名词性从句讲义高考英语_-.pdf
学习好资料 欢迎下载 名词性从句(Noun Clauses)主讲人 西安市第三中学 雷孝民 2007.10 修订。.概念：(Definition)凡具备名词作用的句子叫名词性从句。.分类：(Classification)名词性从句根据其作用可分为：.主语从句；.宾语从句；.介词宾语从句；.表语从句和.同位语从句。.引导词：（Introducing Words.）.That.引导名词性从句表达陈述语气，that is,肯定句和否定句。引导名词性从句其无任何实在意义，不做任何句子成分，只起连接作用。当动词后跟一个 that 引导的宾语从句时 that 可以省略掉，其余情况均不得省略。.Whether/if 引导名词性从句表达一般疑问句语气。其意义为是否，但在从句中也不做任何句子成分。动宾从句中既可用 whether,又可用 if,其余从句仅用 whether.What,when,where,why,which,how等所有特殊疑问词和 as if,as though,because.这些引导词在从句中都有实在意义，且作一定的句子成分，因而不可省略，它们都表达了一种特殊的疑问情况。.各论：（Discussions and Examples for each Noun Clause）主语从句：（Subject Clause）专用于做主语。.That they won the football match made us very excited.That Charlie Chaplin is considered as one of the greatest and funniest actors in the history of cinema is well known.Whether she will come or not is still a question.Whether you can make your stay in a foreign country easy and comfortable or not depends on your knowledge about the country and the use of your body languages.Who will go there is not important.Whoever breaks the law is to be punished.What we need most is more money.Whatever you will do can not satisfy her desire.Why Disney s later films are not popular is not clear to anyone.Which one you want to choose must be decided before your start.When and where they will trade stamps with each other has not been decided yet.主语从句与不定式做主语一样，常采用 it 做形式主语，将真正的主语从句放在句以保持句子平衡。.It is said that it won t be long before China sends manned spaceship to the moon.It is reported that a trade agreement has been made between China and the U.S.A.It is known to all that Taiwan belongs to China from far ancient times.It so happened that I got enough money on me at the time.He used to live in London for three years.It is no wonder that he speaks quite fluent and standard British English.学习好资料 欢迎下载.It has not been decided whether China will build a Disney land or not.It doesn t matter to us when and where the conference will be held.It makes no difference to us all how you will treat the guests.It is suggested that he should experiment with animals before the medicine is used on human beings.It is important and necessary that the government be concerned about the housing problems of the low-income families.It comes as no surprise that it rains quite a lot,just as in England and Wales.象类似主语从句还有很多，例如：It is clear that.It is necessary that.It is possible that It is impossible that It is strange that.It is a pity that.It is my duty that It is a good idea that It is hoped that.It is ordered that.It is asked that.It is advised that.It is demanded that.It is insisted that It is certain that.It occurred to me that.It strikes me that It is seems that.It is likely that.It appears that.It is has been proved that.2.动词宾语从句。（The Object Clause After Verbs.）.Many smokers know that smoking tobacco causes illnesses.Marry said that she didn t have any difficulty with her pronunciation and intonation.I don t quite understand why more and more women smoke in Britain.We can t remember how many times he has tried to make up his mind to study hard.He asked me whether it is a good idea for us to go rafting on that river.The journalist asked the editor when and where they hold the face to face interview.I asked the policeman whom he had caught stealing on the bus that afternoon.Mary suggested that all be done before the mid-term examinations.The captain demanded that all seamen take action to save the ship.At the beginning of this term our teacher said that every student shall obey the school rules,that every one shall be devoted to their studies and that he would try his best to help us make progress in all fields.学习时应注意问题：.凡表情请求，命令，建议，要求的动词后所跟的宾语从句要用 should 加动词原形式 虚拟语气。这类此有：advise;suggest;ask;order;instruct;insist;desire;recommend;request 等。.His excited voice suggested that he was terribly angry and I suggested that he not think about the matter and keep calm to avoid conflict.The judge insisted that the woman was innocent and that she be set free at once.Jack desired that everything not go against his will.在可跟宾语补足语的句型中还可用 it 做形式宾语而真正宾语从句后置。.They made it clear to the public that they did an important and necessary job.He considered it his duty that the students parents must be well informed of their 名词性从句根据其作用可分为主语从句宾语从句介词宾语从句表语从句和同位语从句引导词引导名词性从句表达陈述语气肯定句和否定句引导名词性从句其无任何实在意义不做任何句子成分只起连接作用当动词后跟一个引导的宾语句子成分动宾从句中既可用又可用其余从句仅用等所有特殊疑问词和这些引导词在从句中都有实在意义且作一定的句子成分因而不可省略它们都表达了一种特殊的疑问情况各论主语从句专用于做主语主语从句与不定式做主语一样常宾语从句学习时应注意问题凡表情请求命令建议要求的动词后所跟的宾语从句要用加动词原形式虚拟语气这类此有等在可跟宾语补足语的句型中还可用做形式宾语而真正宾语从句后置学习好资料欢迎下载有些词不可直接跟宾语从句学习好资料 欢迎下载 children s behavior regularly.We all find it important and necessary that strong measures should be taken to protect the environment.Many pupils takes it for granted that parents should get everything prepared for themselves including their future.They seem to take it for granted that they can show up any time they like.有些词不可直接跟宾语从句，它们也要用 it 做形式宾语。.I hate it when people talk with their mouth full.I like it in autumn when the weather is clear and bright.Please see to it that the electricity and gas are cut off and the doors are locked.I don t like it When the shop assistants follow around.I hate it that you are not around me.I would appreciate it if you would arrange it for us all.We all depend on it that you can give us enough support.3.介词宾语从句：（The Object Clause After Preposition）用在介词后的宾语从句。.I am not interested in what you said.We must take good care of what are now left on the earth.Sarah hopes to become a friend of whoever shares her interests.I don t care about what others think of me.I ll give the books to whoever likes to study.I ll go to work anywhere except where I am not needed.We often do our morning reading in the school yard except when it rains.That depend on where you go.4.表语从句。（The Predicative Clause）.The difficult is that most of smokers can t go without smoking.His proposal is that another dam be built at the foot of the mountain.My question is who will take over the present president.Shenzhen is no longer what she used to be.This is what I saw and what I heard.A nest to a bird is what a house is to a man.My question is whether we should ask him for help.The point is whether we should lend him the money.It looks as if it is going to rain.It seemed that this good man wanted to impress everything upon our minds.Seen from the top,it looks as if the stadium is covered by a gray net of steel.That is why he has been looking so worried these days.5.同位语从句。（The appositive Clause）用于名词后做名词的同位语。但其所用名词是有限的。主要有：idea;fact;thought;news;word;information;promise;order;doubt;truth Answer;belief;hope;suggestion;wonder;decision;problem;fear 等。Despite the fact that he used traditional materials,Gaudi was a modern architect.名词性从句根据其作用可分为主语从句宾语从句介词宾语从句表语从句和同位语从句引导词引导名词性从句表达陈述语气肯定句和否定句引导名词性从句其无任何实在意义不做任何句子成分只起连接作用当动词后跟一个引导的宾语句子成分动宾从句中既可用又可用其余从句仅用等所有特殊疑问词和这些引导词在从句中都有实在意义且作一定的句子成分因而不可省略它们都表达了一种特殊的疑问情况各论主语从句专用于做主语主语从句与不定式做主语一样常宾语从句学习时应注意问题凡表情请求命令建议要求的动词后所跟的宾语从句要用加动词原形式虚拟语气这类此有等在可跟宾语补足语的句型中还可用做形式宾语而真正宾语从句后置学习好资料欢迎下载有些词不可直接跟宾语从句学习好资料 欢迎下载 The fact that he succeeded in the experiment made everybody pleased.Word came that there will be a very terrible earthquake very soon.The idea that he should try a second time is worth considering.I have no idea where he comes from.They expressed their hope that they would come over to visit China again.We all know the truth that the earth goes around the sun.They asked me the question whether the work is worth doing.The problem whether the meeting will be held or not has not decided yet.He put forward a suggestion that the second question should be discussed first.He can t answer the judge s question where and how he get so much money.He made a promise that he would help us whenever we were in trouble.We heard the news that the Chinese football team had defeated the Brazil 2-1 in football.There is no doubt that the Chinese people won t allow Chen-Shuibian to separate Taiwan from China.There is doubt why they are against my plan.The King s decision that many prisoners would be set free surprised the whole nation.名词性从句与定语从句的区别。名词性从句中 that 没有实在意义，不做任何句子成分，仅起连接作用，但不得省略 定语从句中没有 whether 这个引导词，而同位语从句中它为是否之意。定语从句中 idea;fact;thought;news;word;information;promise;order;doubt;truth；answer;belief;hope;suggestion;wonder;decision;problem;fear等这些词后不可以跟 when;where;why;how;who 引导词。He put forward the suggestion that the second question should be discussed first.（同位语从句）The suggestion that he had put forward was turn down.（定语从句）The news that the plane would take off on time made everybody happy.（同位语从句）The news that is spreading around the airport is that a heavy storm is coming.（定语从句）They have collected the information that American is preparing to launch a war against Iran.（同位语从句）The information that has been collected can help us make informed decision.（定语从句）Later he expressed his belief in his scientific research that there is nothing in the world that is impossible.（同位语从句）He later told us his belief in Marxism and Leninism that made him joined the Chinese Communist Party in the 1930s（定语从句）名词性从句根据其作用可分为主语从句宾语从句介词宾语从句表语从句和同位语从句引导词引导名词性从句表达陈述语气肯定句和否定句引导名词性从句其无任何实在意义不做任何句子成分只起连接作用当动词后跟一个引导的宾语句子成分动宾从句中既可用又可用其余从句仅用等所有特殊疑问词和这些引导词在从句中都有实在意义且作一定的句子成分因而不可省略它们都表达了一种特殊的疑问情况各论主语从句专用于做主语主语从句与不定式做主语一样常宾语从句学习时应注意问题凡表情请求命令建议要求的动词后所跟的宾语从句要用加动词原形式虚拟语气这类此有等在可跟宾语补足语的句型中还可用做形式宾语而真正宾语从句后置学习好资料欢迎下载有些词不可直接跟宾语从句学习好资料 欢迎下载 名词性从句根据其作用可分为主语从句宾语从句介词宾语从句表语从句和同位语从句引导词引导名词性从句表达陈述语气肯定句和否定句引导名词性从句其无任何实在意义不做任何句子成分只起连接作用当动词后跟一个引导的宾语句子成分动宾从句中既可用又可用其余从句仅用等所有特殊疑问词和这些引导词在从句中都有实在意义且作一定的句子成分因而不可省略它们都表达了一种特殊的疑问情况各论主语从句专用于做主语主语从句与不定式做主语一样常宾语从句学习时应注意问题凡表情请求命令建议要求的动词后所跟的宾语从句要用加动词原形式虚拟语气这类此有等在可跟宾语补足语的句型中还可用做形式宾语而真正宾语从句后置学习好资料欢迎下载有些词不可直接跟宾语从句
