法宝05 定语从句-备战2023年高考英语抢分秘籍（原卷版）（全国专用）.docx

目录考点汇总二知识梳理三真题回顾四名校模拟题法宝05定语从句考点汇总年份试卷所考题型所占分值所考知识点2022全国甲卷关系代词1.5who关系副词0全国乙卷关系代词1What-which关系副词02021全国甲卷关系代词0关系副词0全国乙卷关系代词0关系副词0知识梳理定义I.定语从句起形容词的作用，在句中修饰一个名词或代词。被修饰的词叫做先行词，引导定语从句的词叫 关系词，他的作用一是放在先行词与定语从句中间起了连接作用，二是在从句中担当一个成分，并与先行 词保持数的一致。关系词先行词从句成分例句备注关系代词who人主语Do you know the man who is talking with your mother?whom, which和that在从句中做宾语时，常可 以省略，但介词提前时后面关系代词不能省 略，也不可以用thatwhom人宾语Mr. Smith is the person with whom I am working The boy (whom) she loved died in the war.whose人，物定语I like those books whose topics are about history. The boy whose fatherworks abroad is my desk mate.that人，物主语宾语A plane is a machine that can fly.She is the pop star (that) I want to see very much.which物主语宾语The book (which) T gave you was worth $ 10.The picture which was about the accident was temble.as人，物主语宾语He is such a person as is respected by all of us.This is the same pen as I lost yesterday.as做宾语一般不省略关系副词when时间时间状语I will never forget the day when we met there.可用 on whichwhere地点地点状语This is the house where I was born.可用 in whichwhy原因原因状语I can't imagine the reason why he turned down my offer.可用 for whichII.as与which的区别:定语从句区别例句限制性 定语从 句中名词前有such和the same修饰时，关系代词用as,不能用whichHe is not such a fool as he looks.Don't read such books as you can't understand.非限制 性定语 从句中as和which都可以指代前面整个主句。如果有“正如，象”的含义， 并可以放在主句前，也可以放在后面，那么用as；而which引导的 从句只能放主句后，并无“正如”的意思。They won the game, as we had expected.They won the game, which we hadn't expected.As is well known, he is a famous film star in the 1980s.III.限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别:类别语法意义及特征例句限制性 定语从 句对先行词起修饰限制作用，如果去掉，主句意思就不完整明确，这 种从句与主句的关系十分密切，写时不用逗号分开。The accident happened at the time when I left.非限制性定语从句对先行词作附加的说明，与主句的关系不十分密切，较松散。从句 和主句之间用逗号分开，相当于一个插入语，不能用that引导，关 系代词做宾语时也不能省略。His mother, whom he loved deeply, died ten years ago.一、考点聚焦1、功能：相当于形容词，修饰名词或代词，在句中作定语2、位置：定语从句置于被修饰词之后Those who are willing to attend the party, sign here please.3、先行词：被定语从句修饰的词称为先行词(1)先行词一般是名词和不定代词,如:some-, any-, every-和no与-boy, -thing的合成词；或all、none> any> some、that、those等代词。数词也可以作先行词，人称代词也同样可作先行词。(2)先行词与关系词是等量关系。必须注意两点：先行词在从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的数由先行词而定。This is the place which is worth visiting.关系词在从句句子中充当了成分，其意思就是先行词的意义，所以在从句中不能重复其意。There are many places we can visit (them) in China.4、关系词：引导定语从句的都称关系词关系代词：who, whom, which, that, whose, aso关系副词：when, where, whyo that偶尔也作关系副词。5、确定关系词的步骤(1)先找关系词，看先行词指的是什么。(2)看关系词在从句中所充当的成分。6、在定语从句中，当先行词指物时，下列情况的关系词宜用that而不用which(1)先行词被形容词最高级 序数词 数词 only、any、few> little> no> all、one of等修饰时。(2)先行词为 all、much> little> none> few、one> something、anything 等不定代词时。(3)先行词中既有人又有物时。 He was looking pleasantly at te children and parcels that filled his bus.(4)先行词在主句中作表语关系词在从句中作表语时。The village is no longer the one that was 5 years ago.(5)当主句中含有疑问词 which 时。 Which are the books that you bought for me ?7、宜用which而不用that的情况(1)在非限制性定语从句中(2)在关系词前有介词时(3)当先行词本身是that时(4)当关系词离先行词较远时8、关系词who与that指人时，也有不同情况分别用不同的关系词(1)当主句是there be句型时，关系词用who。(2)先行词是为 anyone、those、someone> everyone> one 等词时，关系词用 who。(3)当主句是who作疑问词时，关系词用that。Who is that girl that is standing by the window?(4) whom在从句中只作宾语，可被who取代。9、whose作关系词既指人又指物，在从句中作定语。如：Do you know Mr. Smith whose story is very moving?There is a room, whose window faces the river.There is a room, the window of which faces the river.10、关系代词as,在从句中作主语、宾语和表语。(1)先行词被such和the same修饰，或句型as many (much)中，从句都用as引导。Such books as you bought are useful. The school is just the same as it was 10 years age.注意：区别such . that .引导的结果状语从句。They are such lovely children that we love them much .the same . that.弓 | 导定语从句。I want to use the same tool that you used just now.（2）无先行词的定语从句用as和which引导。区别：意义上：as含有“这点正如一样”。位置上：as从句可置句首，也可在另处。He didn't pass the exam, as we had expected.There is lots of air in loose snow, which can keep the cold out.As is known, the earth is round, not flat.11 > 关系副词 when 与 where、why、thatwhen 指时间 =in / at / on / during whichwhere 指地点 =in / at / from / whichwhy 指原因 =for which当先行词为way、day> reason、time时,可用that作关系副词。（非正式场合）I don't like the way that / in which / he talks.当time作先行词时，关系词可以省掉。This is the first time I have given you a lesson in French.12、必须注意的问题（1）关系词作主语时，从句中谓语的数。（2）注意区别定语从句与强调句。定语从句中关系词作从句成分，复合句。强调it无意义，that/who不是引导词。强调it is / was和that / who后如果句子意思讲得通则是强调句，讲不通则不是。It is the museum that / which we visited last year.（定t吾从句）It was in the hotel that we stayed last night.（强调句）（3）定语从句与同位语从句的区别。定语从句引导词被称为关系词，that充当主语、宾语、表语。有时可省略。同位语从句引导词被叫做连词，that不能充当任何成分，不可省。Word came that their army was defeated.（同位语）We expressed to them our wish that was the same as their.（定语）（4）关系词在从句中省略的情况。关系词作宾语，前无介词时。关系词作表语。（5）限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的翻译。（6）关系词前有介词或复杂介词，关系词只能是which和whom。（7）几个特殊的定语从句句型：He is the only one of the students who has got very good marks in the match.（句中 one 为先彳亍词）He is one of the students who have got good marks in the match.（句中 students 为先彳亍词）Is this place the one （that） we visited yesterday? Is this the place （that / which） we visited yesterday?He stood at the window, from where he could see what was happening.It may rain, in which case the match will be put off.真题回顾一 2022高考真题1. （2022 年浙江卷语法填空）Kim Cobb, a professor at the Georgia Institute of Technology in Atlanta, is one of a small but growing minority of academics 36 are cutting back on their air travel because of climate change.2. （2022 年全国甲卷语法填空）On the 1,100. Kilometer journey, the man Cao Shengkang, 62 lost his eyesight at the age of eight in a car accident, crossed 40 cities and counties in three province.3. （2022 年全国乙卷短文改错）They often run at high speeds, what may put our lives in danger.4. （2022 年全国高考新高考 I 卷语法填空）The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species65 live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the area.5. （2022 年北京卷）That includes cups, bottles, and bags, most of 37 are only good for one use.二2021高考真题1 . （2021 年新高考 II 卷）1 decided that if I learned of a company 39 used a lot of plastic, Fd send it an email urging it to cut back.2 .（2021 年天津卷）William Hastie once suggested that history informs us of past mistakes we can learnwithout repeating them.A. from which B. in whichC. with whom D. for whom3 . （2021 年天津卷）At the Chinese art festival, there are different stands artists demonstrate their skillsand teach the visitors.A. where B. whichC. thatD. when4 .（2021 年浙江 1 月卷）BMI is an internationally recognized measurement tool 37 gives an indication of whether someone is a healthy weight.三 2020高考真题1. （2020 年全国 I 卷）Because the moon's body blocks direct radio communication with a probe, China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot 63 it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth.2. （2020 年江苏卷）Many lessons are now available online, from students can choose for free.A. whoseB. whichC. whenD. whom3. （2020 年天津卷）Dr. Rowan,secretary resigned two weeks ago, has had to do all his own typing.A. whoseB. of whomC. of whichD. which4. （2020 年新课标UI卷）In ancient China lived an artist 61 paintings were almost lifelike.1. （云南省昆明市云南师范大学附属中学2022-2023学年高三上学期适应性月考）The project is the brainchild of co-founders Michael Farid, Kale Rogers, Brady Knight and Luke Schlueter, 62 came up with the idea while studying at MIT.2. （江苏省苏州市 2022-2023 学年高三期初考试英语试题）Essentially, it is a world of endless, interconnected virtual communities 40 people can meet, work and play, using virtual reality headsets, smartphone apps orother devices.3. （湖南省长沙市长郡中学2022-2023学高三上学期月考卷）Just like all popular tourist attractions in China, it is very crowded during peak seasons and national holidays, during 57 time reservations are a must.4. （湖南省长沙市雅礼中学2022-2023学年高三上学期月考）This has allowed some older members of society, 40 had missed out on education in their younger days, to go back to school.5. （河北省保定市2022-2023学年高三9月份考试英语试题）Some experts recommend applying a cold compress （冷敷）to the affected area,60 will reduce swelling more 61 less.6. （北京市八一学校2022-2023学年高三暑期学习反馈英语试题）Students might become addicted to phones, 13 has a bad impact on their study. Whafs worse, too much screen time does great harm to students' eyes.7. （北京交通大学附属中学2022-2023学年高三上学期开学诊断练习）Their feet also have a layer of thick fur, 16 helps cover footsteps.8. （2023届河南省洛阳市洛阳创新发展联盟高三摸底考试）In order to encourage people 65（take）online training, the ministry will provide subsidies （补助金）for the workers 66 receive online training.9. （2022 届浙江省山水联盟高三 5 月联考）A Thousand Splendid Suns is just a wonderful book. It was written by Khaled Hosseini, 36 is also the author of The Kite Runmer.10. （2022届浙江省衢州第二中学高三上学期英语第一次模拟考试）Things hit new extremes last year with the Camp Fire,40 caused 85 deaths and burned more than 150,000 acres.11. （2022届浙江省高三上学期百校秋季开学联考）A person 41struggles with a video game addiction may feel as though they cannot put the game down.12. （2022届浙江省北斗星盟高三下学期5月适应性联考）The findings suggest something is special in thehippocampus （海马体）一a region of the brain38 supports memory and helps to regulate appetite.13. （2022届广西柳州市柳江中学高考模拟英语试题）Wang was joined on Shenzhou 13 by Ye Guangfu and Zhai Zhigang, 66 commanded the mission.考查定语从句。句意：神舟13号的任务中，叶光福和翟 志刚也加入了王亚平的行列，翟志刚指挥这次任务。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为ZhaiZhigang, 指人，从句缺少主语，应用who引导。故填who。14. （2022-2023 学年北京市八一学校高三暑期学习反馈）Students might become addicted to phones, 13 has a bad impact on their study. What's worse, too much screen time does great harm to students' eyes.15. （2022届北京师范大学附属中学高三英语5月热身试题）The answer is yes. Chinese TV drama Awakening Age, which narrates the story of how the Communist Party of China （CPC） was founded in 1921, ended several months ago, but it remains a hot topic on social media, discussion shows that it has played a positive role in educating young people about China's revolutionary history.16. （2022 年陕西榆林语法填空）In China, chopsticks are called kuaizi. 7 is a word made up of characters meaning quick and "bamboo”. The English word "chopsticks“ may come 8 a common phrase that means "quickly chop”.17. （2022 年宁夏石嘴山语法填空）Chen Wenqiaochu set 1 example when he was 14. He performed CPR （心肺复苏术）on a cleaner at his school,2 （save） the man's life in 2013. Chen showed that knowinghow to perform CPR can be 3 （benefit）, According to medical experts, there is a "golden period"，the first four minutes of a heart attack. 4 CPR is most effective in saving the person's life.18. （2022内蒙古集宁二中三模语法填空）Space holidays will develop in the future, but these holidays won't be for everyone because they are 4 （expensive） than holidays on the earth. Short space trips will develop first, then the space hotels will go around the earth 5 it will be possible to have a longer vacation.19. （2022陕西长安一中模拟预测短文改错）This was just WeChat's first move invite more global celebrities, said Zhu Liqun, which leads the marketing department.20. （2022 年河南鹤壁高中模拟预测短文改错）The lady was 91-year-old Pamela Youde whose husband was the late Sir Edward Youde, which served as the governor of Hong Kong between 1982 and in 1986.