高三英语复习：动词时态语态中学教育高考英语_中学教育-高考英语.pdf

第 1 页 共 5 页 动词时态语态 一、知识精要 时态 英语中共有 16 种时态。（以 play 为例）根据历年高考考试大纲中语法项目表，备考高考需要掌握英语的十六种时态中的以下八种：一般现在时、一般过去时、现在进行时、过去进行时、一般将来时、过去将来时、现在完成时、过去完成时。但纵观十年高考的真题不难发现，现在完成进行时、过去完成进行时、将来完成时和将来进行时也时有考查，所以备战高考应在掌握大纲规定的八种时态基础上，兼顾以上四种。一、一般现在时 1.常同 often,sometimes,usually,always,twice a month,every week,occasionally 等状语连用。She always takes a walk in the evening.I do some exercise every day.2.She knows French and German besides English.Some people still live in poverty.3.The earth (move)round the sun.Time and tide wait for no man.4.在 状语从句中，用一般现在时表示将来的动作或状态，主句通常用 。Ill tell her when she (come)tomorrow.But we won t go if it (rain).二、一般过去时 1.（常同 yesterday,last week,just now,the other day,at that time等状语连用。）The foreign guests visited Nanjing last spring.He didnt go to school yeste rday.2.When she was there,she often went to the supermarket.三、一般将来时 1.基本形式：基本用法：（立足于 ）2.其他表达法(1)，表示打算做某事或即将发生某事。(2)，表示即将发生某事，安排或要求做某事。(3)，表示即将发生某事，句中不可以用表示未来时间的状语。判断正误：The talk is about to begin.()The talk is about to begin in five minutes.()注：be about to do 经常与 when 引导的时间状语连用，表示“正要这时（突然）”如：I was about to leave when it began to rain.(4)某些动词的 可以表示将来时间，指根据时间表规定预计要发生的动作。注：此时通常 充当主语。有此用法的动词有：begin,leave,arrive,return,start,end 等。The term starts on 1st September.When does the plane leave?(5)某些动词的 可表示计划或准备要做某事。注：此时通常人作主语。有此用法的动词有：leave,go,come,stay,do,take,have等。I am leaving tonight.The Talent Show is coming in two weeks time.四、现在进行时 1.表示现在或 正在进行的动作或发生的事情。It is snowing outside.She is learning English at college.2.与 always,forever,constantly 等副词连用，带有 等感情色彩。Jim is always coming late for class.一般时态 进行时态 完成时态 完成进行时态 现在 play/plays is/am/are playing has/have played has/have been playing 过去 played was/were playing had played _ 将来 will play _ _ will have been playing 过去将来 would play would be playing would have played would have been playing 第 2 页 共 5 页 She is always reading novels.五、现在完成时 1.现在完成时表示动作在过去，对现在产生影响或结果。常用的时间状语有：just,already,yet,so far,recently,ever 等。I have seen him somewhere before.2.表示从 开始，一直延续到 的动作或状态。They have been friends since childhood.3.表示说话前发生过一次或多次的动作，现在成为一种经历。常用的时间状语有 twice,ever,never,three times,before 等。I ve never seen her so angry before.4.现在完成时和一般过去时的区别 现在完成时强调的是它和现在有密切的联系，对现状有影响的某一已发生的动作；而一般过去时强调动作发生在过去，不表示和现在有关系。比较：He worked there for three years.()He has worked there for three years.()六、过去进行时 1.表示过去某个时刻正在进行的动作。What were you doing at nine last night?At that time she was working in a laboratory.2.过去进行时和一般过去时的差别：1）强调动作的角度不同：前者强调动作正在进行，后者强调动作已完成。I was reading a novel last night.（）I read a novel last night.（）2）时间状语不同 比较：She was doing the homework all day yesterday.She did the homework yesterday.七、过去完成时 1.表示过去某时前或过去的某个动作前发生的动作或情况（也可说是“”）。By the end of June they had treated 30,000 patients.The play had already started when we got to the theatre.2.表示过去某一时间的动作或状态持续到过去另一个时间，还可能持续下去。常与 for,since 等引出的时间状语连用。It had been very windy for a few hours and it had rained for two days.3.用于两个常用句型的主句中：hardly(scarcely).when,no sooner.than，表示 She had hardly gone to bed when the bell rang.4.intend,mean,expect,want,hope,plan,think,wish等动词的过去完成时可以表示本来打算做或希望做而没有做的事。I had intended to call on you yesterday,but someone came to see me when I was about to leave.【注意】过去完成时是一个 时态。只有和过去某时间或动作相比较时才能用到该时态。比较：Most of the guests had left when we arrived at the party.He played basketball for many years when he was young.八、过去将来时 1.这个时态也是一个相对的时态,主要表示从 某时看来将要发生的事情。He was sixty-eight.Two years later he would be seventy.2.“would+动词原形”可用来表示过去 的动作。Whenever he had time,he would help them in their work.九、现在完成进行时 1.表示动作从过去某时开始一直持续到现在，这个动作可能刚终止，也可能还在进行。Weve just been talking about you.What book have you been reading recently?2.现在完成时和现在完成进行时的区别 1）现在完成时一般表示动作已经完成，现在完成进行时的动作不一定已经完成，很可能持续下去。比较：Ive been writing an article.()Ive written an article.()2）现在完成进行时往往表示动作在重复，而现在完成时一般不表示动作的重复。I ve been taking part in races for about four years.How many races have you taken part in?十、将来完成时 1.状态完成：表示某事继续到将来某一时为止一直有的状态。They will have been married for 20 years by then.2.动作完成：表示将来某一时或另一个将来的动作之前，已经完成的动作。You will have reached Shanghai by this time tomorrow.By the time you get home,I will have cleaned the house from top to bottom.十一、过去完成进行时 表示动作或状态从过去某一时间开始一直持续到过去的另一时间。Mary had been writing the letter till two o clock yesterday.去将来根据历年高考考试大纲中语法项目表备考高考需要掌握英语的十六种时态中的以下八种一般现在时一般过去时现在进行时过去进行时一般将来时过去将来时现在完成时过去完成时但纵观十年高考的真题不难发现现在完成进行上四种一一般现在时常同等状语连用在状语从句中用一般现在时表示将来的动作或状态主句通常用二一般过去时常同等状语连用三一般将来时基本形式基本用法立足于其他表达法表示打算做某事或即将发生某事表示即将发生某事安正要这时突然如某些动词的可以表示将来时间指根据时间表规定预计要发生的动作注此时通常当主语有此用法的动词有等某些动词的可表示计划或准备要做某事注此时通常人作主语有此用法的动词有等四现在进行时表示现在或正在第 3 页 共 5 页 十二、将来进行时 表示将来某一时间正在进行的动作。（我将在纽约学习汉语）at this time of next year.语态 一、构成 语态是表示主语和谓语的关系。英语有两种语态：主动语态(the Active Voice)和被动语态(the Passive Voice)。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，其构成为 be+过去分词。如：She typed a letter.(主动)A letter was typed by her.(被动)各个时态的被动形式大致可归纳如下：一般时态 进行时态 完成时态 现 在 am is done are am is being done are has been done have 过 去 was done were was being done were had been done 将 来 shall be done will shall have been done will 过去 将来 should be done would should have been done would 二、被动语态使用要点（一）不能用被动语态的情况 1.不能用于被动语态 appear,rise,die,happen,occur,lie,depart,belong to,break out,take place等。Great changes have been taken place in my hometown.()Great changes have taken place in my hometown.()2.下列动词以及短语动词通常不用于被动语态 此类动词及短语有：lack,fit,mean,hold,resemble,have,cost,equal,contain,become,last,benefit,fail,consist of,look like 等。The book costs 10 yuan.The book consists of 25 chapters.（二）主动形式表示被动意义的情况 1.用主动形式表被动意义。如 look,smell,taste,fell,prove,wear,sound等。The flower smells sweet.The dish tastes delicious.The cloth feels very soft.2.某些及物动词表示事物的性质时用主动形式表示被动意义，常与 等副词连用。如wash,write,sell,read,open,cut,lock,peel,iron等。The type of recorder sells well.That kind of shirt washes well.Ripe apples peel easily.3.等词的后面可以用动名词的主动形式表示被动意义。The book is worth reading.The children need looking after.The table wants cleaning.4.某些作表语的形容词后，用 主动形式表示被动意义。The rock is hard to break.He is hard to please.The fish is not fit to eat.5.某些不及物动词如 open,shut,start,act,keep,move 等与 can t,won t,doesn t 等连用时。The library doesn t open on Sunday.The door won t shut.（三）不定式符号 to 在被动语态中不可省 在主动语态中，如果感官动词和使役动词后的宾语补足语是动词，这个动词前往往不带 to,但在被动语态中要带 to。I saw her pass by the window.She was seen by the window.The boss made Jim work overtime.Jim was made overtime.（四）get+过去分词也可构成被动语态 get 常同 marry,pay,damage,tear,hurt,paint,invite,repair,dress 等动词的过去分词连用，构成被动语态。John and Jane got married last month.Jack got thrown out of college for failing his exams.【注意】get 型被动语态一般都能用 be 型被动语态替代，但有些 be 型被动语态可用 get 型被动语态替代，有些则不行。如：She was born in a small village.去将来根据历年高考考试大纲中语法项目表备考高考需要掌握英语的十六种时态中的以下八种一般现在时一般过去时现在进行时过去进行时一般将来时过去将来时现在完成时过去完成时但纵观十年高考的真题不难发现现在完成进行上四种一一般现在时常同等状语连用在状语从句中用一般现在时表示将来的动作或状态主句通常用二一般过去时常同等状语连用三一般将来时基本形式基本用法立足于其他表达法表示打算做某事或即将发生某事表示即将发生某事安正要这时突然如某些动词的可以表示将来时间指根据时间表规定预计要发生的动作注此时通常当主语有此用法的动词有等某些动词的可表示计划或准备要做某事注此时通常人作主语有此用法的动词有等四现在进行时表示现在或正在第 4 页 共 5 页 The bridge is being built.（五）被动语态的固定结构 be supposed to do/be 意为“应该”What am I supposed to do?He was supposed to be here at 8 o clock.高考真题 1.Planing so far ahead no senseso many things will have changed by next year.(2011全国)A.made B.is making C.makes D.has made2.I wasnt sure if he was really interested or if he polite.(2011 全国)A.was just being B.will just be C.had just been D.would just be 3.When Alice came to,she did not know how long she there.（2011 全国）A.had been lying B.has been lying C.was lying D.has lain 4.If you dont like the drink you just leave it and try a different one.（2011 全国卷 II）A.ordered B.are ordering C.will order D.had ordered 5.That must have been a long trip.Yeah,it us a whole week to get there.(2011北京)A.takes B.has taken C.took D.was taking 6.Tom in the library every night over the last three months.（2011北京）A.works B.worked C.has been working D.had been working 7.After getting lost in a storm,a member of the navy team four days later.(2011 上海)A.rescued B.was rescued C.has rescued D.had been rescued 8.Bob has gone to California.Oh,can you tell me when he?(2011 北京)A.has left B.left C.is leaving D.would leave 9.On her next birthday,Ann married for twenty years.(2011天津)A.is B.has been C.will be D.will have been 10.She was surprised to find the fridge empty;the child everything!（2011 山东）A.had been eating B.had eaten C.have eaten D.have been eating 11.I hear you in a pub.whats it like?（2011 江苏）Well,its very hard work and Im always tired,but I dont mind.A.are working B.will work C.were working D.will be working 12.Last month,the Japanese government expressed their thanks for the aid they from China.（2011 福建）A.receive B.are receiving C.have received D.had received 13.The manager was worried about the press conference his assistant in his place but,luckily,everything was going on smoothly.（2011 浙江）A.gave B.gives C.was giving D.had given 14.What a mistake!Yes.I his doing it another way,but without success.（2011 四川）A.was suggesting B.will suggest C.would suggest D.had suggested 15.Look at the pride on Toms face.He to have been praised by the manager just now.（2011重庆）A.seemed B.seems C.had seemed D.is seeming 16.His first novel good reviews since it came out last month.（2011 陕西）A.receives B.is receiving C.will receive D.has received 17.In 1492,Columbus on one of the Bahama islands,but he mistook it for an island off India.（2011 湖南）A.lands B.landed C.has landed D.had landed 18.Ill go to the library as soon as I finish what I .(2011 辽宁)A.was doing B.am doing C.have done D.had been doing 19.By the time Jack returned home from England,his son from college.(2011 辽宁)A.graduated B.has graduated C.had been graduating D.had graduated 20.Weve spent too much money recently.Well,it isnt surprising.Our friend s and relatives around all the time.（2010 安徽）A.are coming B.had come C.were coming D.have been coming 21.Traditional folk arts of Tianjin like paper cutting at the culture show of the 2010 Shanghai World Expo.（2010 天津）A.are exhibiting B.is exhibiting C.are being exhibited D.is being exhibited 22.In many peoples opinion,that company,though relatively small,is pleasant .(2010 四川)A.to deal with B.dealing with C.to be dealt with D.dealt with 23.Have you finished reading Jane Eyre?No,I my homework all day yesterday.（2010 全国 I）A.was doing B.would do C.has done D.do 24.I have to see the doctor because I a lot lately.（2010 陕西）A.have been coughing B.had coughed C.coughed D.cough 25.Joseph to evening classes since last month,but he still cant say“Whats your name?”in Russian.（2010 辽宁）A.has been going B.went C.goes D.has gone 26.His sister left home in 1998,and since.(2009 全国 I)A.had not been heard of B.has not been heard of C.had not heard of D.has not heard of 27.Progress so far very good and we are sure that the work will be finished on time.(2009全国 II)A.was B.had been C.has been D.will be 28.When I talked with my grandma on the phone,she sounded weak,but by the time we up,her voice had been full of life.(2009 北京)A.were hanging B.had hung C.hung D.would hung 去将来根据历年高考考试大纲中语法项目表备考高考需要掌握英语的十六种时态中的以下八种一般现在时一般过去时现在进行时过去进行时一般将来时过去将来时现在完成时过去完成时但纵观十年高考的真题不难发现现在完成进行上四种一一般现在时常同等状语连用在状语从句中用一般现在时表示将来的动作或状态主句通常用二一般过去时常同等状语连用三一般将来时基本形式基本用法立足于其他表达法表示打算做某事或即将发生某事表示即将发生某事安正要这时突然如某些动词的可以表示将来时间指根据时间表规定预计要发生的动作注此时通常当主语有此用法的动词有等某些动词的可表示计划或准备要做某事注此时通常人作主语有此用法的动词有等四现在进行时表示现在或正在第 5 页 共 5 页 29.Do you think we should accept that offer?Yes,we should,for we such bad luck up till now,and time out.(2009 江西)A.have had;is running B.had;is running C.have;has been run D.have had;has been run 30.Why does the lake smell terrible?Because large quantities of water .(2009 福建)A.have polluted B.is being polluted C.has been polluted D.have been polluted 31.My parents have promised to come to see me before I for Africa.(2009 辽宁)A.have left B.leave C.left D.will leave 32.Why dont we choose that road to save time？The bridge to it .(2009 四川)A.has repaired B.is repaired C.is being repaired D.will be repaired 33.I was out of town at the time,so I dont know exactly how it .(2009 山东)A.was happening B.happened C.happens D.has happened 34.My parents in Hong Kong.They were born there and have never lived anywhere else.(2009 天津)A.live B.lived C.were living D.will live 35.Hi,Torry,can I use your computer for a while this afternoon?Sorry,.(2009 江苏)A.Its repaire d B.It has been repaired C.Its being repaired D.It had been repaired 36.Daniels family their holiday in Huangshan this time next week.(2009安徽)A.are enjoying B.are to enjoy C.will enjoy D.will be enjoying 37.According to the literary review,Shakespeare his characters live through their language in his plays.（2009 福建）A.will make B.has made C.was making D.makes 38.Would you please keep silent?The weather report and I want to listen.（2009 湖南）A.is broadcast B.is being broadcast C.has been broadcast D.had been broadcast 39.The food here is nice enough.My friend me a right place.（2009 湖南）A.introduces B.introduced C.had introduced D.was introducing 40.So far this year we a fall in house prices by between 5 and 10 percent.(2008 福建 D)A.saw B.see C.had seen D.have seen 41.Did you go to the show last night?Yeah.Every boy and girl in the area invited.(2008 陕西)A.were B.have been C.has been D.was 42.Teenagers their health because they play computer games too much.(2008重庆)A.have damaged B.are damaging C.damaged D.will damage 43.Im sure Andrew will win the first prize in the final.I think so.He for it for months.(2008 江苏)A.is preparing B.was preparing C.had been preparing D.has been preparing 44.I dont believe youve already finished reading the book I it to you this morning!A.would lend B.lent C.had lent D.was lending 45.The telephone ,but by the time I got indoors,it stopped.(2008四川)A.had rung B.was ringing C.rings D.has rung 46.If the weather had been better,we could have had a picnic.But it all day.(2008 全国 II)A.rained B.rains C.has rained D.is raining 47.Have you known Dr.Jackson for a long time?Yes,since she the Chinese Society.(2008 全国 I)A.has joined B.joins C.had joined D.joined 48.Have you got any job offers?No.I .(2008 辽宁)A.waited B.had been waiting C.have waited D.am waiting 49.Have you read the book called Waiting for Anya?Who it?(2008 北京)A.writes B.has written C.wrote D.had written 50.Did you watch the basketball match yesterday?Yes,I did.You know,my brother in the match.(2008 安徽)A.is playing B.was playing C.has played D.had played 去将来根据历年高考考试大纲中语法项目表备考高考需要掌握英语的十六种时态中的以下八种一般现在时一般过去时现在进行时过去进行时一般将来时过去将来时现在完成时过去完成时但纵观十年高考的真题不难发现现在完成进行上四种一一般现在时常同等状语连用在状语从句中用一般现在时表示将来的动作或状态主句通常用二一般过去时常同等状语连用三一般将来时基本形式基本用法立足于其他表达法表示打算做某事或即将发生某事表示即将发生某事安正要这时突然如某些动词的可以表示将来时间指根据时间表规定预计要发生的动作注此时通常当主语有此用法的动词有等某些动词的可表示计划或准备要做某事注此时通常人作主语有此用法的动词有等四现在进行时表示现在或正在