2023 全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(二)试题.docx

绝密启用前2023年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）（科目代码204）考生注意事项1. 答题前，考生必须在试题册指定位置上填写考生姓名和考生编号; 在答题卡指定位置上填写报考单位、考生姓名和考生编号，并涂写 考生编号信息点。2. 考生须把试题册上的试卷条形码粘贴条取下，粘贴在答题卡“试卷 条形码粘贴位置”框中。不按规定粘贴条形码而影响评卷结果的，责 任由考生自负。3. 选择题的答案必须涂写在答题卡相应题号的选项上，非选择题的答 案必须书写在答题卡指定位置的边框区域内。超出答题区域书写的答 案无效；在草稿纸、试题册上答题无效。4. 填（书）写部分必须使用黑色字迹签字笔或者钢笔书写，字迹工整、 笔迹清楚；涂写部分必须使用2B铅笔填涂。5. 考试结束后，将答题卡和试题册按规定一并交回，不可带出考场。考生姓名：考生编号：Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET .( 10 points)Heres a common scenario that any number of entrepreneurs face today: youre the CEO of a small business, and though youre making a nice _1_, you need to find a way to take it to the next level. What you need to do is_2_growth by establishing a growth team. A growth team is made up of members from different departments within your company, and it harnesses the power of collaboration to focus _3_on finding ways to grow.Lets look at a real-world _4_. Prior to forming a growth team, the software company BitTorrent had 50 employees working in the _5_departments of engineering, marketing and product development. This brought them good results until 2012, when their growth plateaued. The _6_was that too many customers were using the basic, free version of their product. And _7_improvements to the premium, paid version, few people were making the upgrade.Things changed, _8_, when an innovative project-marketing manager came aboard, _9_ a growth team and sparked the kind of_10_ perspective they needed. By looking at engineering issues from a marketing point of view, it became clear that the _11_of upgrades wasnt due to a quality issue. Most customers were simply unaware of the premium version and what it offered.Armed with this _12_, the marketing and engineering teams joined forces to raise awareness by prominently _13_ the premium version to users of the free version _14_, upgrades skyrocketed, and revenue increased by 92 percent.But in order for your growth team to succeed, it needs to have a strong leader. It needs someone who can _15_the interdisciplinary team and keep them on course for improvement. This leader will _16_the target area, set clear goals and establish a time frame for the _17_of these goals.The growth leader is also _18_for keeping the team focused on moving forward and steering them clear of distractions. _19_attractive new ideas can be distracting, the team leader must recognize when these ideas dont _20_ the current goal and need to be put on the back burner.1. A. purchaseB. profitC. connectionD. bet2. A. defineB. predictC. prioritizeD. appreciate3. A. exclusivelyB. temporarilyC. potentiallyD. initially4. A. experimentB. proposalC. debateD. example5. A. identicalB. marginalC. provisionalD. traditional6. A. rumorB. secretC. mythD. problem7. A. despiteB. unlikeC. throughD. besides8. A. moreoverB. howeverC. thereforeD. again9. A. inspectedB. createdC. expandedD. reformed10. A. culturalB. objectiveC. freshD. personal11. A. endB. burdenC. lackD.decrease12. A. policyB. suggestionC. purposeD. insight13. A. contributingB. allocatingC. promotingD. transferring14. A. As a resultB. At any rateC. By the wayD. In a sense15. A. uniteB. financeC. followD. choose16. A. shareB. identifyC. divideD. broaden17. A. announcementB. assessmentC. adjustmentD. accomplishment18. A. famousB. responsibleC. availableD. respectable19. A. BeforeB. OnceC. WhileD. Unless20. A. serveB. limitC. summarizeD. alterSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B,C, or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1In the quest for the perfect lawn, homeowners across the country are taking a shortcut - and it is the environment that is paying the price. About eight million square metres of plastic grass is sold each year but opposition has now spread to the highest gardening circles. The Chelsea Flower Show has banned fake grass from this years event, declaring it to be not part of its ethos. The Royal Horticultural Society (RHS), which runs the annual show in west London, says it has introduced the ban because of the damage plastic grass does to the environment and biodiversity.Ed Horne, of the RHS, said: "We launched our sustainability strategy last year and fake grass is just not in line with our ethos and views on plastic. We recommend using real grass because of its environmental benefits, which include supporting wildlife, alleviating flooding and cooling the environment.”The RHSs decision comes as campaigners try to raise awareness of the problems fake grass causes. A Twitter account, which claims to “cut through the green-wash” of artificial grass, already has more than 20,000 followers. It is trying to encourage people to sign two petitions, one calling for a ban on the sale of plastic grass and another calling for an “ecological damage” tax on such lawns. They have gathered 7, 276 and 11, 282 signatures.However, supporters of fake grass point out that there is also an environmental impact with natural lawns, which need mowing and therefore usually consume electricity or petrol. The industry also points out that real grass requires considerable amounts of water, weed killer or other treatments and that people who lay fake grass tend to use their garden more. The industry also claims that people who lay fake grass spend an average of £500 on trees or shrubs for their garden, which provides habitat for insects.In response to another petition last year about banning fake lawns, which gathered 30,000 signatures, the government responded that it has “no plans to ban the use of artificial grass.It added: “We prefer to help people and organizations make the right choice rather than legislating on such matters, However the use of artificial grass must comply with the legal and policy safeguards in place to protect biodiversity and ensure sustainable drainage, while measures such as the strengthened biodiversity duty should serve to encourage public authorities to consider sustainable alternatives.”21. The RHS thinks that plastic grass.A. is harmful to the environmentB. is a hot topic in gardening circlesC. is overpraised in the annual showD. is ruining the view of west London.22. The petitions mentioned in Paragraph 3 reveal the campaigners5.A. disappointment with RHSB. resistance to fake grass useC. anger over the proposed taxD. concern above real grass supply23. In Paragraph 4, supporters of fake grass point out.A. the necessity to lower the cost of fake grassB. the disadvantages of growing real grassC. the way to take care of artificial lawnsD. the challenges of insect habitat protection24. What should the government do with regard to artificial glass?A. Urge legislation to restrict its use.B. Take measures to guarantee its quality.C. Remind its users to obey existing rules.D. Replace it with sustainable alternatives.25. It can be learned from the text take fake grass.A. is being improved continuouslyB. has seen a market share declineC. is becoming increasingly affordableD. has been a controversial productText 2Its easy to dismiss as absurd the Trump administration's ideas for plugging the chronic funding gap of our national parks. Can anyone really think it's a good idea to allow Amazon deliveries to your tent in Yosemite or food trucks to line up under the redwood trees at SequoiaNational Park?But the administration is right about one thing: U.S. national parks are in crisis. Collectively, they have a maintenance backlog of more than $12 billion. Roads, trails, restrooms, visitor centers and other infrastructure are crumbling.But privatizing and commercializing the campgrounds would not be the panacea that the Interior Departments Outdoor Advisory Committee would have us believe. Campgrounds are a tiny portion of the overall infrastructure backlog, and concessionaires in the parks hand over, on average, only about 5% of their revenues to the National Park Service.Moreover, increased privatization would certainly undercut one of the major reasons why 300 million visitors come to the parks each year: to enjoy nature and get a respite from the commercial drumbeat that overwhelms daily life.The real problem is that the parks have been chronically starved of funding. We conducted a comprehensive survey examining how U.S. residents view their national parks, and we found that Americans place a very high value on them whether or not they actually visit them. The peer- reviewed economic survey of 700 U.S. taxpayers, conducted by mail and internet, also found that people would be willing to pay a significant amount of money to make sure the parks and their programs are kept intact. Some 81% of respondents said they would be willing to pay additional taxes for the next 10 years to avoid any cuts to the national parks.The national parks provide great value to U.S. residents both as places to escape and as symbols of nature. On top of this, they produce value from their extensive educational programs, their positive impact on the climate through carbon sequestration, their contribution to our cultural and artistic life, and of course through tourism. The parks also help keep Americas past alive, working with thousands of local jurisdictions around the country to protect historical sites including Ellis Island and Gettysburg and to bring the stories of these places to life.The parks do all this on a shoestring. Congress allocates only $3 billion a year to the national park system an amount that has been flat since 2001 (in inflation-adjusted dollars) with the exception of a onetime boost in 2009 as part of the Obama stimulus package. Meanwhile, the number of annual visitors has increased by more than 50% since 1980, and now stands at 330 million visitors per year.26. What problem are U.S. national parks faced with?A. decline of business profitsB. inadequate commercializationC. lack of transportation servicesD. poorly maintained infrastructure27. Increased privatization of campground mayA. spoil visitor experienceB. help preserve natureC. bring operational pressureD. boost visitors to parks28. According to paragraphs5 ,most respondents in the survey wouldA. go to the national parks on a regular basisB. advocate a bigger budget for the national parksC. agree to pay extra for the national parksD. support the national parks recent reforms29. The national parks are valuable in that theyA. lead the way in tourismB. have historical significanceC. sponsor research on climateD. provide an income for the locals30. It can be concluded from the text that the national park systemA. is able to cope with staff shortagesB. is able to meet visitor5 demandsC. is in need of a new pricing policyD. is in need of a funding increaseText 3The Internet may be changing merely what we remember, not our capacity to do so, suggests Columbia University psychology professor Betsy Sparrow. In 2011, Sparrow led a study in which participants were asked to record 40 factoids in a computer (“an ostrich's eye is bigger than its brain, for example). Half of the participants were told the information would be erased, while the other half were told it would be saved. Guess what? The latter group made no effort to recall the information when quizzed on it later, because they knew they could find it on their computers. In the same study, a group was asked to remember both the information and the folders it was stored in. They didn't remember the information, but they remembered how to find the folders. In other words, human memory is not deteriorating but “adopting to new communications technology,” Sparrow says.In a very practical way, the Internet is becoming an external hard drive for our memories, a process known as “cognitive offloading.” Traditionally, this role was fulfilled by data banks, libraries, and other humans. Your father may never remember birthdays because your mother does, for instance. Some worry that this is having a destructive effect on society, but Sparrow sees an upside. Perhaps, she suggests, the trend will change our approach to learning from a focus on individual facts and memorization to an emphasis on more conceptual thinking something that is not available on the Internet. “I personally have never seen all that much intellectual value in memorizing things,” Sparrow says, adding that we havent lost our ability to do it.Still other experts say its too soon to understand how the Internet affects our brains. There is no experimental evidence showing that it interferes with our ability to focus, for instance, wrote psychologists Christopher Chabris and Daniel. J. Simons. And surfing the web exercised the brain more than reading did among computer-savvy older adults in a 2008 study involving 24 participants at the Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior at the University of California, Los Angeles.“There may be costs associated with our increased reliance on the Internet, but Id have to imagine that overall the benefits are going to outweigh those costs,” observes psychology professor Benjamin Storm. “It seems pretty clear that memory is changing, but is it changing for the better? At this point, we dont know.”31. Sparrows study shows that with the Internet, the human brain will.A. analyze information in detailB. collect information efficientlyC. switch its focus of memoryD. extend its memory duration32. The process of “cognitive offloading”.A. helps us identify false informationB. keeps our memory from failingC. enables us to classify trivial factsD. lessens our memory burdens33. Which of the following would Sparrow support about the Internet?A. It may reform our learning approach.B. It may impact our society negatively.C. It may enhance our adaptability to technology.D. It may interfere with our conceptual thinking.34. It is indicated in Para. 3 that how the Internet affects our brains?A. requires further academic researchB. is most studied in older adultsC. is reflected in our reading speedD. depends on our web-surfing habits35. Neither Sparrow nor Storm would agree that.A. our reliance on the Internet will be costlyB. the Internet is weakening our memoryC. memory exercise is a must for our brainsD. our ability to focus declines with ageText 4Teenagers are paradoxical. Thats a mild and detached way of saying something that parents often express with considerably stronger language. But the paradox is scientific as well as personal. In adolescence, helpless and dependent children who have r