八年级英语下册（1-3单元）知识点汇总（译林版）.docx

八年级英语下册（13单元）知识点汇总（译林版）八年级英语下册知识点汇总（译林版）Unit 1【重点词组】1.1 n the bowl an hour ago 一个小时之前在碗里的2 .used to do sth.过去常常做某事be used to doing sth.习惯于做某事be used to do sth.被用来做某事3 .do a history project on the changes in Beijing over the years做个有关这些年北京的变化的历史调查4 .write a report on the changes in your home town写一个有关你家乡的变化的报道5 .know about the different forms of transport对不同形式的交通工具很了解6 .talk about transport at different times讨论不同时期的交通工具7 .take turns to do sth.=do sth. by turns 轮流做某事8 .go to school by bike = ride a bike to school 骑自行车去学校9 .wait for the next one 等下一辆车10 .go to school by bus=take a bus to school=go to school on the bus乘公交车去学校11 .interview sb. to get some information为了得到些信息采访某人12 .know sunshine town very well 对阳光镇很 了解13 .be born 出生14 .move house 搬家15 .in the northern part of town 在这个镇的西部16.get married to sb.= marry sb.= be married to sb.和某人结婚22. They have been married for more than fifteen years.他们已经结婚超过15年了。23.1 have to return it because Ihave kept it for too long. 我必须把它归还因为我已经借了太长时间了。24.The best part of the daywas when the elephants took bananas from the visitors.一天中最好的时候就是当大象从游客那拿香蕉的时。【词句解析】1 .speedn.速度点拨at a speed of.以的速度at top speed以最高速Our speed averaged out at 50 km an hour.我们的平均速度是每小时50公里。He drove at a speed of sixty miles per hour.他以每小时60英里的速度开车。拓展speed vt.& vi.急行,加速,超速speed up 力口速 slow down 减速We'd better speed up if we want to get there on time.如果我们想准时到达那里，我们最好加快速度。2 .except z besides 和 except forexcept表示，除去,不包括”，指“从所提到的人或事物中除去，即从整 体中除去一部分”，表示递减的概念，含义是否定的。The company is open every day except Sundays.除了周日，这家公司每天都营业。10You may drop in at any time except at noon.除了中午，你任何时候来都可以。(2)besides表示“除了之外，还有”，指"在整体中加入一部分”，表示递加的概念，含义是肯定的。We all passed the exam besides Tom.除了汤姆外，我们也都及格了。(3)except for也表示“除以外”，表示对整体主要部分的肯定和对局部的否定，起部分修正主要意思的作用。Your writing is good except for a few grammar mistakes.除了几处语法错误外，你的作文写得很好。3 .have/has been to, have/has gone to 和 have/has been in(1)have/has been to表示''去过某地(现在已经回来了几They have been to Beijing twice.他们去过北京两次了。(2)have/has gone to表示'去某地了(说话时某人不在当地)”，指可能在去的路上，可能已在某地，也可能在回来的路上。He has gone to Beijing. He will be back in two months.他去北京了，两个月后回来。(3)have/has been in 表示“在某地”。He has been in Beijing for three weeks.他已经在北京三周了。4 .die, dead,death 和 dying(1)die是动词，意为“死，死亡”，是短暂性动词，不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。11My grandpa died two years ago.我爷爷两年前去世了。The old man died of cancer.那位老人死于癌症。(2)dead是形容词，意为“死了的，无生命的”，表示状态，可以与表示一 段时间的状语连用。The tree has been dead for ten years.那棵树死了有十年了。(3)death是名词，意为“死亡，去世”。The memorial hall was built one year after his death.他去世一年后，那座纪念馆建成了。(4)dying是die的现在分词形式，用作形容词意为“垂死的，即将死去的”。The poor dog had no food. It was dying.那条可怜的狗没有食物，奄奄一息了。5 .for example 和 such asfor example表示“例如"，一般只以同类人或事物中的“一个”为例，作插 入语，用逗号隔开，可置于句首、句中或句末。Ball games, for example, have spread around the world.例如，球类运动已经在世界各地传播开了。(2)such as也表示“例如”，用来列举同类人或事物中的几个例子。English is spoken in many countries, such as Australia and Canada. 许多国家都讲英语，例如澳大利亚和加拿大。6.1 don't think it'll be a holiday for me.我认为这对于我来说将不是假期。12点拨句型“I dorYt think +宾语从句”是含有否定转移的主从复合句，意为 “我认为不”。该句型的主语必须是第一人称；形式上否定主句，翻译 时否定从句。I don't think it's right to make such a hasty decision. 我认为如此仓促地作出决定是不正确的。拓展(1)该句型改为反意疑问句时，必须以宾语从句为准进行变化，而且 宾语从句要视为否定句，即把主句的dorYt所表示的否定拉回到宾语从句中来, 采取“前否后肯”的规则变化。I don't think you are right, are you?我认为你是不对的，不是吗？(2)有类似用法的动词还有believe, suppose, expect等。I don't suppose they will say sorry to her, will they?我认为他们不会对她说对不起，是吧？7.I ran after them and couldn't stop taking photos.我追赶他们，忍不住一直拍照。点拨can stop doing sth意为"忍不住做某事”。类似结构有can't help doing sth ,意为“情不自禁地做某事”。The mothercouldn't stop crying when her son was saved.当她的儿子被救时，妈妈忍不住哭了。(2)take photos 拍照片；take a photo/photos of拍的照片。Some students are taking photos of the river.一些学生正在拍那条河流的照片.【重点语法】现在完成时常见两种句型：13主语 + have/ has been + for 短语ltis + 一段时间+ since从句例如：He has been in the League for three years.或 It is three years since he joined the League.他入团已三年了。延续性动词和终止性动词的概念：英语中，动词按其动作发生的方式、动作发生过程的长短，可分为延续性 动词和终止性动词。延续性动词表示能够延续的动作，这种动作可以延续下去或产生持久影 响。如:learn,work, stand, lie, know, walk, keep, have, wait, watch, sing, read, sleep, live,stay 等。终止性动词也称非延续性动词、瞬间动词或短暂性动词，表示不能延续的 动作，这种动作发生后立即结束。如 :open,close, finish, begin, come, go, arrive, reach, get to, leave, move, borrow,buy 等。延续性动词的用法特征：1 .延续性动词可以用于现在完成时，其完成时态可与表示"段时间"的状语 连用。表示“段时间”的短语有:fortwo years, during the past three years, since last year, how long 等。如:I have learned English since I came here.自从我来到这儿就学英语了。2 .延续性动词不能与表示短暂时间的“点时间”状语连用。如：Itraind at eight yesterday morning.（误）rain为延续性动词，而at eight表示"点时间”,前14 后显然矛盾。如果用延续性动词表示一瞬间的动作，可以借助come,begin, get 等终止性动词来表示。上句可改为：It began to rainat eight yesterday morning.(正)又如：-When did you get to know Jack?-Twoyears ago.-Then you've known each other for more than two years.-Thafsright.终止性动词的用法特征：1 .终止性动词可用来表示某一动作完成，因此可用于现在完成时。如： The train has arrived.火车到了。Have you joined the computer group?你加入电脑小组了吗？2 .终止性动词表示的动作极其短暂，不能持续。因此，不可与表示一段时 间的状语连用(只限肯定式)。如：(1)他死了三年了。误:He has died for three years.正:He has been dead for three years.正:He died three years ago.IE : It is three years since he died.正:Three years has passed since he died.(2)他来这儿五天了。误:Hehas come here for five days.正:Hehas been here for five days.15正:Hecame here five days ago.正:Itis five days since he came here.正:Fivedays has passed since he came here.、(2)句中的die、come为终止性动词，不能与表示"段时间"的状语连 用。那么，应如何正确表达呢？可以采用下面的四种方法：(1)将句中终止性动词转换为相应的延续性动词，如上面两例中的第一种正 确表达方式。下面列举几例：leavebeaway, borrow-keep, buy-have, begin/startbe on, diebe dead, move tolive in,finishbe over, joinbe in/be a member of, open sth.一keep sth. open, fallill>be ill, get up>be up, catch a cold一have a coldo(2)将句中表示"段时间”的状语改为表示过去确定时间的状语，如下面两例 中的第二种正确表达方式。(3)用句型"ltis+段时间+since"表达原意，如上面两例中的第三种正确表 达方式。(4)用句型"时间+haspassed+since"表达原意，如上面两例中的第四种正 确表达方式。3 .终止性动词可用于现在完成时否定式中，成为可以延续的状态，因而可 与表示一段时间的状语连用。如：He hasn't left here since 1986.I haven't heard from my father for two weeks.4 .终止性动词的否定式与until/till连用,构成"not+终止性动词+until/till" 的句型，意为"直到才"o如：16You canft leave here until I arrive.直到我到了，你才能离开这里。I will not go to bed until I finish drawing the picture tonight.今天晚上直到我画完画，我才上床睡觉。5 .终止性动词可以用于when引导的时间状语从句中，但不可以用于while 引导的时间状语从句中。when表示的时间是“点时间"（从句谓语动词用终止性 动词），也可以是"段时间”（从句谓语动词用延续性动词）。而while表示的是一 个较长的时间或过程，从句谓语动词用延续性动词。如：When we reached London, it was twelve o'clock. （reach 为终止性动词）Please look after my daughter while/when we are away, （be away 为延 续性动词短语）6 .终止性动词完成时不可与how long连用（只限于肯定式）。如：误:How long have you come here?正:How long have you been here?正:When did you come here?八年级英语下册知识点汇总（译林版）Unit 3【重点词组】1. Online tours 网上旅行2. change the channel 换频道3. the remote control 遥控器4. learn about places of interest around the world了解全世界的名胜5. with the help of the Internet or libraries在网络或图书馆的帮助下176. usesth to do/ use sth. for sth. 用做7. do word processing 做文字处理8. search for the information 搜索信息9. send and receive emails 发送和接收电子邮件10. watch videos看录11. be fast and easy快捷12. a website called u Around the World in Eight Hours”名叫“八小时环游世界”的网站13. a tour guide 导游14. at the top of 在顶部15. click on点击16. the world-famous trade centre举世闻名的贸易中心17. at the southern end of Manhattan Island在曼哈顿岛的南端18. international banks 国际银行19. further on 再向前20. Don, t miss Broadway.不要错过百老汇。21. be famous for its theatres以它的剧院著名22. since the early twentieth century自从20世纪早期起23 . hear of 听说24 .so much for 到此为止25 .at the bottom of在的底部26 .tickets to different places去不同地方的票27 . fall from the sky 从天上掉下来28 .start a new online tour开始一次新的网上旅行29.another great place to visit另一个参观的好地方1830.gather there to welcome the new year聚在那里迎接新年31.on Manhattan Island在曼哈顿岛32 .write an email to sb.给某人写电子邮件33 .dream of/about 梦想，想象dream of / about doing sth.梦见做某事34 . Have you ever dreamt of travelling the world without a passport?你曾经梦见过不带护照周游世界吗？35 .realize your dream 实现你的梦想36 .take an online tour进行网上旅行37 .show me an online tour of the USA给我演示美国的网上旅行38.the other day前几天39.further down继续向下40.on the north-east coast of Australia在澳大利亚东北海岸41.on the website在网站上42.look like a ship with many sails看起来像一艘有很多帆的轮船43. Australian seasons are the opposite of ours.澳大利亚的季节和我们的是相反的。44. an online course 网上课程45. book tickets and hotels 预定票和旅馆46. daily English 日常英语47. order meals 点菜，订餐48. use English in daily communication在日常交际中使用英语49. an island country 一个岛国50. the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国1917.marrysb.tosb .把某人嫁给某人18.move two blocks away搬到两个街区以外19.live in this area 住在这个地区20.since then自从那以后since I was bornsince last Saturdaysince three days ago21.over the years 这些年over the past century 在过去的几个世纪22.in the town centre= in the centre of the town 在镇中心23 .turn/change/put sth. into 把某物变成某物24 .a steel factory 一个钢铁厂25 .put the waste into the river 把垃圾倒入河里put down 记下put away 收好put on穿上put off推迟、延期26 .take action to improve the situation采取行动改善这种情况27.in some ways 在某些方面on the way (to )在的路上by the way 顺便说noway 没门in any way 无论如何28.most of my old friends大部分我的老朋友29.move away 搬走/move to(into) another town30.see each other as often as before像以前一样经常看到对方31.play cards and Chinese chess 打牌和下棋3 2.fee I a bit lonely 感到有点孤单51. be made up of 由组成52. the capital city首都城市53. in this old European country在这个古老的欧洲国家中54. Among them is the British Museum.（倒装句）大英博物馆就在其中【重点句型】1. What do you usually use your computer for?你通常用电脑干什么？2. Have you noticed the “Tour” icon at the top of the page?你注意到这一页顶部的“Tour”键吗？3. Every year; thousands of people gather here on New Year' s Eve.每年新年前夜，数以千计的人们聚集在那里。4. It' s exciting to see the huge glass ball falling through the darkness!看巨大的球在黑暗中落下，真是太让人兴奋了！5. In the centre of the island is Central Park.（倒装句）岛的中心是中央广场。6. With several lakes, hills anda large green lawn, it' s a good place to relax after a hard day' s work.（公园内）有几片湖泊、几座小山以及一大片草坪，是人们辛苦工作一天后放松的好地方。7. To learn about a city, just find it in the menu at the top of the page and click on it.要了解一座城市，只要在这一页顶部的菜单里找到它并点击。8. Would/do you mind doing ?你介意做吗？9. -Would you mind showing me how to start this online tour?-Of course not.你介意给我演示如何开始这次网上旅行吗？一当然不（介意）。10. -Thanks for your help.-My pleasure./ It' s my/ a pleasure.20-感谢你的帮助。一不用谢，这是我乐意的。【重点语法】一般过去时和现在完成时的区别一般过去时和现在完成时都可以表示过去发生的动作，但是在具体的语境中，这两种时 态有明显的区别。1 .一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的事情或存在的状态，说话的侧重点在陈述过去发 生的事情或状态。e.g.I went to Beijing last month 我上个月去北京Tom was in China in 20082008 年 Tom 在中国2 .现在完成时表示到说话时为止已经发生或完成（但不一定结束）的动作或状态，强调 造成的结果或对现在产生的影响。e.g.I have bought a new mobile phone我买了一部新手机。（言下之意：我有新手机用了）I have been to London many times我去过伦敦很多次（言下之意：我对伦敦很熟悉）3 .一般过去时通常与表示过去的时间状语连用。如：yesterday, last week, ago/ inl980, in October, just, now 等。4 .现在完成时则通常和频度副词或表示一段时间的状语连用。如：already, since, for + 一段时间,so far 到目前为止，up to now 直到现在,until/till now 直到现在in pastyears在过去的几年中，等。2133 .from time to time = at times = sometimes 有时34 .because of being alone 因为独自一人35 .a group of buildings with streets on all sides街道两边全是高楼on both sides/ on each side36 .interview sb.= have an interview with sb. 采访某人37 .all his life 整个他的一生38 .in the past 在过去 at present 现在39 .make some notes 做些笔记40 .waste sth. on sth./ sb.浪费某物在某物/某人上41 .repair over ten bicycles= repair more than ten bicycles修理超过10辆自行车42 .teach sb. a lot about the history of China教我很多有关中国的历史43 .talk about a film about the history of Beijing讨论一个有关北京历史的影片44 .learn more about Beijing' s past and present对北京的过去和现在了解更多45 .hear about/of 听说hear from sb.=receive/get one' s letter=receive/get a letter of sb.收到某人来信46 .living conditions 居住条件47 .return sth. to sb,把某物归还给某人48 .go abroad 去国外 at home or abroad 在国内外49 .at primary school 在小学50 .keep in touch with each other 互相保持联系51 .make communication much easier 使得联系更容易Communicate with sb.和某人保持联系52 .take place发生（有目的有计划的）、举行happen发生（偶然发生）53 .green hills all around 到处都是绿山54 .a river runs through the center of town 一条小河穿过镇中心55 .get used to the changes of life 习惯了生活的变化56 .on one, s own = by oneself = alone 独自57.throw rubbish 扔垃圾1.1 in some large open spaces在一些大的开阔的地方59 .move into new flats 搬到新公寓去60 .in their free time在他们业余时间61 .travel around the town 在镇里转转62 .have their own cars= have cars of their own有他们自己的汽车63 .use the new words to talk about my hometown用些新词来讨论我的家乡64 .use facts to support my opinions用事实来支持我的观点【重点句型】1 .There were always too many people on the bus, and it took a long time to wait for the next one.公共汽车上总是有太多的人，并且要花费很长时间等待下一趟。2Jt has become impossible for us to see each other as often as before.对我们来说像以前一样经常见到彼此已经不可能。3 .Amazing changes have taken place in Sunshine Town.Sunshine Town已经发生了惊人的变化。4 .Local people used to live in old houses,but now,most of them have moved into new flats.当地人过去常常居住在旧房子里，但是现在他们大多数已经搬到了新的公寓。5 .We mainly communicate by email.The Internet makes communication much easier.我们主要通过电子邮件交流，网络使交流变得更加容易。6.It is not easy to get used to the changes of life quickly.习惯生活的快速变化是不容易的。7.My uncle used to live in the city,but now he is used to living in the countryside.我叔叔过去居住在城市，但现在他习惯于居住在乡下。8.1 have to spend more time on my homework than before.比起以前我不得不花费更多的时间在我的家庭作业上。八年级英语下册知识点汇总(译林版)Unit 2【词汇拓展】1. beautiful(adj.) >beauty(n.)美人,美丽2. sail(v.) 一sailing(n.)帆船运动3. fly(v.) ->flight(n.)航班4. die(v.) -dead (adj.)死的5. direct(adj.) >directly(adv.)6. indoor(adj.) outdoor(反义词)【重点词组】1 .go on a trip to.到作一次旅行2 .must be great fun 定彳艮有趣3 .take .out for a few days 带出去几天4 .bring sth with sb 把带在身边5 . come 0rl快点；加油6 .tourist attractions 旅游景点7 .a symbol of的象征8 .go skiing 去滑雪9 .go hiking 去远足10 .see the beautiful view 看美丽的风景11 .take photos 拍照12 .welcome to. 欢迎到13 .write to sb 写信给14 .have a fantastic time 玩得很高兴15 .the whole day 整天16 .by underground 乘地铁17 .at the entrance 在入口处18 .move at high speed 高速运行19 .a fast food restaurant 一家快餐店20 .be interested in 对感兴趣21 .can't stop taking photos 不停地拍照22 .a parade of Disney characters 迪斯尼人物的游行23 .later in the afternoon 下午晚些时候24 .the best part of the day 一天中最精彩的部分25 .wave to .向挥手致意26 .all the way 一路上27 .be like magic 像魔术一样28 .the great Tion King' show 精彩的狮王表演29 .buy some souvenirs 买一些纪念品30 .at the end of. 在结束时31 .watch fireworks 观看烟火32 .look shiny and beautiful under the fireworks在烟火映衬下看起来很闪亮1.1 in all 一共，总计34 .an exciting trip 一次刺激的旅行35 .show sth to sb 把某物给某人看36 .a line of people 一队人37 .wait in line 排队等候38 .a meaningful experience 一次有意义的经历39 .a really delightful holiday 一次真得令人高兴的假日40 .colourful costumes 多姿多彩的服饰41 .a member of一名成员42 .travel to Shengzhen 到深圳旅游43 .a