2023年初中英语语法精讲常考副词用法归纳11.docx
2023年初中英语语法精讲:常考副词用法归纳11副词的分类根据副词在句子中所起的作用,我们可以把副词分为:L?时间 副词,如:ago, ahead, before, behind, beside, below, soon, now, recently, sometime, today, tomorrow, tonight, then, yesterday 等;此夕卜, 还有表示频度的副词, 如:always, constantly, ever, frequently, hardly, never, occasionally, often, rarely, seldom, sometimes, twice, usually 等。2 .?地点副词, 如:above, abroad, down, downstairs, everywhere, here, home, in, inside, out, outdoors, there, up, upstairs 等。3 .?疑问副词,如:how, when, where, why 等。4?方式副词, 如:angrily, badly, bravely, calmly, carefully, easily, fast, happily, hurriedly, loud, loudly, quickly, quietly, rapidly, slowly, slightly, suddenly, well 等。5?程度副词, 如:a little, almost, completely, deeply, enough, extremely, fairly, fine and, good and, greatly, hardly, just, much, nearly, partly, pretty, quite, rather, so, terribly, too, very, very much 等。6 . ?关系副词,如:when, where, why 等。7 .?连接副词, 如:if, how, however, nor, so, therefore, too, when, whenever, where, wherever, whether, why 等。8 .?句子副词, 如:fortunately, frankly, generally, luckily, maybe, obvious, officially, perhaps, possibly, probably unfortunately 等。9 .?关联副词, 如:besides, furthermore, however, moreover, never the less, so, then, thus, therefore 等。副词在句中的位置特点L?表示时间或地点的副词一般放在句尾,并且,地点在前时间在后,地点和时间的内部,又按从小到大的顺序排列。强调时,它们也可放在句首。如:Will you be free tomorrow?你明天有空吗?He lives at 75 Xiangchun Road, Changsha.他住在长沙市湘春路 75 号。2 . ?频度副词一般放在行为动词之前,助动词、情态动词或动词be之后。如:He sometimes goes there on business. 他有时至U那里 出差。He has never been late.他从未迟到过。?I was never very good at maths. 我的数学从来不好。注:若为了强调,有时可钟频度副词放在句首,但值得注意的是,当never, seldom等含有否定意义的副词放在句首时,句子须部分倒装。如:Never have I read such a book.我从未读过那样的书。3 .?程度副词一般放在所修饰的形容词或副词之前,助动词、情态动词或系动词be之后。如:The film was quite good.那影片相当好。The lecture was fairly good.报告相当不错。It' s a rather sad story,这是一个相当凄惨的故事。注:修饰动词的程度副词则通常放在动词(及其宾语)之后,有时也放在动词 之前。如:I don' t like coffee very much. = I don' t very much like coffee. 我 不太喜欢喝咖啡。另外,enough修饰形容词或副词时,永远置于其后后。如:Will you be kind enough to shut the door?可否劳驾把门关上?It' s clear enough what he meant.他是什么意思很清楚。4 .?修饰动词的方式副词一般放在动词(及其宾语)之后,有时也放在动词之 前。如:We must learn to speak English fluently and correctly. 我们应当学 讲流利正确的英语。They warmly welcomed me at their offices.他们在办公室热烈欢迎 了 我。5 .?由动词与副词一起所构成的短语动词带宾语时,若宾语是名词,则副词 放在名词的前后都行;若宾语是代词,副词只能放在代词之后。如:I need a few days to think over your proposal. = I need a few days to think over your proposal.我需要几天时间来考虑你的建议。I need a few days to think it over.我需要几天时间来考虑它。(不能 说 think over it)6 .?地点副词做定语时,须放在所修饰的名词或代词之后。如:The people there are very friendly. 那儿的人很友好。7 .?修饰句子的副词一般放在句首。如:Frankly, I am not satisfied with it.坦白说,我对此不满意。Luckily it was not so hot.幸好那天不太热。Seriously I wish to work here.说正经的,我愿意在这里工作。8 . ?疑问副词常放在句首构成疑问句。如:How did you enjoy your Christmas?圣诞节过得如何?Why haven? t you been to see me all this time? 你为什么一直没来看 我?9 .?关系副词和连接副词一般放在从句的开头。如:I asked how he was getting on.我问他情况怎样。(连接副词引起宾语从 句)These are the reasons why we do it.这些就是我们这样做的理由。(关 系副词引起定语从句)10 .?方式副词、地点副词、时间副词等用在一起时,通常是方式副词在前, 地点副词在中间,时间副词在最后。如:The boy read quietly over there all afternoon. 这男孩整个下午都在 那儿静静地看书。注:对于 run / go / drive / move / walk / head / leave 等表示位置移 动词的动词,修饰它们的多个副词通常按“地点副词+方式副词+时间副词” 的规律排列。如:He went there happily yesterday.他昨天高兴地去了那儿。much可修饰哪些词语一、much修饰比较级修饰比较是副词much的常见用法,"much +?比较级”的意思是“更” “得多”。如:yesterday. ?older today than it was yesterday. ?今天比昨天冷得多。It was much worse than I thought. ?它比我想像的还要糟得多。We will be a much better football team next year. ?明年我们将会成为 一支更好的足球队。二、much修饰最高级much修饰最高级应置于最高级前的定冠词之前,而不是之后。"much + the +?最高级”的意思是“最最”“绝对是最”。如:This is much the most difficult. ?这是最最难的。That' s much the best plan. ?那绝对是最好的计划。Of the three boys Nick is much the cleverest. ?这三个男孩中,尼克最 最聪明。三、much修饰形容词的原级much修饰形容词原级的情形主要见于那些由过去分词转化来的形容词。如:I was much annoyed. ?我很不高兴。She wasn' t much surprised. ?她并不太惊讶。注:有个别非分词转化来的形容词有时也可用much修饰,但这种用法很有 限,通常只见于good, different等少数几个形容词。如:I don' t think this battery is much good. ?我并不认为这种电池非常好。The new school isn' t much different from the old one. ?新学校与老 学校区别不太大。四、much修饰副词toomuch too?为习语,其中的much修饰副词too; much too可视为too的加强 说法,其语气比单独用too更强。如:He spoke much too fast. ?他说话说得太快了。This is much too heavy for you to lift. ?这东西太重,你拿不起来。注意:much too与too much词序不同,用法也不同。从句法功能上看,much too的用法与too相同,但比too的语气更强;而too much在用法上则与much 相同,但比much?语气更强。比较:He drives much too fast. ?他开车开得太快了。The shoes are much too small for me. ?这鞋子我穿太小了。There is too much rain. ?雨水太多了。You have given me too much. ?你已经给我太多了。五、much修饰介词短语much主要用于修饰由like, in, to等少数介词所构成的介词短语。如:The baby doesn, t look much like you. ?这婴儿长得不大像你。They' re very much in love with each other. ?他们彼此在热恋中。Much to my surprise, she did it by herself. ?让我极为惊讶的是,这竟 然是她自己做的。六、much修饰动词much修饰动词时,通常只用于否定句或疑问句中,一般不能用于肯定句中(除 非前面有?very, too, so?等之类的修饰语)。如:正:She doesn, t like him much.(用于否定句,故正确)正:She doesn' t much like him.(用于否定句,故正确)正:Does she like him much?(用于疑问句,故正确)正:Does she much like him?(用于疑问句,故正确)正:She likes him very too, so much.(其前有修饰语,故正确)注意以下误句:误:She likes him much. / She much likes him.(因为它用于肯定句,且其前没有修饰语,故不正确)但是,不带修饰语的much有时也能在肯定句中修饰动词,但这通常只限于 admire, affect,?appreciate, dislike, enjoy, look forward to, prefer, regret等少数动词,且much通常只能放在句中,不放在句末。如:We much appreciate your invitation. ?我们非常感激你的邀请。We would much prefer to be given money. ?我们还是更喜欢有人给我们钱。These factors have much affected the building of nuclear plants. ?这些因素极大地影响了核电站的建立。七、much修饰asmuch as?可视为习语,其意为“虽然”,用法与though相似。如:Much as I' d like to help, there isn' t a lot I can do.?尽管我愿意 帮忙,却没有很多事我能做。Much as he admired her looks and her manners, he had no wish to marry her. ?虽说他很欣赏她的外貌和仪态,他却无心和她结婚。八、much 修饰 the samemuch?修饰the same,从表面上是加强了 the same的语气,但实际上是缓和 了其语气,其意为“情况大致相同” “几乎差不多”“没什么变化”。如:The patient is much the same this morning. ?今天早上病人情况几乎没 什么变化。Whichever method you use, the result is much the same.?不论你用哪 一种方法,结果都差不多。They eat much the same thing for breakfast every day.?他们每天吃的 早餐几乎都一样。