五介词-2023年初中英语中考复习专项突破.pdf
专 题 五 介 词一对一“梳理”知识点高效复习法介词一般用于名词或代词前,表示该词与句子其他成分的关系,属于虚词,一般不重读,不能在句子中单独作成分.介词后面的名词或代词称为介词宾语,介词与介词宾语一起构成介词短语.介词按其词义分为时间介词、方位介词、方式介词和其他介词.中考通常考查介词的基本用法和介词的固定搭配.解答此类试题,考生应首先分析介词的基本用法,区分各介词之间的差异,尤其是时间、方位和方式这三类介词;此外还应积累并熟知一些含有介词的常见固定短语.知识突破知 识 点1时间介词常见的时间介词的用法:介词用法示例in与 年、季 节、月、年 代、世纪及一般(非特指)的早晨、下午、晚上等表示 较 长 时 间 的 词 连 用.“in+时 间 段”表示“之后”,用于将来时in May在五月 in summer在夏天in the twenty-first century 在 21 世纪in the morning 在早上in two days两天之后on用于具体的某日或某特定日期的早晨、下午、晚上前,也可用在星期或节日前on August 1st在八月一 日 on WomeiYs D ay在妇女节on the morning of May 1 st在五月一 日的上午on Sunday在星期天at表示具体的时刻、进 餐 时 间、一天中的某段时间、在岁时等at 6:00在六点 at night在晚上at lunch time 在午餐时间 at the age of 18 在 18 岁时after“after+时间段”表示“之后”,常用于 过 去 时 态;4after+时 间 点”表示“之后 ,既可用于将来时,也可用于过去时I received the letter after two days.我两天后收到了这封信.Jim will go to Beijing after five oclock.吉 姆 会 在5点后去北京.for后 面 接 时 间 段,表 示 某 动 作 延 续 的时间,句子多用完成时He has lived here for two weeks.他在这儿住了两个星期了.since表示“自从起”,多与完成时连用,后面接过去的时间.He has lived here since three weeks ago.自从三个星期之前,他就住在这儿了.until/till用于肯定句中,意为“直到为止”,谓语动词为延续性动词He waited until midnight他一直等到半夜.知 识 点2方位介词用于否定句中,意为“直 到 才 ,谓语动词为非延续性动词He didnt leave until midnight.他直到半夜才离开.byb y后 接 时 间 点,表 示“到 为 止;在 之前”.如 果b y后加将来的时间点,应用将来时;如果b y后跟一个过去的时间点,应用过去完成时I will finish the work by Friday.在周五之前我会完成这项工作.They had seen four English films by the end of last week.到上周末为止,他们已经看了四部英文电影了.from表示开始的时间,意为“从”,多用于“什0!11.1:0/廿11.”短语中Students go to school from Monday toFriday.学生们从周一到周五上学.during表示“在期间”During the summer holiday,I like to go swimming with myfriends.在暑假期间,我喜欢和朋友们去游泳.through表示“一直,自始至终,从头到尾”Dr.Bethune went on working through the night.白求恩大夫工作了一晚上.before表示“在之前”He left before noon.他是在午前走的.常见的方位介词的用法:介词(短语)用法示例to表示“在范围外”,不接壤Japan is to the east of China.日本在中国的东边.表示“向,朝着”The teacher walked to the classroom.老师走向教室.on表示“在(的表面)上“There is a book on the desk.书桌上有一本书.表 示A地 位 于B地的外面且接壤Russia is on the north of China.俄罗斯在中国的北面.表示在广阔的平面上A little girl is walking on the road.一个小女孩正在马路上行走.表示方向(左右方位)Tom sits on my left.汤姆坐在我的左边.at后 接 小 地 点 或 表 示“在 里;在旁”He arrived at school.他到学校了.I had a grand day out at the seaside.我在海边痛痛快快地玩了 一天.in后接大地点He arrived in Beijing.他到北京了.表示“在范围之内 ,即A地属 于B地Hainan is in the south of China.海南在中国的南方.表示周围的环境是立体的Didnt you find the bag left in the bus?你没有找到落在公共汽车里的包吗?知 识 点3方式介词1.on,in,with,byabove表示“在 上方”,是 相对高度,不强调是否垂直,与below相对The bird is flying above his head.鸟正从他的头上飞过.over表 示“在 正 上 方”,表示垂直的高度,与under相对There is a bridge over the river.河上有一座桥.below表 示“在 下 方 ,不一定在正下方Please write your name below the line.请在横线的下方写下你的名字.under表示“在正下方”My cat is lying under the chair.我的猫正躺在椅子下面.near表示“在 附近”There is a park near my house.我家附近有一个公园.beside表示“在旁边”Li Ming sits beside me.李明坐在我旁边.next to表示“紧靠,;紧挨着”The bookstore is next to the bank.书店紧挨着银行.behind表示“在后面”I sit behind Danny.我坐在丹尼的后面.between表示“在之间(两者)“There is a hospital between the bank and thesupermarket.在银行和超市中间有一家医院.among表示“在 之间(三者或三者以上)”That book is the best among modern novels.在现代小说中,那是最好的一部.in front of表示“在前面(范围外)”There is a big tree in front of our classroom.在我们教室前面有一棵大树.in the front of表示“在的前面(范围内)”There is a teachers desk in the front of theclassroom.在教室的前面有一张讲桌.before表示 在前面”He paused before a door.他在一扇门前驻足.after表示“在后面”Shut the door after you.随手关门.介词用法示例on通过;用He is talking on the phone.他正在打电话.in表示用某种方式、语 言、语调或颜色等,语言、材料等名词前不用冠词Can you spell the word in English?你能用英语把这个单词拼写出来吗?with表 示 用 某 种 工 具(具 体、有 形的工具)We can write with pens.我们可以用钢笔写.by表示用某种方式、方法或手段,后接名词或动名词,名词前不用冠词My friend studies English by listening to Englishsongs.2.by,in与on表示交通方式我的朋友通过听英文歌曲来学英语.(l)by+交通工具.例如:I go to school by bike.我骑自行车上学.(2)in/on+限定词+交通工具.例如:I go to school on my bike.我骑自行车上学.知 识 点 3 其他常见介词知 识 点 5 常用介词短语和固定搭配一、介词与名词的搭配介词含义及用法示例besides“除之外还有”,表示某物或者某人包括在整体范围之内Besides Bob,I have two other friends.除了鲍勃,我还有其他两位朋友.except“除 之 外”,表 示 某 物 或 者 某人排除在整体范围之外I like all the subjects except physics because itstoo difficult.我喜欢所有的学科,除了物理,因为它太难了.over通 常 表 示 在 空 间 范 围 上 方“越过,,He jumps over the wall.他跳过了 墙.through“穿过,越过”,表示从物体内部或空间里通过The man climbed into his room through thewindow.这个人通过窗户爬进了房间.across“横穿,从一边到另一边“,表示在物体的表面穿过The boy swims across the river.这个男孩游过了河.with意为 和,带有“My uncle bought a house with a beautiful garden.我叔叔买了一个带漂亮花园的房子.without意为“没有”I cant finish the work on time without your help.没有你的帮助,我不能按时完成这项工作.like意为“像;跟一样”I want to be a teacher like Ms.Liu.我想成为像刘老师一样的老师.as意为“作为;当作“Treat me as a friend.要把我当作朋友.against意为“反对;靠着“Dont stand against the wall.不要靠着墙站.l.at短语at noon在正午at night在夜晚at present 现在at home在家at times偶尔;有时at the moment 此亥(J2.on短语on duty值日on business 出差on fire着火3.in短语in English用英语in a ll总共in tim e及时in need在危难中in public公开地in surprise 吃惊地in trouble处于困境中in a word 总之in a minute 立亥!马上in the p ast在过去in other words换句话说二、介词与形容词/过去分词的搭配l.be+形容词/过去分词+frombe absent from 缺席.be separated from 和.分开2.be+形容词/过去分词+aboutbe careful about 对.小心be sorry about对.感到抱歉be worried about 对.担忧3.be+形容词/过去分词+atbe amazed a t 对.感到吃惊be good a t在.方面擅长be surprised a t对.感到惊奇4.be+形容词/过去分词+forbe ready for为.做好准备be late fo r出席 迟到be thirsty for 渴望 5.be+形容词/过去分词+inbe different in在 方面不同on sale降价出售on holiday 度假on foot步行in class在课堂上in danger处于危险中in fact事实上in order整齐;井然有序in silence沉默地in lolal 总共in a hurry匆忙地in the end 最后in the future 在将来in this w ay用这种方式be different from 与.不同be crazy about 对.热衷he sure about 确信.be clever at在.方面聪明be mad a t对.愤怒be good for对.有好处be thankful fo r对.感到庆幸be famous/known/well known for 因.而著名be interested in 对.感兴趣be poor in 缺乏.be weak i n 在.方面薄弱/差6.be+形容词/过去分词+ofbe afraid of 害怕.be full of 充满.be short of 短缺.be good to 对.好7.be+形容词/过去分词+tobe close to 接近,靠近.be kind t o 对.和蔼be polite to 对.有礼貌be rude t o 对.粗鲁8.be+形容词/过去分词+withbe angry with 对.生气be careful with 小心处理.be filled with 充满.be patient with 对.有耐心三、其他常见搭配at first 首先at least 至少核心考点,各个击破be successful in在.方面成功be strict in在.方面要求严格be certain of 确信.be proud o f 对.感至U自豪be sure of 确信.be tired of-.be friendly to 对.友好be nice t o 对.友好be related to 与.有关be similar to 与.相似be busy with 忙于.be covered with 被.覆盖be satisfied/pleased with 对.感到满意be strict with sb.对某人要求严格at last最后at most最多考 点 1 介词例 1(2021江苏扬州,3 题,1 分)Chinas first Mars rover,Zhurong,touched down on the Red Planet May 15,2021.A.on B.in C.at D.to【解析】本题考查介词辨析.句意:2021年 5 月 15日,中国首个火星车“祝融”号在火星着陆.表示“在具体的某一天”,应用介词on.答案:A例 2(2021辽宁抚顺、本溪、辽阳联考,4 题分)Cathy always makes good use of her time to study,even her lunch break.A.around B.during C.from D.between【解析】本题考查介词辨析.around在 周围;during在 期间;from 来自;between在 中间.根据句意“凯茜总是利用好她的时间去学习,甚至午饭休息期间都在学”可知,空格表示“在午饭休息期间”,during符合语境.答案:B针对性练习11 .-What time do you usually go to bed?-I usually go to bed 11:00.A.in B.on C.at D.for2.Grandpa Li can talk with people different languages.A.by B.from C.in D.with3.All the students have finished the homework Zhang Hua,so he*s doing it now.A.and B.besides C.or D.except考点2 介词短语例 3(2021山西,29题,1 分)In the future,robots will play a more important role in peoples life the development oftechnology.A.ahead of B.instead of C.because of【解析】本题考查介词短语辨析.句意:将来,因为科技的发展,机器人将会在人类生活中扮演更重要的角色.ahead o f在.之前;instead of代替,而不是;because o f因为,由于.答案:C针对性练习21.Before you leave the office,everything should be put.A.in time B.in place C.in the way D.in advance2.Healthy eating regular exercise is the best way to keep fit.A.less than B.instead of C.such as D.together with3.-The ship sinking of R.O.Korea teaches us to care for ourselves and the people around us.-So it i s.,l i f e is the most important to everyone.A.For example B.At last C.After all D.Because of答案:针对性练习1:1.C 2.C3.D针对性练习2J.B2.D3.C从模拟演练到实战操作模拟演练1.(2021 云南红河一模)Thanks free education,lots of poor children in the mountainareas can go back to school.A.to B.from C.at D.for2.(2021 江苏盐城一模)Yancheng Marathon will be held April,18th.A.in B.on C.at D./3.(2021 辽宁大连一模)Excuse me!Can you tell me the way the National Stadium?A.in B.on C.to D.from4.(2021 天津红桥区三模)Liu Xiang was invited competitions around the world.A.to B.in C.of D.with5.(2021山东青岛二模)Now people can pay scanning their faces while shopping.A.for B.of C.on D.by6.(2021 上海黄浦区二模)The Virtual School 1 Library provides primary schoolchildren free online books.A.for B.to C.with D.from7.(2021 江苏无锡二模)一A serious study of physics is impossible some knowledge ofmath.-I couldnt agree more.So we should also learn math well.A.among B.between C.against D.without8.(2021河北石家庄二模)1 often buy school things my way home.A.on B.by C.in D.from9.(2021 西臧日喀则二模)Jack arrivedthe village a snowy morning.A.at;on B.in;on C.on;at D.on;in10.(2021 福建福州模拟)Many wild animals are and its time for us to do whatever wecan to protect them.A.at war B.in danger C.on business11.(2021 江苏无锡一模)Jim often feels stressed because what his parents want him to do hasgone him.A.beyond B.against C.above D.through12.(2021 重庆模拟)1 went to watch the film wi由 my pa r e nt s the afternoon ofFeb.13th.A.to B.in C.at D.on13.(2021 山西吕梁二模)Ils really rude to shout in a loud voi ce.Calm down,and youwill make it.A.in person B.by mistake C.in public14.(2021山东青岛一模)This story is simple English.My little sister can read it.A.for B.by C.with D.in答案:I.A【解析】本题考查介词短语辨析.句意:多亏了免费教育,许多山区的贫困儿童可以重返校园.thanks to 是固定短语,意为“多亏了2.B【解析】本题考查介词辨析.句意:盐城马拉松赛将于4 月 18日举行.in泛指一般意义的上午、下午或晚上以及月或年等较长的时间;on表示星期几或某一特定的H期闺表示时间的某一点,某一时刻等.April 18th是一个具体的日期,需用介词on.3.C 4.A 5.D 6.C7.D【解析】本题考查介词辨析.句意:一没有一定的数学知识,是不能开展严谨的物理学研究的.一我完全同意,所以我们也应该学好数学.among在 之间(三者及以上);between在 之间(两者);against反对;without没有.8.A【解析】本题考查介词辨析.句意:我经常在回家的路上买学习用品.on在 上;by在 旁边;in在.里面;from 来自.on ones way home意为“在某人回家的路上”.9.A【解析】本题考查介词辨析.arrive+in/at+地点(大地点用in,小地点用at);表示时间的名词“上午/下午/傍晚 等词前面有形容词修饰时,介词用on.10.B【解析】本题考查介词短语辨析.句意:许多野生动物正处于危险中,是时候尽我们所能去保护它们了.at war在战争中;in danger处在危险中;on business出差.11.A【解析】本题考查介词辨析.句意:吉姆经常感到有压力大,因为他父母想让他做的已经超越了他的能力.beyond超越;againsl反对;above在 上方;through通过.12.D【解析】本题考查介词辨析.句意:2 月13日下午,我和父母起去看了电影.to到;in后接某年某月或某季节;at后接具体时刻;on后接具体的一天或某一天的上午/下午/傍晚.“the afternoon of Feb.13th”是具体的某一天的下午.13.C【解析】本题考查介词短语辨析.in person亲自;by mistake错误地;in public在公共场合.根据常识可知,在公共场合大声喊叫非常粗鲁.I4.D真题演练1 .(2022江苏徐州)We need to guard any possible danger around us.A.for B.over C.with D.against2.(2021 河北)1 eat rice beef and potatoes.Its delicious.A.in B.on C.with D.for3.(2021 湖南怀化)I often help my parents with housework Sundays.A.on B.in C.at4.(2022河北)Look!The fish is swimming fast the river.A.at B.in C.of D.by5.(2021 天津)Anna is taller than me.She sits me in the classroom.A.between B.from C.behind D.among6.(2021 湖南湘潭)一How do you study for a test,Eric?-I study working with a group.A.by B.with C.in7.(2021 黑龙江大庆)Our hometown is a beautiful city hundreds of lakes.A.at B.on C.with D.by8.(2021 湖北武汉)I could tell the look on her face that something exciting hadhappened.-Exactly!A.on B.with C.by D.at9.(2021云南昆明)Since 1921,the Communist Party of China(匚口国共产党)has been leading theChinese people a better life.A.of B.on C.at D.to10.(2021 北京)Space Day of China falls April 24th every year.A.on B.by C.at D.in11.(2021 辽宁抚顺、本溪、辽阳联考)-This is so difficult that I want to give up.-Take it eas y.,i t takes time to learn something new.A.In that case B.For example C.By the way D.After all12.(2021江 苏 苏 州)Football fans are often called the 12th man because of theirinfluence a team.A.to B.from C.on D.at13.(2021 湖北恩施)Yuan Longping,one of the best-known scientists around the world,madegreat contributions developing hybrid rice.A.in B.for C.to14.(2022湖南怀化)Mingming will have a class meeting 3:30 this afternoon.A.on B.in C.at15.(2021 贵州黔东南)Ms.Huang was very pleased because her husband and daughter bought abeautiful dress her on her birthday.A.for B.from C.to D.of16.(2021 湖北荆州)-Good news!Youve passed the P.E.test.-Ho o r a y!,I was worried about it.A.By accident B.To be honest C.As a result D.In my opinion17.(2021 黑龙江绥化)our teachers,weve made great progress in the past four years.A.Thanks for B.Thankful to C.Thanks to18.(2021 江苏淮安)-What time does the library open in the morning?-It opens 9a.m.A.in B.on C.at D.between答案:LD【解析】本题考查介词辨析.句意:我们需要防范身边任何可能的危险.for为了;over在 之上;w ilh带有;against反对.guard against”防止,提防”,是固定搭配,根据句意可知,应 用 guardagainst.2.C【解析】本题考查介词辨析.句意:我吃米饭时和牛肉土豆一起吃,这样吃很美味.in在 里;on在 上;wilh和 一起;for为了.根据语境“吃饭时连同牛肉土豆一起吃”可知应用介词with.3.A 解析】本题考查介词辨析.句意:我经常在星期天帮助父母做家务.on指在具体的某一天;in用在年、月、季节前;a t用在具体几点几分前.这里指在星期天,具体的某一天,应用。n.4.B 5.C 6,A7.C【解析】本题考查介词辨析.句意:我们的家乡是一个美丽的城市,有几百个湖.at在 旁;on在 上;with带有,和;by在 旁边.with hundreds of lakes意为“有几百个湖”,故用介词with.8.C【解析】本题考查介词辨析.句意:一我从她的面部表情判断出某件令人激动的事情发生了.一确实如此!空格后面的“that something exciting had happened”是谓语动词tell的宾语,故“thelook on her fhce”应是方式状语,即“通过面部表情判断出 ”.o n 关于;w ith用;b y 通过;at在 旁.9.D【解析】本题考查“动词+介词”搭配.句意:自从1921年以来,中国共产党一直引领着中国人民过上更好的生活.lead sh.to 意为带领某人去 ”,符合句子语境.10.AH.D【解析】本题考查介词短语辨析.句意:一这太难了,我想放弃.一一别紧张,毕竟学习新东西需要花时间.in that case那样的话;for example比如;by the w ay顺便说一下;after all毕竟.根据句意可知,空格处用after all符合语境.12.C【解析】本题考查介词辨析.句意:由于球迷对球队的影响力,他们常被称为“第 12人”.influence on.意为“对 的影响”,是固定搭配.13.C【解析】本题考查介词辨析.句意:袁隆平是世界上最知名的科学家之一,为发展杂交水稻做出了巨大的贡献.make contributions to 是固定搭配,意为 对 做出贡献I4.C15.A【解析】本题考查介词辨析.句意:黄女士非常高兴,因为她的丈夫和女儿在她生日那天给她买了一件漂亮的连衣裙.buy sth.for sb.为某人买某物.16.B【解析】本题考查介词短语辨析.句意:一好消息!你通过了体育考试.一一好极了!说实话,我之前很担心.by accident偶然地;to be honest老实说;as a result结果;in my opinion在我看来.根据下文“I was worried about it.“可知,此处是回答者在袒露自己之前的心理活动.17.C【解析】本题考查介词辨析.句意:多亏了我们的老师,我们在过去的四年里取得了很大的进步.thanks for 为 而感谢;thankful to 通常用于 be thankful to sb.对 心存感激”;thanks to多亏.由句意可知,应用thanks to.I8.C