2023届江苏省南通市如皋市高考适应性考试（二）英语试题（解析版）.docx

2023年高考适应性考试（二）英语试题注意事项:L答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。2 .回答选择题时,选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动,用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上指定位置, 在其他位置作答一律无效。3 .本卷满分为150分，考试时间为120分钟。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分：听力（共两节，满分30分）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节（共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项,并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一 小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1 .【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Where does the conversation probably take place?A. At a shoe shop.B. At a clothes shop.C. At a paint shop.【答案】B【解析】【原文】W: Can I help you, sir?M: Yes, do you have this shirt in size M? In the same blue color please. It matches my shoes well.2 .【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】What does the man suggest the woman do?A. Make more friends.B. Try harder at work.C. Have a positive attitude.【答案】C【解原文】 M: Eventually, you'll be old like me, Helen. Now, you have less responsibility so enjoy it.You could even try some scientific experiments to produce more energy from the throw-away wasted. Either way, the hedgehogs will thank vou.24. What does the underlined word “discarded- mean in paragraph 1?A. Processed.B. Recycled.C. Deserted.D. Preserved.25. Why do hedgehogs try to eat so many pumpkins in early November?A. To enjoy the sweet food.B. To fill their stomachs.C. To prepare for the winter.D. To improve their health.26. What is paragraph 4 mainly about?A. The additional nutrients in the leftover pumpkins.B. The damages of candles and plastic in the pumpkins.C. The attraction of the rotting leftovers to some wildlife.D. Further explanation of the effect of leftover pumpkins.27. What are people advised to do with the leftover pumpkins after Halloween?.A. Stop leaving your pumpkins in the woods.B. Keep your beautiful pumpkin creations at home.C. Feed the hedgehogs with the leftover pumpkins.D. Bury the pumpkins leftover deep under the ground.【答案】24.C25. C 26. D 27. A【解析】【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章谈论了万圣节后剩下的南瓜丢弃到树林里所产生的不良影响，建议人们不 要把南瓜丢弃到树林里。【24题详解】词句猜测题。划线词句前文 u A worrying rise in social media posts, suggesting that people leave their Halloween pumpkins in the woods to feed wildlife after October 31, has made wildlife experts concerned.（社交媒体上有越来 越多的帖子建议人们在10月31日之后把万圣节南瓜丢到树林里喂野生动物，这让野生动物专家感到担忧。）” 说明有很多万圣节南瓜丢弃在了树林里，从而推知划线词句"Thousands of pumpkins are discardedin woods across Britain.（成千上万的南瓜被discarded在英国各地的树林里。）”中划线词汇意思应为“丢弃”。故选 C项。【25题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中 “One of the main issues is that the leftover of the Halloween pumpkins are often eaten by already struggling hedgehogs（刺猬）.In early November, hedgehogs are looking to gain as much weight as possible to survive their winter hibernation.（其中一个主要问题是，万圣节南瓜的剩余部分经常被已经在挣扎 的刺猬吃掉。在11月初，刺猬会尽可能地增重以度过冬眠期。）”可知，刺猬在11月初吃那么多南瓜是为 冬天做准备。故选C项。【26题详解】主旨大意题。根据第四段中“Moreover, leftover Halloween pumpkins can contain candles and plastic decorations which can also be fatal to wildlife if mistakenly eaten. The rotting leftover can also attract less popular wildlife, such as rats, to an area. According to The Woodland Trust, the additional nutrients in the pumpkins can negatively affect the soil balance as well.（此外，万圣节剩下的南瓜可能含有蜡烛和塑料装饰品，如果被误食，对野生动物也 是致命的。腐烂的剩菜还会吸引不太受欢迎的野生动物，如老鼠，来到一个区域。林地信托基金会表示， 南瓜中额外的营养物质也会对土壤平衡产生负面影响。）”可知，本段主要对剩余南瓜的不良影响作进一步 解释。故选D项。【27题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段中 “While well-meaning pumpkin carvers might think they are doing the local animals groups a kindness, leaving your leftover jack-o7-lantern in the woodland is actually doing more harm than good.（虽 然好心的南瓜雕刻者可能认为他们是在为当地的动物群体做一件好事，但把你剩下的南瓜灯丢弃到森林里 实际上是弊大于利。）”和最后一段"So what should you do with your beautifully carved pumpkin creation after October 31? Most experts recommend composting （堆月R） it yourself at home if you can, or asking if a local farm will accept it as a donation. You could even try some scientific experiments to produce more energy from the throw-away wasted.（那么，在10月31日之后，你应该如何处理雕刻精美的南瓜呢？大多数专家建议，如果 可以的话，可以自己在家里堆肥，或者询问当地农场是否接受捐赠。你甚至可以尝试一些科学实验，从浪 费的垃圾中产生更多的能量）”推知，文章建议人们不要把万圣节后剩下的南瓜丢弃到树林里。故选A项。CThe rapid pace of global warming and its effect on habitats raise the question of whether species are able to keep up so that they remain in suitable living conditions. Some animals can move fast to adjust to a quickly changing climate. Plants, being less mobile, rely on means such as seed dispersal （传播）by animals, wind or water to move to new areas, but this redistribution typically occurs within one kilometer of the original plant. Writing in Nature, Juan P. Gonzalez-Varo sheds light on the potential capacity of migratory birds to aid seed dispersal.Gonzalez- Varo and colleagues report how plants might be able to keep pace with rapid climate change through the help of migrating birds. They analyzed an impressive data set of 949 different seed-dispersal interactions between bird and plant communities, together with data on entire fruiting times and migratory patterns of birds across Europe.The authors hypothesized （假定）that the direction of seed migration depends on how the plants interact with migratory birds, the frequency of these interactions or the number of bird species that might transport seeds from each plant species.Perhaps the most striking feature of these inferred seed movements is the observation that 35 percent of plant species across European communities, which are closely related on the phylogenetic tree （系统进化树），might benefit from long distance dispersal by the northward journey of migratory birds. This particular subset （|、组）of plants tends to fruit over a long period of time, or has fruits that persist over the winter. This means that the ability of plants to keep up with climate change could be shaped by their evolutionary history - implying that future plant communities in the Northern Hemisphere will probably come from plant species that are phylogenetically closely related and that have migrated from the south.This study provides a great example of how migratory birds might assist plant redistribution to new locations that would normally be difficult for them to reach on their own, and which might offer a suitable climate.28. Why are the rapid pace of global warming and its effect mentioned in Paragraph 1? A. To call on the public to help with seed dispersal.B. To show the threat of climate change on our nature.C. To provide the background of Gonzalez-Varo's research.D. To explain why some animals can adapt to climate change.29. How did Gonzalez-Varo and his colleagues conduct the research?A. By analyzing related data.B. By conducting field research.C. By observing migrating birds.D. By reviewing previous findings.30. What can be inferred from Paragraph 4?A. The evolutionary history of different plants proves to be similar.B. Almost all plant species gain benefits from long-distance dispersal.C. Plants with longer fruiting times adapt better when transported farther.D. Plant communities in different hemispheres will be less and less related. 31. What is the passage mainly about?A. Different ways to redistribute plants to new climates.B. Impacts of climate change on migratory birds and plants.C. Plants are struggling to keep pace with the climate change.D. Migratory birds aid redistribution of plants to new climates.【答案】28.C29. A 30. C 31. D【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了 和其同事研究发现，候鸟通过传播重字帮 助植物在新的气候条件下重新分布。文章解释了研究开展的过程以及研究的发现。【28题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段 “The rapid pace of global warming and its effect on habitats raise the question of whether species are able to keep up so that they remain in suitable living conditions. Some animals can move fast to adjust to a quickly changing climate. Plants, being less mobile, rely on means such as seed dispersal （传播）by animals, wind or water to move to new areas, but this redistribution typically occurs within one kilometer of the original plant. Writing in Nature, Juan P. Gonzalez-Varo sheds light on the potential capacity of migratory birds to aid seed dispersal.（快速的全球变暖及其对栖息地的影响提出了一个问题，即物种是否能够保持在适宜的生存条件下。 有些动物能够快速移动以适应快速变化的气候。植物的流动性较差，依靠动物、风或水等方式传播种子到 新的地区，但这种重新分配通常发生在原始植物的一公里内。Juan P. Gonzalez-Varo自然杂志上撰文，阐明了候鸟帮助种子传播的潜在能力）”结合下文对Juan P. Gonzalez-Varo的研究过程和结果的介绍可推知， 第一段提到了全球变暖的速度如此之快以及其影响是为了提供Gonzalez-Varo研究的背景。故选C。【29题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段 “They analyzed an impressive data set of 949 different seed-dispersal interactions between bird and plant communities, together with data on entire fruiting times and migratory patterns of birds across Europe.（他们分析了一组令人印象深刻的数据，其中包括鸟类和植物群落之间949种不同的种子传播相互作 用，以及全欧洲鸟类的整个结果时间和迁徙模式的数据）”可知，Gonzalez-Varo和他的同事通过分析相关数 据进行这项研究。故选A。【30题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段 u Perhaps the most striking feature of these inferred seed movements is the observation that 35 percent of plant species across European communities, which are closely related on the phylogenetic tree （系 统进化树），might benefit from long distance dispersal by the northward journey of migratory birds. This particular subset （4、组）of plants tends to fruit over a long period of time, or has fruits that persist over the winter. This means that the ability of plants to keep up with climate change could be shaped by their evolutionary history implying that future plant communities in the Northern Hemisphere will probably come from plant species that are phylogenetically closely related and that have migrated from the south.（也许这些推断的种子运动最显著的特征是 观察到，在欧洲群落中，在系统发育树上密切相关的35%的植物物种可能受益于候鸟向北的长途传播。这 种特殊的植物子集倾向于在很长一段时间内结果，或者在冬天保持果实。这意味着植物适应气候变化的能 力可能取决于它们的进化史一一这意味着北半球未来的植物群落可能来自于系统发育密切相关的植物物种, 这些植物是从南方迁移过来的）”可推知，结果期较长的植物在运输到更远的地方时适应得更好。故选C。【31题详解】主旨大意题。通读全文，并结合最后一段 “This study provides a great example of how migratory birds might assist plant redistribution to new locations that would normally be difficult for them to reach on their own, and which might offer a suitable climate这项研究提供了一个很好的例子，说明候鸟如何帮助植物重新分布到它们自己 通常很难到达的新地方，并且可能提供合适的气候）”可知，这篇文章主要讲的是候鸟帮助植物在新的气候 条件下重新分布。故选D。DDo you play video games? If so, you aren't alone. Video games are becoming more common and are increasingly enjoyed by adults. The average age of gamers has been increasing and was estimated to be 35 in 2016. Changing technology also means that more people are exposed to video games. A new breed of casual gamers has come, who play on smart phones and tablets at spare moments throughout the day. But do they have any effect on our brains and behavior?Over the years, the media have made various claims about video games and their effect on our health and happiness. "Games have sometimes been praised or demonized, often without real data backing up those claims. Moreover, gaming is a popular activity, so everyone seems to have strong opinions on the topic J says Marc Palaus, who with his colleagues wanted to see if any trends had appeared from the research to date concerning how video games affect the structure and activity of our brains. They collected the results from 116 scientific studies, 22 of which looked at structural changes in the brain and 100 of which looked at changes in brain functionality and behavior.The studies show that paying video games can change how our brains perform, and even their structure. For example, playing video games affects our attention, and some studies found that gamers show improvements in several types of attention, such as sustained attention or selective attention. Video games can also be addictive, and this kind of addiction is called "Internet gaming disorder”. Researchers have found functional and structural changes in the neural reward system in gaming addicts. These neural changes are basically the same as those seen in other addictive disorders.So, what do all these brain changes mean? "We focused on how the brain reacts to video game exposure, but these effects do not always translate to real-life changes J says Palaus. As video games are still quite new, the research into their effects is still in its babyhood.32. What factor causes a new breed of casual gamers to appear?A. Video games become more and more attractive.B. The pressure from work becomes bigger and bigger.C. Modern adults are usually very curious about new things.D. The advanced technology makes games easily accessible.33. What does Palaus's research mainly focus on?A. What effects video games have on gamers' brains.B. Which brain regions are affected by video games.C. How video games affect health and happiness.D. Why video games influence gamers? brains.34. According to the research, why do some gamers get addicted to video games?A. Because their memory systems are disturbed.B. Because their sustained attention is improved.C. Because their neural reward systems are changed.D. Because the inner structure of their brain is changed.35. What can we learn from the last paragraph?A. Addiction to video games will effect our daily life.B. The influence of video games needs a further study.C. There should be certain laws to regulate video games.D. Video game exposure brings harm instead of benefits.【答案】32.D33. A 34. C 35. B【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。电子游戏越来越受人们欢迎，文章主要介绍了一项主要关注于电子游戏对玩家 大脑影响的研究表明，一些游戏上瘾者沉迷于游戏是因为他们的神经奖励系统改变了。【32题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中u What factor causes a new breed of casual gamers to appear?（不断变化的技术也意 味着更多的人接触电子游戏。）”可知，先进的技术使游戏更容易获得，这导致了新一代休闲游戏玩家的出 现，故选D。【33题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中 u.Marc Palaus, who with his colleagues wanted to see if any trends had appeared from the research to date concerning how video games affect the structure and activity of our brains.（MarcPalaus和他的同事们想看看迄今为止的研究中是否出现了关于电子游戏如何影响我们大脑结构和活动的趋 势。）”可知，Marc Palaus的研究主要集中于电子游戏对玩家大脑的影响。故选A。【34题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中 uResearchers have found functional and structural changes in the neural reward system in gaming addicts.（研究人员发现，游戏成瘾者的神经奖励系统在功能和结构上都发生了变化。）”可 知，研究发现，一些游戏上瘾者沉迷于游戏是因为他们的神经奖励系统改变了。故选C。【35题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段中 “As video games are still quite new, the research into their effects is still in its babyhood.（由于电子游戏仍然相当新，对其效果的研究仍然处于婴儿期。）”可推知，电子游戏的影响还需要 进一步研究。故选B。第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选 项。Your Brain Was Made For WalkingIf a president, a legendary philosopher, and one of the bestselling authors of all time credited the same secret for their success, would you try to follow it too? What if the secret was something you already knew how to do?36.Get walking! It9s not just some people who made a case for it as a prime creativity booster. 37 A Stanford University study found that participants were 81 percent more creative when walking as opposed to sitting. According to the study, walking outside-versus on a treadmill-produces the most novel and highest quality analogies in participants who walked and then sat down to do creative work.The movement aspect of walking is obviously key. You've probably heard the phrase "Exercise your creativity”, which refers to the brain as muscle. Our creative mindset is stimulated by physical movement. 38But the sceneiy is almost as important as the sweat. The National Human Activity Pattern Survey reveals that Americans spend 87 percent of th