2023年英语中考语法现在完成时(一).docx
中考语法专题:现在完成时(一)一、现在完成时构成:havehas+过去分词(have'has为助动词,有人称单复数变化)四个基本句型:肯定句:He hasfinished the work.一般疑问句: Hashe finished the work?否定句: He has notfinished the work. Yes ,he has./ No, he hasn't.特殊疑问句: What has he done?二、现在完成时定义(1):表示动作发生在过去某个不确定的时间,但对现在留下了某种影响和结果。常被just、alreadyyet等副词修饰。例如:一 Have you had lunch yet?你(已经)吃午饭 了吗?一Yes?1 have. Tve just had it.是的,吃过了。我刚刚吃过。(现在我不饿了)三、现在完成时与一般过去时的比较现在完成时与一般过去时都表示在过去发生的动作,但现在完成时强调这一动作与现在的关系,如 对现在产生的结果、影响等。而一般过去时只表示过去的事实,不表示和现在的关系。所以,表示过去固定时间的状语只能与一 般过去时连用,而不能与现在完成时连用。比较:他把我的钢笔拿走了A: He has taken my pen away .强调我现在没有钢笔用B: He took my pen away ,(陈述“他拿走了钢笔”这一情况)She has £(me to Shanghai,她已去上海了。(强调结果是人不在这儿)She we就to Shanghai a year ago .她一年前去过上海。(只表明她去过这件事实)【辨别】1. already.。如“已经”多用于肯定句中,通常与动词的完成时或进行时连用。I've seen the film already.我已经看过这部电影了。The train has already left. 火车已经开走了。2. yet. a办.“已经、仍然、还”一般只用于否定句或疑问句,且常常置于句末。如:He hasn't found his bike yet. 他还没有找到他的自行车。©Have you read Treasure Island yet? 你读过金银岛?【注意】already也可用于疑问句,但不表真心的疑问,而表“惊奇”。它多置于句中。有时为了强调而置于 句末。Have you already had breakfast?难道你已经.吃过早餐了 ?【练习】单项选择1. He hasbeen to Shanghai, has he?D. stillA. alreadyB. neverC. ever2. Zhao Lan already in this school for two years.4. Sam his homework yet, so he won't go out with his classmates.A. finishesB. hasn't finished C. has finished5. What are you going to do this weekend?I yet.A. was; studyingC. has; studied3. you your homework yet?A. Did; do; finishedC. Have; done; have finishedB. will; studyD. are; studyingYes. I it a moment ago.B. Have; done; finishedD. Will; do; finishD. don't finishA. haven't decidedB. won't decideC. have decidedD. didn't decide