Unit 1 知识点复习学案-2022-2023学年高中英语人教版2019选择性必修第一册.docx

选修一 Unit 1重点短语1.坚决要求2.（正常使用造成的）磨损;损耗3.承诺;保证（做某事、遵守协议或安排等）4.得出 结论5.对.印象深刻;被打动6.流程图7.为社会做出巨大贡献8.（开始）掌权;上台9.担任;任职10.竖立起来 把错当成12.去世 3. 总结；概括 14.1ead to 15.get stuck 16. by chance 17. dr aw out 18.other than19.be distinct from 20.stand up to21. as a consequence 22.under no circumstances 23.putforward 24.in particular 25.draw on重点词汇拓展1 .adj.至关重要的;关键性的一 adv.关键性地2 .adj.必不可少的;极其重要的;充满生机的一 adv.极其;绝对一n.生命力;活力3 .n.目标；目的adj.客观的一 vi.反对；不赞成n.物体一 n.不赞成;反对4 .adj,植物学的botany n.植物学 植物学家5 .vt.评价;评估一 n.评估，评价6 .adj,清晰的;清楚的;有区别的一 n.差别;区分;卓越7 .vt.分析一 n.分析器;分析者一 n.（对事物的）分析，分析结果8 .adv.显而易见;看来;显然apparent adj.显而易见;明白易懂9 .adj.科学（上）的;关于科学的一 adv.合乎科学地一science n.科学;自然科学-n.科学家10 .adv.主要地;一般地most adv.（与两个或两个以上音节的形容词或副词连 用,构成最高级）最;（程度上）最大,最多;极其11 .v.下结论；n.结论,推论12 .n.（小说）adj,新颖的 小说家13 .V.创建； 建立 （pt.）（n.）14 .n.政策； adj.政治的； n.政治； n.政 治家15 .普通的；非凡的；16 .n.结果，后果； adj.作为结果的，随之而来的； adv.结果，因此17 .温柔的，文静的；adj.温柔地18 .认承诺;保证近.忠于(某个人、机构等);全心全意投入(工作、活动等)一。的.尽心尽力的;坚定的;坚信的一 九承诺;保证;承担义务;花费金钱、时间、人力等19 .n. v.评论； (adj.非凡的； 显著的)20 .v,迅速离开; 逃跑(pt.)(pp.)重点词语用法1. crucial adj.至关重要的;关键性的a crucial factor/issue/decision 关键的因素/问题/决定be crucial to 对至关重要1) Anderson played a crucial role in the team's victory on Saturday.安德森在球队周六的胜利中 发挥了至关重要的作用2. vital adj.必不可少的；极其重要的；生死攸关的；充满生机的be vital to/for .对是至关重要的be vital to do sth.做某事是至关重要的a vital role至关重要的作用perform vital function起重要作用It is vital that. (should) do做是至关重要的/生死攸关的。1) Perseverance is vital to success.毅力对于成功是至关重要的。2) 2 was vital to give first aid to the injured man.对这位伤者实施急救是至关重要的。3) It's vital that we (should) carry out the operation immediately.我们应立刻开始手术，因为这 生死攸关。3. committed adj.尽心尽力的；坚定的；坚信的commit vt.犯(错误、罪行)，干(坏事)；承诺，保证；投入vi.投入commitment n.C, U许诺，承诺；U(对工作或某活动)献身，奉献,投入；C, U(资金、 时间、人力的)花费，使用make a commitment to sb./sth.对某人/某物作出承诺 make a commitment to do sth./ to doing sth. 保证/承诺做某事carry out one s commitment 履行某人的承诺 be committed to (doing) sth.尽力/承诺做某事 commit an error 犯错 commit sb./oneself to (doing) sth,承诺做某事commit acrime犯罪1) The most awkward email mistake is usually committed in anger.最尴尬的邮件错误通常是在 愤怒中犯的。2) But he quickly found that he loved playing this instrument, and was committed to practicing it so that within a couple of months he was playing reasonably well.但他很快就发现自己喜欢演奏这种乐器并很投入地练习，所以不出几个月他的演奏就相当 不错了。1.1. boil vt. & vi.(使)沸腾；煮开；烧开 n.沸腾；沸点boil with anger怒火中烧，非常愤怒1) A watched pot never boils.心急吃不了 热豆腐。2) They planned to keep the budget low by living on boiled noodles.他们打算以煮面条为食来 降低预算。3)100 is the temperature at which water will boil.5 .distinct adj.清晰的；清楚的；有区别的make/draw a distinction 区分开来；区别对待clear/sharp distinction 明显的不同It is distinct/clear that.很清楚(= Distinctly/Clearly,.)Eg. E is distinct that we should make a distinction between the primary tasks and routine work in our daily work.很明显，我们在日常工作中要把主要任务和常规工作区分开来。6 .acknowledge vt.承认(属实、权威等)；(公开)感谢acknowledge dcing/havine done承认做了acknowledge as/to be承认是Ifs widely/generaHy/iiiiiversally acknowledged that是大家所公认的。1) When asked about the receipt of Tom's letter, he acknowledged it.当问到是否收到汤姆的信件，他承认收到了。2) His services to the society have been offldaHy acknewledged.他为社会所做的工作得 到了官方认可。3) They acknowledged that the topic they were discussing about was relevant to national security.他们承认，他们讨论的话题与国家安全有关。4) They acknowledged having abandoned the ship at last.最后，他们承认 了 弃船逃生 了。5) She is generally acknowledged to be/as one of the greatest pianists in the world.二 It is generally acknowledged that she is one of the greatest pianists in the world.她是世界上公认的最卓越的钢琴家之一.7 . mostly adv.主要地；一般地be mostly from主要来自be mostly used to do sth.主要用于做某事be mostly used for 主要用于1) The listeners are mostly middle school students, ranging from 12 to 18.听众大多数是中学生，其年龄在12岁到18岁不等。2) We hear _(most) about ocean plastic and the harm done to sea creatures that mistake plastic bags and bits for food.8 . conclusion n.结论；推论come to/draw/reach a conclusion 得出结论jump to conclusion 匆忙下结论bring . to a conclusion 使结束in conclusion 最后1) Being able to read people helps kids from misreading a situation and jumping to false conclusions.能理解他人可以帮助孩子们避免错误判断处境并贸然得出错误的结论。2) What do you think brings the professor to this conclusion?你认为是什么使教授得出这个结 论？3) They made full investigations previous to reaching a conclusion.他们在下结论之前进行了充 分的调查。9 . circumstance n.条件；环境；状况under/in . circumstances 在情况下 under/in the circumstances 在这种情况下；既然这样under/in any circumstances 在任何情况下if circumstances allow/permit 如果情况允许under/in no circumstances 决不，一点儿也不Under such ciicumstances, these people are likely to abuse their power.在这样的情况下，这些人可能会滥用他们的权力。Under no circumstances can you takethe risk of leaving him alone.你绝对不能冒险留下他独自 一人。10 .flown.流；流动；流畅；供应vi.流；流动the flow of cars 车流the flow of the water 水流the flow of funds 资金流stop the flow of blood from the wound 止住伤 口 流血1) These hormones also have a positive effect on the heart and the blood flow.2) Man struggles upwards; water flows downwards.人往高处走,水往彳氐处流。11. stand up to经得住(检验等)stand up for支持，维持 stand for代表，象征1) Faced with the failure, some can stand up to it, draw useful lessons from it and try hard to fulfill what they are determined to do.2) I think the people in this country will stand up for what is right.我认为，该国人民会坚持正 义。重点句型：l)One medical text from the fourth century suggested (use)the extract from sweet wormwood .2)(use) a lower temperature to draw out the extract, she found a substance that worked.3) Upon(hear) that she had been awarded the Nobel Prize, she said, “The honour is not just mine ”4) This year's Nobel Prize Physiology or Medicine has been awarded to TuYouyou (co-winner),research led to the discovery of artemisinin,crucial new treatment for malaria.5) Artemisinin has become a vital part of the treatment for malaria, and (think) to save 100, 000 lives a year in Africa alone.6) That same year,was later recorded as a miracle year in science, he published four extraordinary physics papers.7) Later, the medicine(test) on malaria patients, most ofrecovered. 8) This medicine,was called artemisinin, soon became astandard treatmentmalaria.9) It is indeed honor for China's scientific research and Chinese medicine(spread) around the world.10) He made numerous(contribute) to the world, the most well-known (be) the general theory of relativity and the famous formula E=mc2.11) When he was 16, he tried to enter university in Switzerland, but failed due to his low scores in the general part of the entrance exam, despite obtaining(except) scores in math and physics. After studying for another year, he managed to pass the exam,(enter) university in 1896 and graduating in 1900.12) While(work) there, out of a strong passion for knowledge, hecontinued to study,(earn) a doctorate in physics in 1905.13) In 1922, he(award) the 1921 Nobel Prize for Physics for his (explain) of the photoelectric effect(光电效应).14) Circumstances changed in 1933,Hitler came to power in Germany.15) To the public, he was seen as a(slight) odd-looking but kind and funnyman.重点短语：insiston wear and tear commit oneself to do come to a conclusion be impressed byflow chart make great contributions to society come to power take up a position stand on end mistake.for. pass away sum up导致 卡住;陷入僵局 偶然；意外地 提取 除了 与有区别经得起因此绝不提出尤其 凭借，利用1 .critical critically 2. vital vitally vitality 3. Objective object objection 4. Botanical botanist 5.evaluation 6.distinction 7. Analyzer Analysis8.apparently9.scientificscientifically scientist lO.mostly 11 .conclude conclusion 12.小说；新颖的 novelist13.founded foundation 14. Political politics politician 15. Ordinary extraordinary 16. Consequence consequent consequently 17.gently 18. commit committed commitment 19. Remarkable 20. Fled fled1. using 2. Using 3.hearing 4.for whose a 5. Is thought 6. Which 7.was tested whom 8. Which for 9. An to be spread 10. Contributions being 11. exceptional entering 12.working earning 13.was awarded explanation 14.when 15. slightly