直接引语和间接引语的用法及练习题(附答案).docx

直接引语和间接引语的用法引述别人的话有两种方式：一是使用引号引出人家的原话，这叫做直接引语；一是用自己 的话把人家的话转述出来，这叫做间接引语。例如：John said, "I'm going to London with my father."约翰说：“我要和父亲到伦敦去。"(引号内是直接引语)John said that he was going to London with his father.约翰说，他要和他父亲去伦敦。(宾语从句是间接引语)由直接引语变为间接引语，分以下情况：1 .直接引语是陈述句时间接引语为that引导的宾语从句(口语中that可以省略)，主句的引述动词主要有say ,tell, repeat, explain, think 等。He said , “You are younger than l.H-'He said (that) I was younger than him.2 .直接引语是疑问句时间接引语为陈述语序：主句的谓语动词say改为ask,或改为wonder, d。not know, want to know, be not sure, be puzzled 等。(1) 一般疑问句或反意疑问句变为if (whether)引导的宾语从句。She said, nDo you often come here to read newspapers?11一She asked me if (或 whether)! often went there to read newspapers.She asked me , "You have seen the film, haven*t you?”一She asked me whether(或 if )1 had seen the film.(2)选择疑问句变为whether.or宾语从句。I asked him, “W川 you stay at home or go to a film tonight?',一I asked him whether he would stay at home or go to a film that night.特殊疑问句变为由原来的疑问词引导的宾语从句。He asked , "Where do you live?11一He asked me where I lived.3.直接引语是祈使句时间接引语为不定式，作ask , tell, beg, order, warn, advise等动词的宾语补足语(don't变 为 not ).The teacher said to the boy, "Open the window.”一The teacher told the boy to open the window.His father said to him , “Don't leave the door open.">His father told him not to leave the door open.注意(1)有些表示建议、提议、劝告或要求的祈使句，可以用suggest,insist等动词加以转 述。例如：He said, nLet's go to the theatre/'一He suggested (our )going to the theatre.或 He suggested that we(should) go to the theatre.(2) "Would you mind opening the window?” he asked.一He asked me to open the window."Why don*t you take a walk after supper?" he asked .一he advised me to take a walk after supper."Shall we listen to the music?" he asked.He suggested listening to the music.4 .直接引语是感叹句时间接引语为what或how引导，也可以用that引导。She said, "What a lovely day it is !"一She said what a lovely day it was .或 She said that it was a lovely day.5 .如果主句谓语动词为各种现在时或一般将来时，则间接引语中的动词仍保持直接引语原来时态。如果主句谓语动词为过去时，间接引语中的动词时态按下列变化：(1) 一般现在时变为一般过去时He said “I am angry.vHe told me that he was angry.(2)现在进行时变为过去进行时(3) 一般将来时变为过去将来时（4）现在完成时变为过去完成时（5） 一般过去时变为过去完成时Mr. Green said to them, “Joe told me all about his story when he asked for a job. ”Mr. Green told them Joe had told him all about his story when he asked for a job.（6）过去完成时不变，仍为过去完成时注意（1）如果直接引语是表示客观真理时，变为间接引语，一般现在时不改为一般过去时。如：The teacher said MThe earth goes round the sun."一The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.（2）如果直接引语中有明确表示过时间的状语，变为间接引语时，一般过去时不改为过 去完成时。如：He said to me, "I was born in 1973.”>He told me that he was born in 1973.如果直接引语所述事实在当时和目前同样生效，变为间接宾语时，一般现在时不改为一 般过去时。如：He said, "Pm a boy, not a girl.”一He said that he is a boy ,not a girl.如果直接引语中的谓语动词表示一种反复出现或习惯动作，在变为间接引时，一般现在 时不改为一般过去时。如：The girl said, "I get up at six every morning/1一The girl said that she gets up at six every morning.如果直接引语中含有since, when, while引导的表示过去时间的状语从句，在变为间接 引语时，只改变主句中的谓语动词，从句的一般过去时则不变。如：He said to me, "I have taught English since he came here一He told me that he had taught English since he came here.（6）如果直接引语中含有情态动词must, need, had better以及情态动词的过去式could, might, should, would,在变为间接引语时，这些情态动词没有时态的改变。例如：The teacher said to me . "You must pay more attention to your pronunciation.H一The teacher told me that I must (have to ) pay more attention to my pronunciation.He said , "I could swim when I was only six J一He said that he could swim when he was only six.6.代词等一般地应作用相应的变化，变化方法见下表。指示代词thisthesethesethose表示时间的词nowthentodaythat daythis week(month ,etc)that week (month ,etc)yesterdaythe day beforelast week(month ,etc)the week(month ,etc) beforethree days (a year ,etc) agothree days (a year, etc) beforetomorrowthe next (following ) daynext week (month ,etc)the next (following ) week (month ,etc)表地点的词herethere动词bringtakecomego如何变人称：学生在将直接引语变间接引语时。常常弄不清人称变化。下面有一句顺口溜“一随主。二随 宾，第三人称不更新”。“一随主”是指在直接引语变间接引语时，如果从句中的主语是第一 人称或被第一人称所修饰。从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化如：She said. "My brother wants to go with me. "一She said her brother wanted to go with her.“二随宾”是指直接引语变间接引语时，若从句中的主语及宾语是第二人称。或被第二人你所 修饰。从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致。如果引号外的主句没有宾语。也可以 用第一人称，如：He said to Kate. "How is your sister now?”一He asked Kate how her sister was then。“第三人称不更新”是指直接引语变间接引语时。如果从句中的主语及宾语是第三人称或被第三人称所修饰从句中的人称一般不需要变化如：Mr Smith saido "Jack is a good worker。"一Mr Smith said Jack was a good worker。练习题1. He said: " I' ve left my book in my room. ” -A2. She said: " He will be busy. ” -A3. . She said to Tom, “ Can you help me? ” -A4. She asked, “Is this book yours or his?” 5. . The teacher asked, “ how did you repair it? ” -A6. The teacher said to the students, "Don' t waste your time. ” -A7. The mother said, “Tom, get up early, please.v -A8. . The teacher said, “ The earth goes round the sun.v -A9. My father said, “Practice makes perfect. -A10. The boy said to us, “ I usually get up at six every day. ” -A11. He said, “ We are still students/ -A12. He said to me, “I was bom in 1978.” >13. The engineer said, “I was at college in 1967.” -A14. He said, “I have studied English since I was a boy.” -A15. She said, “I read the book while I was waiting for a bus. -A16. Mr. Green said to them, “Joe told me all about his story when he asked for a job. ” 17. He said, “We insisted that she start immediately. -A18. . She said, “ He demanded that the girl leave at once” -A19. I said to him, “I have finished it.”20. She said to us, a I' 11 come here tomorrow. -A21. “Where does your chemistry teacher live, Karen?v the young man asked.22. “I have gained the first place in the mathematics competition,n the little boy said happily.23. “ Light travels faster than sound, “ the physics teacher said to the boys and girls.24. “Will you go to the concert with me this evening?v Mary asked me. 25. . “ What did you do here yesterday? ” the old man asked my brother.直接引语变间接引语专练题（二）1. He askedfor the computer.A. did T pay how much B. I paid how muchC. how much did I pay D. how much I paid2. “Have you seen the film?” he asked me. f He asked me.A. had I seen the film B. have I seen the filmC. if I have seen the film D. whether I had seen the film3“Please close the window,“ he said to me.f He me the window.A. said to; to close B. told to; closingC. asked ; to close D. said to; please close4. “ I am a teacher, “ Jack said, f He said.A. that I am a teacher B. I was a teacherC. that he is a teacher D. he was a teacher5. He said, uMother, the boy is very naughty.v f He - very naughty.A. said his mother that the boy wasB. said to his mother that the boy isC. told his mother that the boy wasD. spoke to his mother that the boy was6"You've already got well, haven't you?” she asked, f She asked.A. if I have already got well, hadn't youB. whether I had already got wellC. have I already got well D. had I already got well.7. He asked , “ Are you a Party member or a League member?” f He asked me.A. am I a Party member or a League memberB. was I a Party member or a League memberC. if I was a Party member or a League memberD. whether was I a Party member or a League member.8. He asked, “How are you getting along?” f He asked.A. how am I getting alongB. how are you getting alongC. how I was getting alongD. how was I getting along答案1. He told me that he had left his book in his room.2. She said that he would be busy.3. She asked Tom if /whether he could help her.4. She asked me whether that book was mine or his.5. . The teacher asked me how I had repaired it.6. The teacher told the students not to waste their time.7. . The mother asked Tom to get up early.8. The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.9. My father said practice makes perfect.10. The boy told us he usually gets up at six every day.11. He said they are still students.12. He told me that he was born in 1978.13. The engineer said he was at college in 1967.14. He said he had studied English since he was a boy.15. She said she had read the book while she was waiting for a bus.16. Mr. Green told them Joe had told him all about his story when he asked for a job.17. He said they （had） insisted that she start immediately.18. She said he demanded that the girl leave at once.19. I told him I had finished it.20. She told us she would come here tomorrow21. The young man asked Karen where her chemistry teacher lived.22. The little boy said happily that he had gained the first place in the mathematics competition.23. The physics teacher told the boys and girls that light travels faster than sound.24. Mary asked me if / whether I would go to the concert with her that evening.25. The old man asked my brother what he had done there the day before. 答案与简析：1 .D宾语从句要用陈述句语序。2. D 一般疑问句要变成whether或if引导的宾语从句.3. C直接引语为祈使句，变间接引语时，主句中的谓语动词往往根据直接引语的口气换用ask （请求）tell （告诉），order （命令），invite （邀请）,warn （警告），advise （建议）等,而直接引语中 的谓语动词要变成动词不等式。即 ask/tell/order/invite/warn/advise sb. （not） to do sth. 4. D 直接引语为陈述句，变间接引语时用that引导（口语中常省略）。反意疑问句要变 成whether或if引导的宾语从句。7. C选择疑问句要变成whether或if引导的宾语从句。 8. C直接引语为特殊疑问句，变间接引语时，用特殊疑问词引导，并将疑问句语序变为陈述 句语序。