/are going to be .1 -There will a fashion show next Sunday.a model in the future.-Cool ! I love fashion shows a lot. Pd like toA. be; beB. have; haveC. be; haveD. have; be2 .There a basketball match tomorrow morning in our school hall.A basketball match ? Thafs great.A. isB. is going to beC. hasD. will havea parents* meeting on Tuesday afternoon, isn't there?Yes. But my parents don't have time fbr it.A. will haveB. will beC. is going to have D. is going to be4. -What you（do） tomorrow ?-I'm going to visit my grandparents .5. There a parents' meeting next week, will there?三、物主代词和名词所有格表示从属关系的：“.的”1、构成1）单数名词词尾加-&2）以s结尾的复数名词直接在词尾加工不以s结尾的在词尾加§3） -of结构，多用于无生命的名词4）双重所有格-名词+o计名词所有格/名词性物主代词2、使用名词所有格的注意点：1）若两人共有某物，用A and B!se.g. Mrs. King is Lucy and Lil/s mother.2）若两人分别拥有某物,用A，sandB，se.g. These are Lucy's and Lily*s beds.3）表示时间、距离、国家、城市的名词，加飞构成所有格e.g. today's newspaper five minutes, walk4）特殊所有格（t。的所有格一般有唯一性,）e.g. the key to the door 门的钥匙 the answer to the question 问题的答案 the way to the park 去公园的路四、物主代词人称主格宾格形容词性物主代词名词性物主代词Imemymineweusouroursyouyouyouryours»theythemtheirtheirshehimhishissheherherhersitititsits使用物主代词的注意点：对物主代词的提问用whose;名词性物主代词是单数还是复数取决于它所指代的名称； of+名词性物主代词常用作后置定语；匚物主代词与指示代词this, that Jhese, those，及冠词a, an, the不能同时修饰名词。口形容词性物主代词位于名词前，用作定语，限定该名词的意义.名词性物主代词在句中充当主语，宾语或表语相当于“形容词性物主代词+名词、后面不能再跟名 词。()1 -Is thisnew notebook, Jane?No, it isn*t. Maybe it*s .A. your; hisB. yours; hisC. your; himD. yours; him()2 - Why are you buying so much food?一 An old friend of is coming to see her this evening.B. mine C. my mother5D. my mother's()3-Is this your bedroom, Kitty?-No, ifs my bedroom, not .A. parents; my B. parents9; mine C. parents*; my D. parents; mine()4. This is bedroom. Its small but comfortable.A. Linda's and Millie'sB. Linda's and MillieC. Linda and Millie*sD. Linda and Millie五、冠词一).不定冠词的用法：1、用于可数名词单数前，表示某一类人或事物，泛指。This is a ruler. 这是尺。 He5s a student. 他是学生。2、表示“每一”。He writes to his father once a week.他每周写一次信给他父亲。3、表示“一个”，但数的概念没有。ne强。There's a tree on the hill.山上有颗树。4、指某类人或事物中的任何一个。An elephant is bigger than a horse. 象比马大。5、首次提到的人或物。I looked up and saw a plane.我抬头看见 了 一架飞机.6、与可数名词连用位于what, such之后，表示感叹，或强调程度What a surprise!真是让人吃惊。7、用在序数词前面表示“再一次，又一次工The cakes are very nice and I want to eat a third one.这蛋糕很好吃，我想再吃一块。8、用于某些固定词组中。a lot of a bithave a resthave a coldhave a good time, a number of -二）.定冠词的用法1、特指某（些）人或某（些）事物。The book on the desk is mine.桌上的书是我的。2、指双方都知道的人或事物。Open the door, please. 请开门。3、用在世界上独一无二的事物，方位，左右前。the east东,the west西,the right右,the left左The sun is bigger than the moon. 太阳比月 亮大。但这些名词作为描绘性定语时，可用不定冠伺I。Look! A red sun is rising.4、用在序数词和形容词最高级前，但如果序数词或最高级前已有物主代词修饰，则不能再加the.The first island is the biggest of the three .第一个岛屿是三个中最大的。5、用在用普通名词构成的党派，国家等专有名词以及江河、海洋、山脉、群岛、海峡、海湾等专 有名词前。They will visit the Great Wall next week.他们下周参观长城。6、用在形容词前表示一类人，the +形容词指的是一群人，是一种复数含义，所以其后动词应用复数 形式。the old老年人the rich有钱人7、用在姓名复数形式前表示一家人。The Smiths have moved to London.史密斯一家已经搬去伦敦了。8、用在某些习惯用语中和单词前。in the morning, on the left, the day before yesterday, all the same, the number of,the country/countryside, the same, the only -9、弹奏西方乐器前面要用定冠词；Play the piano/violin/guitar10、用在逢十的复数数词之前，指世纪中几十年代in the 1870s十九世纪七十年代，三）.零冠词即不用冠词的情况：1、专有名词（如人名、地名国家名称）和不可数名词前表示泛指;或一般概念China, Class OneSnow is white.雪是白的。比较：The snow in the yard is very thick.院子里的雪很厚。2、泛指的复数名词前；Books are my best friend.3、在星期、月份、季节、节日前；on Monday, in March, in Summer, at Christmas4、一日三餐、球类、棋类、学科、民族、国家、语言名词前have breakfast, play basketball, maths, in English5、职务、头衔、称呼前；Doctor, I am not feeling well.6、名词前已有指示代词、物主代词时；7、一些习惯用语中：go to school/work/bed; at noon/night; on foot; by bike/bus /train/plane;listen to music1 .-Where's the local theatre?-It's east of the park, just in front of the post office.A. the; the B. /; theC. the; /D. /; /2.I miss film "Operation Red Sean! Oh, what a pity. It*s wonderful film.A. a; theB. the; aC. a; aD. the; the3.一Do you know how to spell word "miaow” in English?Yes. It begins with "m”.A. the; aB. the; anC. a; theD. the; the4. Here is watch Dad bought me . I think it's useful thing to me.A. the; aB. the; an C. a; aD. a; an六、感叹句-）感叹句的类型LWhat + a/an+形容词+可数名词单数（+主语+谓语）！2 .What+形容词+可数名词复数/不可数名词（+主语+谓语）！3 .How+形容词/副词（+主语+谓语）！二）如何确定用what或how圈出主谓，看前面剩余部分。如果是名词或者名词短语，选择what相关内容，再看需不需要相 应的冠词；如果是形容词或者副词，选择How.注意不可数名词如food,work,information, fun,weather,music等前面不能加冠词。1 .exciting news report! Our class came first in the football match.A. What an B. What a C. What D. How2 . interesting story!excited you are! May I have a look at it?A.What a; How B. How an; What C. How a; What D. What an; How3 .多么又去的故事啊！story this is != this story is !六、方位介词in, on, at, by, beside,next to ,between, between-and-, in the centre of ,near, inside, outside, under, over, below, above, to , from, from-to-, in front of,behind, in the front of, across, through, past, on the other side of ,on the left/right of -,in/to the east/west/south/north of-among1 > in the tree/ on tree, in the wall/ on the wall, in bed/ on the bed, in the lake/ on the lake 等几组词语的区 别;2、over 与 above、on 的区别；3、between 与 among 的区别；4、at 与 beside、next to> near 的区别；5、in front of 与 in the front of 的区别；6、across 与 through> past 的区别；7、in the east of 与 to the east of 的区别七、反意疑问句反意疑问句又叫附加疑问句，由陈述句加简短附加问句构成，用以要求对方证实所述之事。前 一部分是对事物的陈述伊13陈述句），后一部分是简短的提问（即省略的一般疑问句），包括两个词即动 词与主语，主语与陈述句一致，但须用相应的人称代词，动词是与陈述句部分一致的助动词、be动 词或情态动词。当陈述部分为肯定时，疑问部分用否定，动词须与not构成缩略形式，当陈述部分为 否定时，疑问部分则用肯定形式。2 .注意点1）若陈述部分含有seldom, hardly, never, few, nothing等否定词或半否定词，其疑问部分要用肯式； 如：He has few friends here, does he?2）若陈述部分含有带否定前缀的词，疑问部分仍用否定式；如：It is impossible, isn't it?3）当陈述部分为为there be句型时，疑问部分仍用there作“主语'如：There is nothing in the room, is there?4）当陈述部分的主语是复合不定代词时，若陈述部分的主语为somebody, someone, everyone, everybody, no one, nobody等复合不定代词，其反意疑问句的主语在正式文体中用he,在口语或非正 式文体中通常用they；如：Nobody was late, were they?5）当陈述部分的主语是something, anything, nothing, everything等复合不定代词时，其反意疑问句的 主语要用it；如：Everything is ready, isn't it?6）祈使句的疑问部分通常用will you,当祈使句为Let、时，疑问部分总是用shall we；如： Come with us, will you?Lefs go there together, shall we?Don't forget to post the letter, will you?7）当陈述部分为I think （believe, suppose） that等时，疑问部分通常与从句保持一致（注意否定的转 移）；如：I don't think he will come, will he?8）回答前否后肯句时，事实是肯定的用yes,事实是否定的用no.如：-Fred didn't go shopping yesterday, did he?.He bought a lot of food for his son.A. Yes, he did. B. No, he didn't. C. Yes, he didn't. D. No, he did.