新目标英语八年级英语上册第三单元Section A知识点归纳中学学案_-中学学案.pdf
学习必备 欢迎下载 八年级英语上册第三单元 Section A 知识点归纳：1.形容词、副词的比较级的相关知识：（1）。规则变化：以 e 结尾的家 r，例如：late-later,以重读闭音节且一个辅音字母结尾的双写这个辅音字母再加 er，例如：bigbigger,thin-thinner,fat-fatter,(闭音节是指音节中的元音字母发单元音短音)，以辅音字母家 y 结尾的双音节词，（每个音节之间有很短暂的停顿），把 y 变 i 再加 er,以 ed 和 ing 结尾的形容词在词前加 more，例如：tired-more tired,exciting-more exciting,以ly 结尾的副词在词前加more,例如：loudly-more loudly,quietly-more quietly (注意：friendly和 lovely 为形容词)多音节词在词前加 more,例如：popular-more popular （2）.常见不规则变化：good/well-better,bad/badly-worse,little-less,far-farther(主要指距离远)，或 further(主要指程度深)oldelder(年长的 例：my elder brother 我的哥哥)（3）.形容词和副词的前后比较对象要一致（即后面的比较对象要和前面的主语保持一致）例如：Tom has longer hair than his brother.(本句中 Tom 为主语，所以 than 后应该加的是 his brother，而不是 his brother s hair)Tom s hair is longer than his brother s.(本句中主语是 Tom s hair,所以比较的对象应该是 his brother s hair)(4)双方比较表示一方不如另一方时用 not as/so as 或者 less than 例如：This room is more beautiful than that one.=That room is not as/so beautiful as this one.=That room is less beautiful than this one.(5)表示一方随另一方的程度而变化用 the+比较级，the+比较级，越.,越.例如：The more,the better 越多越好（多多益善）The harder he works,the happier he feels.及时练习：The more he eats,the _(fat)he gets.(6)不与其他事物比较，表示本身程度的变化时，用 比较级+and+比较级 结构。例如：The weather is getting hotter and hotter.天气正变得越来越热。The girl becomes more and more beautiful.(7)通常可以用在比较级前面的词有 much,a little,a bit,a lot,even,或名词短语。例如：Tom is a little than me,but I am much heavier than him.例 2：I am twenty,my brother is eighteen,so I am two years old than my brother.(8)特殊疑问句中的两者选择，例如：Which is more outgoing,Tom or Jim?(9)句尾或句首有 of the two，表示“两者中较.的一个”限制时 比较级前需加上 the,例如：Mary is the taller of the two girls.(注意：此为比较级前使用the 的唯一情况)（10）形容词、副词比较级句子构成，一者：Tom works hard.-两者：Tom works harder than Jim.(用 than 连接比较对象，同时将原句中的形容词或副词变为比较级)11.比较级及时练习题：练习：（2）1.old _ _ 2.busy _ 3.thin _ 4.many _ 5.slow _ 6.delicious _ 7.bright _ 8.lazy_ 9.safe _ 10.bad_ 11.well_ 12.sad _ 学习必备 欢迎下载（2）用所给词的适当形式填空：1.Bob is _(young)than Fred，but _(tall)than Fred.2.Yingtian is not as _ (tall)asYongxian.3.Almost all the students faces are the same but Li Deming looks _(fat)than before.4.Which is _ (heavy),a hen or a chicken?5.A dictionary is much _(expensive)than a story-book.6.An orange ia a little _(big)than an apple,but much _(small)than a watermelon.7.Miss Chen is _ _than Mr.Wang.(popular)8.Mr.Lin is_ _ _ Mr.Brown.(sad)9.Question A is _ _ _ _ Question B.(important)10.A rose is_ _ _ _ a weed(野草).(beautiful)11.He is _than any other boy in the class.（clever）12.Tom drives much _ _than John.(careful)2.as.as 的用法(1)as.as.中间接形容词或副词的原级，第一个 as 为副词，第二个 as 为介词。当谓语动词是连系动词时，中间加形容词；当谓语动词为副词时，中间接副词。例如：Tom is as tall as me.And he studies as hard as me,too.如果第二个 as 后用主格形式，则需要加动词。例如：Tom is as tall as I am.And he studies as hard as I do.(用 do 代替前面的动词，如果是三单用does,过去式用 did)。(2)as.as在否定句中可用 so.as 替换。意思是前者不如后者。例如：H e is not as/so tall as me.=I am taller than him.(3)as.as.中间如果涉及数量或程度时可用 much+不可数名词或 many+可数名词，例如：He has as many books as his brother.Jane got as much money as his sister.(4)中间加形容词时，还可以加名词，顺序是 as+形容词+a/an+单数名词+as.例如：She is as good a teacher as her mother.她和她妈妈一样是位好老师。拓展词组：as soon as，一.就 as long as，只要.3 对应反义词：tall-short,thin-heavy/fat,quietly-loudly,long-short,4.both 的用法 both 指两者都（1）both 与名词代词连用，顺序是 both of+the+名词或代词，例如：Both of the cats are lovely.Both也可直接加名词，例如：Both cats are lovely.(2)both 与代词直接连用时不能说 both+代词，例如 both we,both us 都是错误的，要加上 of 即 both of us 例如：Both of us like sports.(3)both 与动词连用时放在 be 动词、助动词、情态动词之后，行为动词之前，例以重读闭音节且一个辅音字母结尾的双写这个辅音字母再加例如闭音节是指音节中的元音字母发单元音短音以辅音字母家结尾的双音节词每个音节之间有很短暂的停顿把变再加以和结尾的形容词在词前加例如以结尾的副词在词前加词和副词的前后比较对象要一致即后面的比较对象要和前面的主语保持一致例如本句中为主语所以后应该加的是而不是本句中主语是所以比较的对象应该是双方比较表示一方不如另一方时用或者例如表示一方随另一方的程度而变化例如天气正变得越来越热通常可以用在比较级前面的词有或名词短语例如例特殊疑问句中的两者选择例如句尾或句首有表示两者中较的一个限制时比较级前需加上例如注意此为比较级前使用的唯一情况形容词副词比较级句子构成一学习必备 欢迎下载 如：They are both from Australia.We both like watching TV.(4)both 与 not 连用表示部分否定，例如：Both of the doors are not open.两扇门并不都开着。I don t know both of you.我并不都认识你们两位。（只认识一位）易错点：（5）both 常在句中放在 road,street,river 的前面，例如：There are many trees on both sides of the road.(=There are many trees on each/either side of the road)There are many buildings on both sides of the street.(=There are many buidings on each/either side of the street.)5.But the most important thing is to learn something new and have fun.本句为主语+连系动词+表语，动词作表语时用动名词或动词不定时，例如：His job is to look after the baby.=His job is looking after the baby.6.本单元中形容词与副词易错点：例 1：Tom always makes us happy.(此处 happy 修饰前面的宾语 us,所以用形容词)例 2：Tom learns English well.(此处用well 修饰 learns,表示学得程度)，所以判断句尾是形容词还是副词要看修饰的对象，如果修饰谓语动词则用副词，如果修饰前面的宾语则用形容词。及时训练：The man listened to his mother _(quiet).We always keep our classroom_(clean).7.反意疑问句小结：（1）反意疑问句是指说话人对某事不完全确定，需加以证实。句式为 陈述句+疑问句。具体形式为：be 动词/助动词/情态动词+陈述句的主语（必须要用代词），前面是肯定，反疑问句用否定；前面是否定，反疑问句用肯定。例 1：The boy is from China,isn t he?(用代词 he 代指主语 the boy)例 2：His mother can speak English,can t she?例 3：He got to school late this morning,didn t he?（2）常见的否定词：no,not,never,hardly,hardly ever,nothing,no one,none,few,little,nobody 例 1：He is never late for school,is he?You got nothing,did you?(3)there be 句型反意疑问句用 there 例：There is little water in the river,is there?(little 为否定意义的词)（4）祈使句反意疑问句用 will you 例：Look out,will you?8.singsing competition 歌唱比赛 以重读闭音节且一个辅音字母结尾的双写这个辅音字母再加例如闭音节是指音节中的元音字母发单元音短音以辅音字母家结尾的双音节词每个音节之间有很短暂的停顿把变再加以和结尾的形容词在词前加例如以结尾的副词在词前加词和副词的前后比较对象要一致即后面的比较对象要和前面的主语保持一致例如本句中为主语所以后应该加的是而不是本句中主语是所以比较的对象应该是双方比较表示一方不如另一方时用或者例如表示一方随另一方的程度而变化例如天气正变得越来越热通常可以用在比较级前面的词有或名词短语例如例特殊疑问句中的两者选择例如句尾或句首有表示两者中较的一个限制时比较级前需加上例如注意此为比较级前使用的唯一情况形容词副词比较级句子构成一
