Unit7学案2022-2023学年人教版八年级英语下册.docx

所属年级：初二学员姓名：辅导科目：英语学科教师:课程主题：八下Unit7授课时间:I掌握本单元出现的一些重点词汇】重要句型，并能灵活运用 学习目标 2. 了解世界自然和地理的话题研究3.掌握形容词和副词比较级和最高级变化规则的语法教学内容一、重点词汇【知识梳理】1. 1 .achieve v.达到；完成；成功He will never achieve anything if he doesn't work harder.如果他不加紧努力工作，他会一事无成。 【拓展】achievement n.成就；成绩We felt a great sense of achievement when we reached the top of the mountain.当我们到达山顶的时候，我们有一种巨大的成就感。2. southwestern adj.西南的；西南方向的Is this Southwestern Airline?这是西南航空公司吗？3. include v.包含；包括Her hobbies include swimming and gardening. 她爱好游泳和园艺。4. condition n.条件;状况The piano was in good condition.这台钢琴状况良好。5. take in吸入；容纳Fish take in oxygen through their gills. 鱼用鲤吸氧气。【拓展】take off起飞；脱下；动身；匆匆离开take place发生；进行；举行；产生take notes记笔记；做笔记；记录；作笔记take photos照相，拍照；摄影6. succeed v.实现目标；成功If you try hard you'll succeed.你如果努力就会成功。【搭酉己succeed in doing sth.Police have finally succeeded in solving the mystery.警察最终成功破解了 这个疑案。【辨析】success n.既做可数名词也做不可数名词。当其作可数名词时，意思为成功，胜利，成名。【搭配】success in sth/doing sth做不可数名词时，意思为，成功的人或事，make a success of sthosucceed v.达到目的,实现目标【搭配】succeed in doing sthsuccessful adj.达到目的；成功的【搭配】be successful in sth/doing sth7. challenge v. & n.挑战；考验The job doesn't really challenge him.这项工作不能真正的考验他。The new government's first challenge is the economy.新政府面临的第一个挑战是经济问题。12. A. people B. cities C. languages D. places13. A interesting B. true C. long D. same14. A. England B. Germany C. farm D. home15. A. think B. see C. remember D. read3. What*s the most important thing for you to have in your life? Somebody mentions hard-work, others suggest knowledge, love and luck.If you arrange（升F歹U） the 26 English letters in order and use numbers to represent each of them, for example, 1 for a, 2 fbr b, 3 for c. 26 fbr z, you can change an English word into a number. So hard-work becomes 8+1+18+4+23+15+18+11=98, meaning 98 is its mark. Knowledge: 11 + 14+15+23+12+5+4+7+5=96, love: 12+15+22+5=54, and luck: 12+21+3+11=47, a small mark. None of these words can give one a full mark. What about money? It can't, either.Then what else? Don't be worried. You can always find an answer to a problem in your life, when you change your way of looking at things or doing things, or your attitude. Yes, attitude is the word. See for yourself: attitude: 1+20+20+9+20+21+4+5=100, a full mark.Different attitudes lead to different courses of life. Most time people hope for a better life. It is possible that they will have a better life if they change their attitudes. When you change your manner and became friendly towards others, you'll meet more smiling faces towards you. In the same way, if you take a positive attitude towards failure, you'll find it's also rewarding（有益的）though it has caused you losses（损失）. 1. The writer thinks is the most important thing in a person's life. A. hard-work B. knowledge C. money D. attitude2. What is the mark of the word money according to the passage?A. 73. B. 72. C. 75. D. 62.3. According to the passage, if you meet with problems, the best way is toA. ask for help from others B. hope to be lucky C. change your attitude D. try math-solving ways4. From the passage we can learn thatA. different attitudes come from different courses of lifeB. sometimes failure can bring you good if you take a positive attitudeC. math can solve every problem easily in our daily lifeD. none of the English words except nattituden is 100 or more 4.假如你是光明中学的一名学生，上周五一些加拿大朋友到你校参观，校长向他们介绍了你校十五年 来的变化，主要包括三个方面:1.学校环境2交通方式;3.校园活动。请你就此事写一篇100词左右的英文 报道。5. Everyone needs friends. Friends bring us happiness and hope in our lives. But the ability to make friends changes from person to person. To some people, making friends is easy, and to others it's very difficult.Making friends is a skill, and the first thing is to know how to get along with others.If you have trouble in making friends, maybe I can tell you how to do it. Realize your own good points. You have skills and talents that others will like. Believe that you are a good person and have something nice to share with others. Be humorous. Learn to laugh at yourself and your weakness. Remember to smile to others. Respect others. Everyone has his own idea. Learn how to listen to others* ideas without trying to make them accept yours. Be kind. If you are kind to others, they will usually be kind to you. There are hundreds of littlethings you can do to show kindness. Open the door for someone. Wave to a friend and so on. Don't complain. Learn to accept what you can't change, and work hard to change what you can. No one is willing to hear your complaining all the time. Never give up. Even if you are faced with some closed-minded people, never give up. And try to find someone who will understand you.1. Why do we need friends according to the passage?A. Friends can do everything for usB. Friends can bring us happinessC. Friends accept our ideas all the timeD. Without friends we could not live2. What's the first thing we should learn in order to make friends?A. To help othersB. To smile to othersC. To listen to others* complaintsD. To get along with others3. Which of the following shows a sense of humor?A. Opening the door for someoneB. Complaining to others all the timeC. Laughing at ourselves and our weakness D. Finding someone who will understand us 4. Which is the best title?A. What makes good friends B. How to make friends C. What happiness means D. How to be friendly8. in the face of面对（困难、问题等）In the face of difficulties, he completely unafraid, 他在困难面前毫不胆怯。9. population n.人口；全体居民Bangladesh now has a population of about 110 million.孟加拉国现有大约1.1亿人口。10. protect.from.保护。以防。11. risk one's lives冒着生命危险12. live up to达到高标准；不辜负；实行；履行year.ave not lived up to expectations this year.今年的销售额不尽如人意。Had he lived up to his promise, he would have made a fortune in sponsorship money. 要是他遵守了诺言的话，他本应该已经从赞助费中赚了一大笔钱了。13. Endangered adj.快要绝种的endangered species 濒危物种14. remainingadj.剩余的，剩下的v.剩余，剩下（remain的现在分词）；保持；停留，逗留The United States has withdrawn the remaining staff from its embassy.美国已经撤回了大使馆的剩余人员。Stir in the remaining ingredients.倒入余下的配料并搅匀。15. die from illnesses 死于疾病【例题精讲】例 1. The window is two s meters in size.例 2. Of all the mountains, Qomolangma rises（ high）.例 3. At birth, the baby w 3. 5 kilos.彳列 4. It's midnight, but I am not asleep, I am still a彳列 5 . One of the world's（ dangerous） sports is mountain climbing.【巩固练习】1. This is an（ 古老的）parable.2. Many t visit the Great Wall every year.3. If you try hard, you will（成功）.4. It's our duty to（ 保护）the environment.5. . Yunnan lies in the（ 西南的）part of China.二、语法与词汇【知识梳理】1. Fell free to ask me anything on today's Great Wall tour.在今天的长城游中，大家尽管问我任何问题，不要拘束。【用法】fell free是英语口语中一个常用表达。若有人让你feel free to do something,就是让你无需拘束， 只管按照自己的意愿去做某事。A: Can I use your bathroom?我可以用一下你的卫生间吗？B: Yes, feel free.可以，请随意。2. As far as I know, there are no man-made objects as big as this.据我所知，再没有像它这样大的人造物体了。【用法】as far as I know是一个固定的表达方式，还可以说so far as I know,意思是“据我所知”。As far as I know, Jack9s got twin sisters.就我所知，杰克有一对李生姐妹。They're not coming today, so far as I know.他们今天不来了-就我所知是这样的。3. One of the world's most dangerous sports is mountain climbing, .世界上最危险的运动之一就是爬山。【用法】"one of + the +形容词的最高级+复数名词”，意为“最之一”。Miss Wang is one of the most popular teachers in our school.王老师是我们学校最受欢迎的老师之一。4. It is also very hard to take in air as you get near the top.、当你到达顶端的时候，呼吸是非常困难的。【搭配】It is + adj. to do sth., it作形式主语放在句首，而把真正的主语放在句尾。【拓展】常用于此句型的形容词有 important, difficult, dangerous, necessary, useful, possible等，用来对todosth.进行说明。此句型可以转换成To do sth. is + adj.。It is important to study English well.学好英语很困难。It's very difficult to climb Qomolangma.攀登珠穆朗玛峰很难。5. . Even more serious difficulties include freezing weather conditions and heavy storms.更严重的困难包括严寒的气候条件和暴雨。【比较】difficulty既可作可数名词也可作不可数名词。【用法】作可数名词时通常用复数，表示具体概念，即：各式各样的“困难，难题，难事He's having financial difficulties.他正手头拮据。【用法】作不可数名词时，译作“困难，艰难，幸苦”She had great difficulty in understanding him.她很难理解他说的话。6. The spirit of these climbers shows us that we should never give up trying to achieve our dreams.这些运动员的精神向我们展示了我们不应该放弃努力去实现我们的梦想。【用法】give up意为“放弃”，后面可以接名词、代词或v-ing形式作宾语。【拓展】如果其宾语是名词，那么名词可以放在give和up之间，也可以放在up之后；如果其宾语是 代词，那么代词只能放在give和up之间。My uncle wants to give up drinking wine.我叔叔想戒酒。Although English isn't easy to learn, 1 won't give it up.虽然英语不易学，但我不会放弃。7. Why do so many people try to climb this mountain even though it is dangerous?为什么尽管爬山很危险，人们还是想要尝试呢？【用法】even though用作从属连词，意为“即使；尽管"，相当于evenif,引导让步状语从句，一般不与 并列连词but连用。Mr. Wang will come on time even though it rains.尽管下雨，但王老师会按时来。8. 形容词和副词比较级和最高级变化规则一、规则变化1. 一般情况下，单音节或双音节的形容词（或副词）比较级+ er ,最高级+est如： clever-cleverer-cleverestfewfewerfewestsmall - smaller-smallest 等。2 .以e结尾的词，比较级+r,最高级+ st即可。如：nice-nicer-nicest cutecuter-cutestlarge-1 argerlargest3 .以辅音字母+y结尾的变y为i+er或est。如：easy-easier-easiesthappy-happier-happiest再如：early, busy, heavy, dirty, lazy 也如此。少数单音节词也是这样，如：pleased-more pleased-the most pleasedtired -more tired-the most tired二、不规则变化：good -better - bestwell -better bestbad-worse - worstmany / much - more mostfar farther farthest（距离远）far 一 further 一 furthest（程度深）old 一 elder 一 eldest（长幼）old 一 older -oldest（年龄）三、比较级考点比较级修饰问题a little, a bit, even, still, much, a lot, far 等可修饰比较级。Tom is a little taller than Jim.This book is much more interesting than that one.同级比较The weather in Beijing is colder than that in Xi'an.Our school is bigger than yours.the+比较级Lucy is the fatter of the two girls.“a/an+比较级”表示"又一，再一”Lily has a doll, but she wants a bigger one. 隐性比较（没有than的情况）Who runs faster, Lucy or Lily?You'd better come earlier next time.He worked hard last term, but he works even harder this term.a.比较级+ and +比较级b. the +比较级+句子，the +比较级+句子 e.g.e.g. It's getting colder and colder.The more you exercise, the better you are.四、最高级考点说明：形容词的最高级前必须加the;副词的最高级前省略the。范围问题Tom is the tallest student in the class.Spring is the best season of the year.域“之一 ”问题Beijing is one of the biggest cities in the world.“the +序数词+最高级”I think he is the second tallest boy in his class.3.比较级和最高级的转换Tom is the tallest student in the class.=Tom is taller than any other student in the class.二 Tom is taller than all the other students in the class.=No other students are taller than Tom.五、同级比较 as + adj ./adv. + asShe is as thin as Lily.He writes as carefully as Linda. not + as/so + adj./adv. + asTony didn't run so fast as Carter【例题精讲】彳列 1. Everybody should be given the chance to a their aims.彳列 2. Junko Tabei was the first woman(reach)the top of the Qomolangma.例 3. She won a Nobel Prize for her scientific例 4. We should help her when she is in d彳列 5 I think Andy Lau is one of(popular)actors.彳列 6. The Yellow River is the second(long)river in China.【巩固练习】1. The movie The Hurt Locker is one that I know.A. more excitedB. more excitingC. the most excitingD. the most excited2. The volunteer spoke as asshe could to make the visitors inderstand her.A. clearlyB. more clearlyC. most clearlyD. the most clearly3. Mike always does his homework as as the exams.A.goodB. betterC. wellD. best4. I work hard this term,but Peter works much.A. hardB. harderC. hardestD. the hardestHave you ever wondered what goes through your mind when you choose where to sit in a new classroom? Or in a waiting room full of strangers? Or on a bus? Researchers have found out some interesting facts.Perhaps unsurprisingly, we prefer to sit closer to people like ourselves. Girls sit by girls and boys sit by boys. Adults sit together and young people choose another young person to sit near. But it goes further than this. We even choose to sit near someone who looks like us. People with glasses are more likely to sit near other people with glasses. People with long hair sit closer to other people with long hair.We seem to believe that people with similar habits or hobbies will share similar attitude and we are more likely to be accepted by people like ourselves or even, we think we may be safer with people who look like us. Sometimes that's true but it's a pity if we always stick to the same people, the same group. The danger in always staying in our comfort zone （舒适区）is that we just recycle the same opinions, the same tastes and the same ideas. We lose the chance to learn something new, find out about interesting things, hear funny stories and discover difference.When we always stick to the same people, how can we ever break down the barriers which prevent us from getting to know people with different ideas? And how can we avoid the ignorance（无矢口），which too often leads to prejudice（偏见）and even fear? If instead you want to live in a society that opens to changes and new things and different opinions, be the cat among the pigeons.Move out of your comfort zone. Go and sit next to someone different. And don't just sit there in silence. Say hello. Ask a question. Start a conversation. That's how we make friends. That's how we learn about people. That's how we open our minds to new ideas. That's how we live an exciting life.1. From the passage, we know that people prefer sitting by someone who *A. is like themselves B. has a sense of humorC. is open-minded D. lives an exciting life2. People like staying in their comfort zone because they mayA. remain comfortable and specialB. be accepted easily and feel safeC. find out more interesting thingsD. discover differences among themselves3. What is the purpose of the passage?A. To tell us just to be ourselves in social life.B. To introduce ways to learn about the world.C. To explain how people communicate with others.D. To encourage us to meet people of different kinds.2. Shang Hai is the biggest city in China.(同义句) Shang Hai is than in China.3. Jack got to school earlier than any other student.(同义句) Jack got to schoolall the students.4. Qomolangma is 8848.43 meters high.(改为同义句)Qomolangma is 8848.43 meters.5. The Yangze River is not as long as the Nile.(同义句) The Nile isthan in China.6. 我可以借给你钱，但条件是你要下周还我。7. Last Friday, after doing all the family shopping in the town. I wanted to have a rest before catchingthe rain. I (1) a newspaper and some chocolate and(2) into the station coffee shop. It was a cheap self-service place with long tables to (3) at. I put my heavy bag down on the floor, (4) the newspaper and the chocolate on the table and then went to get a cup of coffee.When I came back with the coffee, There was someone (5) in the next seat. (6) was a boy, with dark glasses and old clothes, and(7) bright red at the front. He had started to eat my chocolate!Naturally, I was rather uneasy about him, but I didn't want to have any (8) . I just