高一定语从句导学案中学教育高考英语_中学教育-高中教育.pdf

学习必备 欢迎下载 高一定语从句(the Attributive Clause)导学案【学习目标】：1、掌握定语从句的定义。2、掌握关系代词 that,who,which,whom和 whose的用法。3、掌握关系副词 when，where，why 的用法。4、掌握介词+which 的用法 5.、能够灵活运用定语从句。【学习方法】：1、根据学案中所给出的练习总结定语从句的用法。2、背诵典型句子 3、多做练习进行运用和分析 【语法知识点】1.定语从句-在复合句中充当定语的从句叫定语从句。定语从句的作用相当于形容词，用来修饰主句中的某一 名词、代词或整个主句 2.先行词-被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。先行词可以为一个词，短语，或整个主句。3.关系词-在先行词和定语从句之间起连接作用的词叫关系词，分成关系代词和关系副词.4.关系代词和关系副词有三大作用：连接-连接定语从句和主句 替代-替代前面的先行词 成分-在定语从句中充当一定的句子成分 （主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语）例1.A huge crack（that was eight kilometres long and thirty metres wide）（先行词）(关系词)（定语从句）cut across houses,roads and canals.【学习过程】Part1.关系词的使用 1、完成表格 关系代词 先行词（指 人 或物）在从句中充当什么成分 例句分析 that 指人/物 作主语、宾语（作宾语时 可 以 省略）A huge crack that was eight kilometres long and thirty metres wide cut across houses,roads and canals.I dont know about the man(that)you mentioned.who 指人 作主语 The number of people who were killed or seriously injured reached more than 400,000.whom 指人 作宾语（可以省略）The man(whom)you met yesterday is Mr.Smith.The boy(whom)you are looking for is hidden behind the tree.学习必备 欢迎下载 which 指物 作主语、宾语（作宾语时 可 以 省略）Then,later that afternoon,another big quake which was almost as strong as the first one shook Tangshan.The pen(which)my uncle gave me is missing.whose 指人/物 作定语 Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed.=.the homes of whom had been destroyed.=of whom the homes had been destroyed【注】whose+n=the+n.+of which/whom 或 of which/whom+the+n.as 正如.指人/物 作主语、宾语（不可省略）We have found such materials as are used in their factory.He is not the same man as he was.As we all had expected,Liuxiang won the gold medal in the competition.关系副词 先行词 在从句中充当什么成分 例句分析 when =介词+which 时间 时间状语 I still remember the day when/on which I first came to Taishan No.1 High School.where =介词+which 地点 地点状语 This is the village where/in which I ever lived.why =for+which 原因 原因状语 Do you know the reason why/for which he is absent?【注】定语从句的关系副词 when where why=介词+which,但反之并不一定。如：English is the subject in which Im interested.2.做题方法：（1）找先行词（2）还原-把先行词放入定语从句（3）确定关系词 【练习 1】用关系代词 that,who,whom,which或 whose 填空，并指出它们在从句中作何成分。1.The eggs _ I bought yesterday were not fresh.（作_）2.He prefers the goose _ comes from his parents farm.（作_）3.The noodles _ you cooked were delicious.（作_）4.He saw a house _ windows were all broken.（作_）5.The man _ lives next to us sells vegetables.（作_）6.I dont like the people _ smoke a lot.（作_）掌握介词的用法能够灵活运用定语从句学习方法根据学案中所给出的练习总结定语从句的用法背诵典型句子多做练习进行运用和分析语法知识点定语从句在复合句中充当定语的从句叫定语从句定语从句的作用相当于形容词用来修饰先行词之后先行词可以为一个词短语或整个主句关系词在先行词和定语从句之间起连接作用的词叫关系词分成关系代词和关系副词关系代词和关系副词有三大作用连接连接定语从句和主句替代替代前面的先行词成分在定语从句中充人物指人指人关系词的使用在从句中充当什么成分例句分析作主语宾语作宾语时可以省略作主语作宾语可以省略学习必备欢迎下载指物作主语宾语作宾语时可以省略指人物作定语正如指人物作主语宾语不可省略关系副词先行词在从学习必备 欢迎下载 7.I prefer dumplings _ have just been cooked.（作_）8.Dont drink water _ has not been boiled.（作_）9.The man _ you met just now is my teacher.（作_）10.Plane is a machine _ can fly.（作_）观察下面两组句子 1.A.This is the house _ I once lived in.先行词指 ，关系词在句中作 语，应填 。B.This is the house _ I once lived.先行词指 ，关系词在句中作 语，你知道应填什么关系词吗？2.A.He was born in a day _was very hot.先行词指 ，关系词在句中作 语，应填 。B.He was born in a day _ it was very hot.先行词指 ，关系词在句中作 语。【指点迷津】当把先行词放回定语从句时，需要加上一个介词，说明先行词在定语从句中充当状语。如：When I arrived,Bryan took me to see the house where I would be staying.(还原：I would be staying in the house)【练习 2】用关系副词 when,where,why 填空，并指出它们在从句中作何成分。1.I remember the day _ I first come to the school.2.Beijing is the place _ I was born.3.This is the factory _ I visited last year.4.Is this the reason _ he refused to help you?5.Ill never forget the years _ I spent with you in the city.6.We all didnt believe the reason _ he said just now.【指点迷津】在定语从句中，如其先行词是抽象名词 situation，point,position,condition,case,scene,spot,stage等，如定语从句不缺主语、宾语和表语，则用关系副词 where occasion-场合(where);-时机;机会(when)。如：We have reached a stage where we have almost no rights at all.Occasions are quite rare when I have the time to spend a day with my kids.(2008山东)I have never been to such an occasion where people all dress formally.Ex.Hes got himself into a dangerous situation _he is likely to lose control over the plane.A.where B.which.C.while D.why 3、that 和 which 关系代词只用 that 的情况：先行词被最高级、序数词修饰时。先行词是 all,any,everything,anything,none,the one 等不定代词时 当主句是 who 或 which 引导的特殊疑问句，为避免重复，只用 that 先行词既包括人又包括物时。掌握介词的用法能够灵活运用定语从句学习方法根据学案中所给出的练习总结定语从句的用法背诵典型句子多做练习进行运用和分析语法知识点定语从句在复合句中充当定语的从句叫定语从句定语从句的作用相当于形容词用来修饰先行词之后先行词可以为一个词短语或整个主句关系词在先行词和定语从句之间起连接作用的词叫关系词分成关系代词和关系副词关系代词和关系副词有三大作用连接连接定语从句和主句替代替代前面的先行词成分在定语从句中充人物指人指人关系词的使用在从句中充当什么成分例句分析作主语宾语作宾语时可以省略作主语作宾语可以省略学习必备欢迎下载指物作主语宾语作宾语时可以省略指人物作定语正如指人物作主语宾语不可省略关系副词先行词在从学习必备 欢迎下载 先行词被 the only,the very,the same,the last 修饰时。.This is the highest building _ Ive ever seen.I really didnt know anything _ happened to Jim yesterday.Who is the man _ is standing over there?Oh,he is my math teacher.They are talking about things and persons _ they saw there a few days ago.关系代词只用 which 的情况：引导非限制性定语从句;关系词前有介词;先行词本身是 that。.The tree,is four hundred years old,is very famous here.We depend on the land from we get our food.That you told him about is what we want to know.who 和 that 在什么情况下只用 who 不用 that？all/those 作先行词且指人；在 there be 结构中，先行词指人；先行词是指人的不定代词 one,anyone,no one,all,nobody,anybody,none。.Those _ want to go to the cinema will have to wait at the gate of the school.There is a stranger wants to see you.One doesnt work hard will never succeed in his work.4、先行词是 way的定语从句 1）The way _ you solved the problem is not the best one.2）This is the way _ he told me to solve the problem.【指点迷津】当先行词是 the way且在定语从句中充当状语时，关系连词有三种情况：in which/that/省略 Part2.介词+which/whom 1.分析下列例句:（1）The man whom he is talking to is my father.The man to whom he is talking is my father.（2）This is the pen which I wrote the letter with.This is the pen with which I wrote the letter.【指点迷津】(1)“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句时，如先行词是物,用介词+which;如先行词是人,用介词+whom(2)当介词位于定语从句的末尾时，可将介词提前到关系词前，构成“介词+which/whom”(3)在固定搭配的动词短语中，由于动词和介词不可分割，因此不能把介词位于关系代掌握介词的用法能够灵活运用定语从句学习方法根据学案中所给出的练习总结定语从句的用法背诵典型句子多做练习进行运用和分析语法知识点定语从句在复合句中充当定语的从句叫定语从句定语从句的作用相当于形容词用来修饰先行词之后先行词可以为一个词短语或整个主句关系词在先行词和定语从句之间起连接作用的词叫关系词分成关系代词和关系副词关系代词和关系副词有三大作用连接连接定语从句和主句替代替代前面的先行词成分在定语从句中充人物指人指人关系词的使用在从句中充当什么成分例句分析作主语宾语作宾语时可以省略作主语作宾语可以省略学习必备欢迎下载指物作主语宾语作宾语时可以省略指人物作定语正如指人物作主语宾语不可省略关系副词先行词在从学习必备 欢迎下载 词之前。如:look after,take care of,look for 等。判断正误：This is the pen for which Im looking.()This is the pen which Im looking for.()2.如何确定定语从句中的介词？先找出定语从句，将先行词放入定语从句中 1）看定语从句中动词与介词的搭配 This is the book_ which you asked 2）看定语从句中形容词与介词的搭配 He referred me to some reference books _ which I am not very familiar.3）根据先行词判断，所用的介词与先行词 搭配 This is our classroom,_ which there is a teachers desk.【练习】用恰当的介词+which/whom 填空 1.This is the rock _ the boy fell down into the sea.2.The film star _ we talked a lot yesterday will give us a speech tomorrow.3.The West Lake _ Hangzhou is famous in the world will be more beautiful.4.The reason _ he could not go there was that his grade was too low.5.The professor _ Mr.Smith shook hands yesterday has made new discoveries in science.6.Could you tell me the day _ you arrived?Part 3 定语从句中的动词的数 1.He is the only one of the students in his class who _(have)got this chance.2.He is one of the students in his class who _(have)got the teachers praise 3.Those who _(want)to go to the cinema must be at the school gate by 3:30p.m.4.Anyone who _(want)to go to the cinema must be at the school gate by 3:30 p.m.【指点迷津】关系词在定语从句中做主语时，谓语动词的数取决于先行词 Part 4 课后巩固练习 一选择最佳选项。1.The wolves hid themselves in the places _ couldnt be found.A.where B.that C.in which D.in that 2.That tree,_ branches are almost bare,is very old.A.whose B.of which C.in which D.on which 3.Those _ not only from books but also through practice will succeed.A.learn B.who learn C.that learns D.who 4.Anyone _ this opinion may speak out.A.that against B.that against C.who is against D.who are against 掌握介词的用法能够灵活运用定语从句学习方法根据学案中所给出的练习总结定语从句的用法背诵典型句子多做练习进行运用和分析语法知识点定语从句在复合句中充当定语的从句叫定语从句定语从句的作用相当于形容词用来修饰先行词之后先行词可以为一个词短语或整个主句关系词在先行词和定语从句之间起连接作用的词叫关系词分成关系代词和关系副词关系代词和关系副词有三大作用连接连接定语从句和主句替代替代前面的先行词成分在定语从句中充人物指人指人关系词的使用在从句中充当什么成分例句分析作主语宾语作宾语时可以省略作主语作宾语可以省略学习必备欢迎下载指物作主语宾语作宾语时可以省略指人物作定语正如指人物作主语宾语不可省略关系副词先行词在从学习必备 欢迎下载 5.Can you lend me the novel _ the other day?A.that you talked B.you talked about it C.which you talked with D.you talked about 6.The train _ she was travelling was late.A.which B.where C.on which D.in that 7.Do you still remember the happy days _ we swam in the river in our village?A.which B.when C.that D.where 8.May the fourth is the day _ we Chinese people will never forget.A.which B.when C.on which D.about which 9.The hotel _ we stayed during our holidays stands by the seaside.A.what B.which C.where D.that 10.Is that the reason _ you are in favour of the proposal?A.which B.what C.why D.for that 11.I dont like _ _ you speak to her.A.the way B.the way in that C.the way which D.the way of which 12.There is only one thing _ I can do.A.what B.that C.all D.which 13.I have many books,some of _ are on chemistry.A.them B.that C.which D.those 14.I like the second football match _ was held last week.A.which B.who C.that D./15.This is one of the best films _ this year.A.that have been shown B.that have shown C.that has been shown D.that has shown 16.She was the only one of the girls in our class _ accepted as candidate for the president of our Students Union.A.who was B.who were C.who has been D.who have been 17.This is the magazine _ I copied the paragraph.A.that B.which C.from that D.from which 18.Recently I bought a second-hand car was very low.A.which price B.the price of whose C.its price D.whose price 19.Anyone _with what I said may raise your hand.A.that agrees B.who agree C.who agrees D.that agree 20.The great day we looked forward to _ at last.A.came B.come C.coming 二用关系词填空。1.The place _interested me most was the Childrens Palace.2.Do you know the year _the Chinese Communist Party was founded?3.Great changes have taken place in the factory _we have been working since then.4.They arrived at a farmhouse,in front of _sat a small boy.5.Is there anyone in your class _family is in the country?6.The letter is from my sister,_is working in Beijing.掌握介词的用法能够灵活运用定语从句学习方法根据学案中所给出的练习总结定语从句的用法背诵典型句子多做练习进行运用和分析语法知识点定语从句在复合句中充当定语的从句叫定语从句定语从句的作用相当于形容词用来修饰先行词之后先行词可以为一个词短语或整个主句关系词在先行词和定语从句之间起连接作用的词叫关系词分成关系代词和关系副词关系代词和关系副词有三大作用连接连接定语从句和主句替代替代前面的先行词成分在定语从句中充人物指人指人关系词的使用在从句中充当什么成分例句分析作主语宾语作宾语时可以省略作主语作宾语可以省略学习必备欢迎下载指物作主语宾语作宾语时可以省略指人物作定语正如指人物作主语宾语不可省略关系副词先行词在从学习必备 欢迎下载 7.In our factory there are 2,000 workers,two thirds of _are women.8.I will never forget the day _ we worked together and the day _ we spent together.9.We admire him for the way _ he faces difficulties.10.The reason _he didnt come was _he was ill.11.-Did you ask the guard what happened?-Yes,he told me all _ he knew.12.Is oxygen the only gas _ helps fire burn?13.There are cases _ the word“mighty”is used as an adverb.14.The treatment will continue until the patient reaches the point _ he can walk correctly and safely.15.There are several research centers in China _ a certain disease called Bird Flu is being studied.16._ is known to everybody,Taiwan is a part of China.17.Some pictures of the river brought the days back to the old _ they swam in it.18.Who is the woman _ is sweeping the floor over there?19.The professors talked with us about the beautiful schools and the experienced teachers _ they had seen.20.Women _ drink more than two cups of coffee a day have a greater chance of having heart disease than those _ dont.21.I will hire the man _ they say is a good English speaker.22.After reading your proposal,there is one point _ I dont agree.三用介词+关系代词填空。（每空一词）1.The hotel _ _ they are staying is a very famous one.2.The pen _ _ I do my homework is a birthday present from my father.3.Is this the car _ _ you paid a high price?4.The gentleman _ _ you told me yesterday proved to be a thief.5.Is this the village _ _ the great scientist was born forty years ago?6.The professor _ _ we often turn for help will come to our party tonight.四、单句改错 1The story happened in November on which the weather was very cold 2Stella is one of the engineers who is fit for the task 3Mr.Williams has two sons,both of whom looks like him 4When we passed the place which the dead boy lay,each of us saluted 5.Is this the horse that you spent five hours drawing it yesterday?6.Those who has finished the exercises may leave the classroom now.7.Children eat a lot of sweets or chocolate often have bad teeth.8.Mr.Green is always working hard should get a rise.9.John is the only one of the students that have been abroad.10.I care about nothing which is going on there.掌握介词的用法能够灵活运用定语从句学习方法根据学案中所给出的练习总结定语从句的用法背诵典型句子多做练习进行运用和分析语法知识点定语从句在复合句中充当定语的从句叫定语从句定语从句的作用相当于形容词用来修饰先行词之后先行词可以为一个词短语或整个主句关系词在先行词和定语从句之间起连接作用的词叫关系词分成关系代词和关系副词关系代词和关系副词有三大作用连接连接定语从句和主句替代替代前面的先行词成分在定语从句中充人物指人指人关系词的使用在从句中充当什么成分例句分析作主语宾语作宾语时可以省略作主语作宾语可以省略学习必备欢迎下载指物作主语宾语作宾语时可以省略指人物作定语正如指人物作主语宾语不可省略关系副词先行词在从学习必备 欢迎下载 四用定语从句合并下列句子。1The factory is a small one.The factory stands near the river 2Have you answered the letter?You got that letter two weeks ago 3Ill never forget the day.On that day I joined the League.4.We are not allowed to do so Tell me the reason.5The boy student is very young.He won the game.6The town has become a famous city He grew up in the town 7I spend my childhood in Suzhou I have never been there again since I left 8He is leaving for Wuhan to meet his daughter He has not seen the girl for years 9Do you know the man?His son is a famous scientist 10My uncle bought the bicycle last week The bicycle has been stolen.Part4 名言警句中的定语从句 1.He who is ill to himself will be good to nobody.人不自爱，焉能爱人？2.He who laughs last laughs best.谁笑在最后,谁笑得最好。3.He who makes no mistakes makes nothing.不犯错误的人一事无成。4.All that glitters is not gold.闪闪发光者，未必皆黄金。5.Opportunity and luck always shows appreciation for those who are bold in struggling.机遇和幸运总是垂青勇于奋斗的人。6.The only thing that we have to fear is fear itself.唯一让我们恐惧的事就是恐惧本身.7.He who doesn t reach the Great Wall is not a true man.不到长城非好汉 Part 5 课后拓展【自主学习】-定语从句典型错误例析 1.我给他看了我上周在杭州的照片 误 I showed him the photos I took them in Hangzhou last week.正 I showed him the photos I took in Hangzhou last week.析 关系代词或关系副词既代替先行词，又在定语从句中充当一定的成分。例句为省略了关系代词（that/which）的定语从句，that/which 指代 the photos，在定语从句中充当 took 的宾语，故 them 多余，应去掉。2.那个正在修理汽车的人是我的叔叔。误 The man is mending the car is my uncle.掌握介词的用法能够灵活运用定语从句学习方法根据学案中所给出的练习总结定语从句的用法背诵典型句子多做练习进行运用和分析语法知识点定语从句在复合句中充当定语的从句叫定语从句定语从句的作用相当于形容词用来修饰先行词之后先行词可以为一个词短语或整个主句关系词在先行词和定语从句之间起连接作用的词叫关系词分成关系代词和关系副词关系代词和关系副词有三大作用连接连接定语从句和主句替代替代前面的先行词成分在定语从句中充人物指人指人关系词的使用在从句中充当什么成分例句分析作主语宾语作宾语时可以省略作主语作宾语可以省略学习必备欢迎下载指物作主语宾语作宾语时可以省略指人物作定语正如指人物作主语宾语不可省略关系副词先行词在从学习必备 欢迎下载 正 The man who/that is mending the car is my uncle.析 关系代词在定语从句中充当主语时不可省略，只有作宾语时才能省略that。本句还可以译为 The man mending the car is my uncle.（-ing形式短语 mending the car 作 the man的后置定语。）3.这只风筝是你父亲昨天为你扎的吗？误 Is this kite your father made for you yesterday?正 Is this kite the one(that)your father made for you yesterday?析 若把 this 看作 kite 的修饰语，短语 this kite 为主句的主语，这时我们可以看出主句中缺少表语，即定语从句的先行词，所以应该加上代词 the one。如果我们把 this 看作代词，作句子的主语，那么 kite 应该为句子的表语，则可以看出先行词 kite 前缺少定冠词 the。故本