2023上海市高考英语模拟冲刺试题及答案详解二.pdf
2022-2023学年全国普通高等学校招生统一考试上海英语模拟试卷I.Listening comprehension略IL Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections:After reading the passage below,fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent andgrammatically correct.For the blanks with a given word,fill in each blank with the proper form ofthe given word;for the other blanks,use one word that best fits each blank.Cats are actually surprisingly bad at catching ratsIf you are annoyed by rats,think twice about getting a cat.A cat might lead to the appearanceof a rat-free home,but it turns out that the rats are still there.They are just keeping a low profile.“Cats are not the natural enemy of rats,“says Michael Parsons of Fordham University,NewYork.t4They prefer smaller prey.His team 1 (study)a rat colony at a recycling plant in New York in the past few years.When cats moved into the plant last year,the researchers were disappointed,but decided to set upcameras 2(monitor)the area.Over five months,they saw just three attempts by cats to catch rats,only two of3 succeeded.Cats have good reasons to be cautious.The common rat has large teeth that can give a painfulbite and carry lots of diseases.They also 4(weigh)340 grams on averagecompared with25 grams for a mouse.Parsons thinks that only starving cats will attempt to catch rats,5 the rats are sick orinjured.The two rats 6(kill)during the teams study may have been weakened by eatingpoisoned food,he says.However,cats do have a big influence on rat behaviour.Rats overestimate the risk causedby cats J says Parsons.His team found that when cats are in the area,rats spend much more timein 7(hide)and move around cautiously.That means they are much less likely to be seen bypeople,which could explain 8 most people wrongly think cats are good at killing rats.试卷第1页，共 12页Some cat owners may 9（convince）their pets are excellent ratters.But Parsons hasfound that many people mistake mice 10 rats.That said,it is possible there are a fewexceptional cats that do take on healthy,adult rats,he says.Section BDirections:Complete the following passage by using the words in the box.Each word can only beused once.Note that there is one word more than you need.A.contributors B.describing C.distinctD.favoritesE.invitations F.limitsG.name H.pleasurableL recallJ.unexploredK.usefulThe unique joy of learning new wordsWith all thats happening in the news,life can feellike an exercise in determining the particular kind of bad we are experiencing.Are we anxious ordepressed?Lonely or stressed?Tim Lomas,a senior lecturer in positive psychology at the University of East London,isengaged in the opposite effort:analyzing all the types of well-being that he can find.Specifically,Lomas is seeking to uncover psychological insights by collecting untranslatable words thatdescribe feelings we dont have terms fbr in English.Its almost like each one is awindow onto a new landscape,Lomas says.So far,with the help of many 2 he hascollected nearly 1,000 in what he calls a positive lexicography（词典学）”.People are fascinated with untranslatable words in part because they are 13:Howelse could we talk to each other about the guilty pleasure of schadenfreude?But Lomas also seesthem as a means of showing us“new possibilities fbr ways of living,describing them as4 fbr people to experience happy phenomena that may previously have been“hiddenfrom them or to take delight in feelings they couldnt previously 15.Consider theJapanese ohanami,a word fbr gathering with others to appreciate lowers.Linguists（语言学家）have long argued about how much the language we speak-partlydetermined by factors like geography and climate-16 the thoughts we are capable ofhaving or the actions we can take.The worlds in which different societies live are 17worlds,not merely the same world with different labels attached,wrote the theorist Edward试卷第2页，共 12页Sapir.Studying the words in Lomas collection,at the least,is a means of reflecting on ways thatwe can feel good.When asked for one of his 18、the psychologist lists the GermanFemweh,which describes a longing to travel to distant lands,a kind of homesickness for the19.Also delightfi.il is the Danish morgenfrisk,20 the satisfaction one getsfrom a good nights sleep,and the Latin otium,highlighting the joy of being in control of onesown time.IIL Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections:For each blank in the following passage there are four words orphrases marked A,B,C and D.Fill in each blank with the word or phrase thatbest fits the context.Most forms of conventional advertising-print,radio and broadcast television-have beenlosing ground to online ads for years;only billboards,dating back to the 1800s,and TV ads areholding their own.Such out-of-home advertising,as it is known,is expected to 21 by3.4%in 2022,and digital out-ofhome(DOOH)advertising,which includes the LCD screensfound in airports and shopping malls,by 16%.Such ads draw viewers5 attention from phones andcannot be skipped or 22、unlike ads online.Billboard owners are also 23 the location data that are pouring off peoplessmartphones.Information about their owners5 locations and online browsing gets collected andsold to media owners.They then use these data to work out when different groups 一 businesstravellers”,say walk by their ads.That 24 is added to insights into traffic,weather andother external data to produce highly relevant ads.DOOH 25 can deliver ads for coffeewhen it is cold and iced drinks when it is warm.Such 26 works particularly well when it is accompanied by“programmatic”advertising methods,a term that describes the use of data to automate and improve ads.In the pastyear billboard owners such as Clear Channel and jcDecaux have 27 programmaticplatforms which allow brands and media buyers to select,purchase and place ads in minutes,rather than days or weeks.It is said that outdoor ads will increasingly be bought like online ones,试卷第3页，共 12页based on audience and views as well as 28That is possible because billboard owners claim to be able to 29 how well their adsare working,even though no click-through”rates are involved.Data firms can tell advertisershow many people walk past individual advertisements at particular times of the day.Advertiserscan estimate how many individuals 30 to an ad for a handbag then go on to visit anearby shop(or website)and buy the product.Such metrics make outdoor ads more 31-driven,automated and measurable,argues Michael Provenzano,co-fbunder of Vistar Media,anad-tech firm in New York.However,the outdoor-ad revolution is not 32-free.The collection of mobile-phonedata raises privacy concerns.And 33 of the online-ad business fbr being vague,andoccasionally dishonest,may also be targeted at the OOH business as it becomes bigger and morecomplex.The industry is ready to 34 such concerns,says Jean-Christophe Conti,chiefexecutive of VIOOH,a media-buying platfbnn.One of the 35 of following the online-adpioneers,he notes,is learning from their mistakes.21.A.shrinkB.growC.disappearD.emerge22.A.obtainedB.blockedC.separatedD.arranged23.A.making progress inB.getting engaged inC.becoming part ofD.taking advantage of24.A.valueB.recordC.knowledgeD.feeling25.A.opponentsB.providersC.learnersD.instructors26.A.addingB.collectingC.targetingD.producing27.A.changedB.forbiddenC.clearedD.launched28.A.marketingB.evolutionC.locationD.branding29.A.measureB.wonderC.noticeD.forget30.A.devotedB.opposedC.relatedD.exposed31.A.conceptB.dataC.customerD.research32.A.stressB.conflictC.injuryD.problem33.A.aspectsB.demandsC.criticismsD.details34.A.addressB.shareC.reflectD.emphasize35.A.benefitsB.difficultiesC.challengesD.conditions试卷第4页，共 12页Section BDirections:Read the following three passages.Each passage is followed byseveral questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are fourchoices marked A,B,C and D.Choose the one that fits best according to theinformation given in the passage you have just read.(A)Kim Hyo Jin,a shy junior high school student,stood before her American teacher.Thesmiling teacher held up a green pepper and asked in clear English:What is this?”“Peemang!”answered the South Korean teenager,who then covered her mouth with a handas if to stop-too late-the Korean word that had left her mouth.Embarrassed,she tried again.Without looking the teacher in the eye,she held both her handsout and asked,this time in English:May I have green pepper?”Kim took the vegetable with a bow,and ran back to her classmates,feeling relieved that shehad successfully taken a small first step toward overcoming what South Koreans consider one oftheir biggest weaknesses in global competitiveness:the fear of speaking in English to westerners.Kim was among 300 junior high school students going through a weeklong training in thisnew English Village.The complex looks like a mini-town transplanted from a European countryto this South Korean countryside.It has its own immigration office,city hall,bookstore,cafeteria,gym,a main street with Western storefronts,police officers and a live-in population of 160 nativeEnglish speakers.All signs are in English,the only language allowed.Here,on a six-day course that charges each student 80,000 won,or$82,pupils check in to ahotel,shop,take cooking lessons and make music videos all in English.There are languagepolicemen around,punishing students speaking Korean with a fine in the village currency or reddots on their village passports.South Korea has become one of the most aggressive countries in Asia at teaching English toits citizens.Outside the school system,parents are paying an estimated 10 trillion won a year tohelp their children learn English at home or abroad.Nevertheless,many college graduates areafraid of chatting with native speakers.That,linguists say,is a result of a national school systemthat traditionally stresses reading and memorization of English grammar and vocabulary at the试卷第5页，共 12页expense of conversation.In Korea University of Seoul,30 percent of all classes are now in English.Speaking Englishwith a native accent has become a status symbol.36.What was Kim Hyo Jins problem?A.She spoke English with a Korean accent.B.She dared not talk with westerners in English.C.She was afraid of looking at her English teacher.D.She kept staying with her Korean classmates.37.Which of the following is true of the“English Village”？A.It is located in a European country.B.It houses 460 Korean students in a week.C.Students will be punished for not speaking English.D.Students take turns to serve as language policemen.38.What can be learned about the way that Korean students learn English at school?A.There arent enough English classes given to students.B.Students dont have enough chances to practise speaking.C.Emphasis is placed on students5 ability to communicate.D.Grammar and vocabulary is taught by old-fashioned methods.39.Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?A.Lefs Read in English B.English as a Global LanguageC.A Hunger for English Lessons D.Change in Koreans Attitude to English(B)The livelihood of each species depends on the existences of other organisms.Thisinterdependence is sometimes vague,sometimes obvious.Perhaps the most straightforwarddependence of one species on another occurs with parasites,organisms that live on or in otherliving things and get nutrients directly from them.The parasitic way of life is widespread,Anumber of micro-organisms(including viruses and bacteria)and an army of invertebrates(无脊椎动物)make their livings directly at the expense of other creatures.In the face of this attack,livingthings have evolved a variety of defense mechanisms for protecting their bodies from invasion by试卷第6页，共 12页other organisms.Certain fungi（真菌）and even some kinds of bacteria release substances known as antibioticsinto their external environment.These substances are capable of killing or preventing the growthof various kinds of bacteria that also occupy the area,thus eliminating or reducing the competitionfor nutrients.The same principle is used in defense against invaders in other groups of organisms.For example,when attacked by disease-causing fungi or bacteria,many kinds of plants producechemicals that help to fight off the invaders.Members of the animal kingdom have developed a variety of defense mechanisms fbr dealingwith parasites.Although these mechanisms vary considerably,all major groups of animals arecapable of detecting and reacting to the presence of“fbreign“cells.In fact,throughout the animalkingdom,there is evidence that transplants of cells or parts of tissues into an animal are acceptedonly if they come from closely related individuals.The ability to distinguish between“self and“nonself while present in all animals,is mostefficient among vertebrates,which have developed an immune system as their defense mechanism.The immune system recognizes and takes action against foreign invaders and transplanted tissuesthat are treated as foreign cells.40.What does the passage mainly discuss?A.How organisms react to invaders.B.How parasites reproduce themselves.C.How antibiotics work to cure disease.D.How the immune systems of vertebrates developed.41.According to the passage,some organisms produce antibiotics in order to.A.aid digestionB.fight off other organismsC.prevent disease in humansD.create new types of nutrients42.According to the passage,the ability to distinguish between“self and“nonself enablesvertebrates to.A.get rid of antibioticsB.accept transplanted cells试卷第7页，共 12页C.detect and react to invasionD.weaken their immune system（C）As Frans de Waal,ap/7加 a/o/ogisf（灵长动物学家），recognizes,a better way to think aboutother creatures would be to ask ourselves how different species have developed different kinds ofminds to solve different adaptive problems.Surely the important question is not whether animalscan do the same things humans can,but how those animals solve the cognitive（认知的）problemsthey face,like how to imitate the sea floor.Children and some animals are so interesting notbecause they are smart like us,but because they are smart in ways we havent even considered.Sometimes studying childrens ways of knowing can cast light on adult-human cognition.Childrens pretend play may help us understand our adult taste fbr fiction.De WaaPs researchprovides another interesting example.We human beings tend to think that our social relationshipsare rooted in our perceptions,beliefs,and desires,and our understanding of the perceptions,beliefs,and desires of others-what psychologists call our theory of In the 80s and 90s,developmental psychologists showed that pre-schoolers and even infants understand minds apartfrom their own.But it was hard to show that other animals did the same.Theory of mind”became a candidate fbr the special,uniquely human trick.Yet de Waals studies show that chimps（黑猩猩）possess a remarkably developed politicalintelligencethey are much interested in figuring out social relationships.It turns out,as de Waaldescribes,that chimps do infer something about what other chimps see.But experimental studiesalso suggest that this happens
