Unit 1 Starting out & Understanding ideas 同步练习 高中英语新外研版选择性必修第一册（2022-2023学年）.docx

Starting out & Understanding ideasI .阅读理解AYou probably laugh at something you find funny, but how much do you really know about jokes and humour? Readers Digest (RD) questioned several experts to give us some facts about them.RD： What*s the oldest joke in the world?“We can't know the oldest joke in the world because it would have existed earlier than writing, “says Christie Davies, professor of sociology at the University of Reading in the UK.The oldest joke book that's been found so far is the Greek Philogeloslt dates from the 19th century AD, although the jokes date from an earlier time.According to the psychologist Steve Wilson, director of National Humour Month (April in the US), it contains 265 jokes.RD： Do some people fail to develop a sense of humour?Rod Martin, professor of psychology at the Western University in Canada, believes that while everyone is born without a sense of humour, as we develop, humour and laughter begin to appear.uOf course, some children are more serious, quiet and less likely to laugh frequently, but this doesn't mean they don*t have a sense of humour."And according to Steve Wilson, there are no adults who don*t have a sense of humour."Almost everyone is able to develop a sense of humour, and I teach people how, “ he says.RD： Do people share a sense of humour unique to their own nation?Sense of humour does differ a lot by country, according to an author named Scott Weems.British humour is thought to be absurd (荒谬的)in nature, while American humour has an aggressive quality.According to a study, Germans are found to find everything funny.1. What do we know about the oldest joke book?A. It remains unknown.B It was written in Greek.C. It was found in the UK.D It contains the oldest joke.2. What does Rod Martin agree with about people's sense of humour?A. Nobody is born with a sense of humour.B. Some adults lose it when they grow up.C. Childhood is the best time to develop such an ability.D. Children have a poorer sense of humour than adults.3. What kind of humour has an aggressive feature?A. British humour.B German humour.情绪、促进人的心理健康有很大的益处。9. According to the new research, what can make people happier?A. Less pollution.B Fewer rainy days.C More cold weather.D. More exposure to sunlight.解析：选D 细节理解题。根据第一段最后两句可知，最新研究发现，阳光照射是迄今 为止影响心理健康的最大的天气因素。换句话说，更多的阳光，更多的幸福。所以根据最新 研究，更多地暴露在阳光下能让人们更快乐。10. The underlined word “archived“ in the second paragraph means "A. composedB. discussedC. recordedD. adjusted解析：选C词义猜测题。根据第二段内容可知，在这项研究中，来自BYU的一名心 理学家、一名物理学家和一名统计师合作，将该大学物理和天文气象站的日常环境数据与该 大学咨询和心理服务部每天存档的16 452名成年患者的情绪健康数据进行比较。所以通过 上下文语境可以判断出，“archived”一词是指“记录”的意思。11. What did the researchers think of the findings of the research?A. They were as expected.B They were surprising.C They needed professional proof.D. They were not inclusive enough.解析：选B细节理解题。根据第三段中Dr. Mark Beecher所说的话可知，研究人员很 惊讶，他们纳入研究的许多天气和污染变量，在考虑了日照时间后，与患者的得分没有显著 关联。所以研究人员认为研究结果令人惊讶。12. What is the author's purpose in writing the text?A. To inform readers of a new study.B. To tell people a piece of good news.C. To introduce a new way to gain happiness.D. To explain the benefits of walking in nature.解析；选A 写作意图题。通读全文可知，文章第一段介绍了一项新的研究发现：阳光 照射是迄今为止影响心理健康的最大天气因素。更多的阳光，更多的幸福。下文则是对该研 究的具体介绍。所以作者写这篇文章的目的是告诉读者一项新的研究。n.阅读七选五There is an English saying： " 1 " Until recently, few people took the saying seriously.Now, however, doctors have begun to look into laughter and the effects it has on the human body. 2Tests were carried out to study the effects of laughter on the body.People watched funny films while doctors checked their hearts, blood pressure, breathing and muscles.lt was found that laughter has similar effects compared with physical exercise. 3 If laughter exercises the body, it must be beneficial.Other tests have shown that laughter appears to be able to reduce the effect of pain on the body.In one experiment doctors produced pain in groups of students who listened to different radio programs.The group that tolerated （忍耐）the pain for the longest time was the group which listened to a funny program. 45 They have found that even if their patients do not really feel like laughing, making them smile is enough to produce beneficial effects similar to those caused by laughter.A. Laughter can prolong one's life.B. As a result of these discoveries, some doctors in the United States now hold laughter clinics in which they help to improve their patients1 condition by encouraging them to laugh.C. The reason why laughter can reduce pain seems to be that it helps to produce a kind of chemical in the brain which diminishes both stress and pain.D. It increases blood pressure, the heart beating and breathing; it also works several groups of muscles in the face, the stomach and even the feet.E. Although laughter helps cure the disease, doctors still cannot put this theory into clinic practice.F. Laughter is the best medicine.G. They have found that laughter can really improve people's health.语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章告诉我们大笑的好处，而且笑声还能缓解疼痛。1 .选F根据前文可知，作者此处要引用谚语，因此要找一个概括总结的句子，结合 全文内容可知，F项最符合题意。2 . 选 G 根据上文 doctors have begun to look into laughter and the effects it has on the human body可知，下句很可能说医生的发现，因此G项符合语境,G项中的they指代doctors。3 .选D前文讲到大笑和身体锻炼有相似的功效，此处应该是具体描述都有哪些功效， 故D项符合题意。4 .选 C 本段谈到 laughter appears to be able to reduce the effect of pain on the body 以及 对此进行的实验，空处应是对这个实验的总结，故C项符合题意。5 .选B 根据后文内容可知，空处应与doctors和patients有关，且应表达出医生利用 让病人大笑来为病人治疗的意思，故B项符合题意。C. Canadian humour.D. American humour.4. Where can you probably find the text?A. In a popular magazine.B. In a research paper.BWe all know that friends are special people whom we share our lives with, and who share their lives with us in return.But seeking friends and keeping the friendship going are never easy.According to a research recently published in the Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, the key is to use “we-talk”.Led by University of California psychologist Megan Robbins and her colleagues, the researchers reviewed and analyzed 30 different studies involving over 5,000 participants.This largest-ever analysis of “we-talk“ suggested that the frequent use of "we”and "us” is linked to happier and healthier relationships.The word "we" moves people from an individual position into a partnership, which makes us more interdependent."The pronouns offer an insight into whether people see themselves as individuals or as part of a whole . Word use is a window into what people are thinking and feeling without asking them, ” Robbins told Science Daily.Their research also found that "we-talk"is helpful in resolving conflicts.uThe primary point is that interdependence may bring about supportive and relationship-centered behaviors and positive perceptions （看法）of the partner - especially important in times of stress and conflict, “ said study author Alexander Karan.US-based magazine Psychology Today used the word “uniorT to describe the impact on a partner upon hearing "we-talk”.Contrary to ”we-talk”, there is “I-talk”, which refers to the frequent use of first-person singular pronouns, such as "I”， “me"， and “mine”, when writing or speaking.Earlier this year, researchers from the University of Arizona, US, analyzed a set of data that came from 4,700 people in Germany and the US.They found that too much “I-talk“ is an accurate linguistic marker for the likelihood that someone is feeling stressed or experiencing negative emotions.“If you are speaking in a personal context - so you're speaking about something thafs of relevance to you, “ lead researcher Allison Tackman told The Independent."But if you're communicating in a context that's more impersonal, such as describing a picture, we did not see the relationship emerge.”As you can see from the two studies, too much "I-talk” can make you feel depressed.But “we-talk“ can encourage you to become more positive and create a ripple effect （连锁反应）of healthy interdependence with others.So next time you're talking to a friend, try using more "we-talk”, You may find yourself feeling more positive and the effect it will have on your friend will be positive as well.5. According to Megan Robbins and her colleagues1 research, we can infer the following EXCEPT .A. too much "I-talk" certainly indicates pressure or depressionB. more than 5,000 people were involved in their researchC. the more we use “we" and “us"， the happier we may feelD. “we-talk“ may help us build better teamwork in our work6 . What can be the benefit of "we-talk" ?A. We may avoid arguments and conflicts with it.B It may help promote friendship in our life.C. It can help produce a feeling of individualism.D. We can become more independent of others.7. What does the underlined part in Paragraph 8 mean?A. A person tends to use “I-talk“ too much if he is experienced.B. “I-talk“ is an exact linguistic marker for people's feelings.C. If a person uses "I-talk" a lot, he is probably in a bad mood.D. It is possible that someone likes "I-talk“ when he is in an impersonal context.8. What is the main idea of the passage?A. Using “we-talk“ contributes to building good social relationships.B. The importance of choosing the word in our daily conversation.C. Using too much "I-talk“ may lead you to become upset.D. Introduction to "we-talk“ in our daily communication.CAs the days get shorter and the cold weather rolls in, we all want to curl up in a blanket and sleep until spring rolls around.But making time to get outside in the sun, even when it's cold outside, could have bigger mood benefits than you might realize.New research finds that sunlight exposure is by far the greatest weather-related factor determining mental health.In other words, more sunshine, more happiness.For the study, a psychologist, a physicist and a statistician from BYU teamed up to compare daily environmental data from the university's Physics and Astronomy Weather Station with emotional health data archived by day for 16,452 adult patients who were being treated at the university's Counseling and Psychological Services.Other weather variables （可变因素）including temperature, pollution and rain were not found to have an impact on mental health.“We were surprised that many of the weather and pollution variables we included in the study were not significantly related to patients* scores once we had accounted for sun time, “said Dr. Mark Beecher, a professor of psychology at the university and the study's lead author.Exposure to sunlight is a significant factor in seasonal affective disorder.Research has shown that the brain produces more of the feel-good neurotransmitter serotonin on sunny days than it does on darker days.What's more, lack of sunlight is linked with lower vitamin D levels, which in turn has been correlated with depression and low energy.In addition to seeking professional help if you need it, taking a walk in the sun can help.Walking in nature is known to reduce stress, improve cognitive function, lighten the mood and even put the brain into a peaceful state.9. According to the new research, what can make people happier?A. Less pollution.B Fewer rainy days.C - More cold weather.D. More exposure to sunlight.10. The underlined word "archived“ in the second paragraph means "A. composedB. discussedC. recordedD. adjusted11. What did the researchers think of the findings of the research?A. They were as expected.B. They were surprising.C. They needed professional proof.D. They were not inclusive enough.12. What is the author's purpose in writing the text?A. To inform readers of a new study.B , To tell people a piece of good news.C. To introduce a new way to gain happiness.D. To explain the benefits of walking in nature.II.阅读七选五There is an English saying： " 1 " Until recently, few people took the saying seriously.Now, however, doctors have begun to look into laughter and the effects it has on the human body. 2Tests were carried out to study the effects of laughter on the body.People watched funny films while doctors checked their hearts, blood pressure, breathing and muscles.lt was found that laughter has similar effects compared with physical exercise. 3 If laughter exercises the body, it must be beneficial.Other tests have shown that laughter appears to be able to reduce the effect of pain on the body.In one experiment doctors produced pain in groups of students who listened to different radio programs.The group that tolerated （忍耐）the pain for the longest time was the group which listened to a funny program. 45 They have found that even if their patients do not really feel like laughing, making them smile is enough to produce beneficial effects similar to those caused by laughter.A. Laughter can prolong one's life.B. As a result of these discoveries, some doctors in the United States now hold laughter clinics in which they help to improve their patients* condition by encouraging them to laugh.C. The reason why laughter can reduce pain seems to be that it helps to produce a kind of chemical in the brain which diminishes both stress and pain.D. It increases blood pressure, the heart beating and breathing; it also works several groups of muscles in the face, the stomach and even the feet.E. Although laughter helps cure the disease, doctors still cannot put this theory into clinic practice.F. Laughter is the best medicine.G. They have found that laughter can really improve people's health.Starting out & Understanding ideasI .阅读理解AYou probably laugh at something you find funny, but how much do you really know about jokes and humour? Readers Digest (RD) questioned several experts to give us some facts about them.RD： What's the oldest joke in the world?“We can't know the oldest joke in the world because it would have existed earlier than writing, “says Christie Davies, professor of sociology at the University of Reading in the UK.The oldest joke book thats been found so far is the Greek Philogelos.lt dates from the 19th century AD, although the jokes date from an earlier time.According to the psychologist Steve Wilson, director of National Humour Month (April in the US), it contains 265 jokes.RD： Do some people fail to develop a sense of humour?Rod Martin, professor of psychology at the Western University in Canada, believes that while everyone is born without a sense of humour, as we develop, humour and laughter begin to appear.uOf course, some children are more serious, quiet and less likely to laugh frequently, but this doesn't mean they don't have a sense of humour."And according to Steve Wilson, there are no adults who don*t have a sense of humour."Almost everyone is able to develop a sense of humour, and I teach people how, “ he says.RD： Do people share a sense of humour unique to their own nation?Sense of humour does differ a lot by country,