二代词-2023年初中英语中考复习专项突破.pdf
专 题 二 代 词一对一“梳理”知识点高效复习法人称代词、物主代词与反身代词是中考的必考点,考生应掌握代词在具体语境中的基本用法,注意区分人称代词主格和宾格的位置、形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词的用法,根据题干中的情境准确提取有用信息.不定代词主要考查其辨析,考生首先要分析语境并找出句中的关键词,明确代词所指代的对象:指代可数名词还是不可数名词.所指代的概念表示两者还是三者或三者以上.表示肯定概念还是否定概念.指示代词的考查主要涉及it,one,this和that之间的辨析.在解答此类试题时,考生需结合语境进行如下判断:下文提到的对象与上文是同一事物用it.下文梃到的对象与上文是同类事物但不是同一个用one.this近指,that远指,同 时that还可以用于比较级中对前文提到的名词进行指代.知识突破知 识 点1人称代词一、定义:表示“我”“你”“他“她 它 “我们”“你们”“他(她、它)们”,指代人或物的词叫做人称代词.人称代词有人称、数和格的变化.二、用法人称单数复数主格宾格主格宾格第一人称ImeweUS第二人称youyouyouyou第三人称hehimshehertheythemitit1.人称代词的主格在句中作主语.例如:John waited a while but finally he went home.约翰等了 一会儿,但最后他回家了.2.人称代词的宾格在句中作宾语,通常放在介词和动词之后.例如:Please give me a book,Lily.(宾语)-动宾结构请给我一本书,莉莉.My cat looks at me.(宾语)-介宾结构我的猫看着我.3.人称 代 词it的用法(1)指婴儿或不明身份的人.例如:Someone is knocking at the door;please go and see who il is.有人在敲门,请去看看是谁.(2)表示天气、季节、星期、时间、距离等.例如:It often rains heavily in my hometown in summer.夏天我的家乡经常下很大的雨.How far is it from your school to your home?从学校到你家有多远?(3)用作形式主语,常用于下列句型中:It is adj.+(for/of sb.)to do sth.例如:It is important for us to study hard.对我们来说努力学习很重要.Its+adj.+that 从句.例如:It*s necessary that you should speak at the meeting.你在会上讲话是有必要的.(4)用作形式宾语,常用于“sb.find/think it+adj.+to do sth.”句型中.例如:I think it necessary to learn to wait in line.我认为学会排队是有必要的.(5)构成强调句型“It is/was+被强调部分+that/who/whom+其他成分”.例如:It was yesterday that we went to see a film.我们是昨天去看电影的.知识点2 物主代词一、定义:表示“我的”“你的”“他/她/它的”“我/你/他(她、它)们的”这类所有关系的代词叫做物主代词.物主代词分为形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词.二、用法人称单数复数形容词性物主代词名词性物主代词形容词性物主代词名词性物主代词第一人称mymineourours第二人称youryoursyouryours第三人称hishisherherstheirtheirsitsits1.形容词性物主代词具有形容词属性,需放在名词前作定语,一般不单独使用.例如:Her father is a doctor.她的父亲是一位医生.2.名词性物主代词常用来代替前面已提及的名词,具有名词属性,后面不能再跟名词,名词性物主代词相当于“形容词性物主代词+名词”.例如:Our school is smaller than theirs.我们的学校比他们的(学校)小.This is my book.这是我的书.=This book is mine.这本书是我的.3.名词性物主代词可以和o f连用作定语,构成双重所有格.例如:He is a friend of mine.他是我的一个朋友.知 识 点3反身代词一、定义:表示“我(们)自己”“你(们)自己”“他/她/它(们)自己”的代词称为反身代词.反身代词与它所指代的名词或代词形成互指关系,在人称、性、数上应保持一致.第一、二人称的反身代词是由形容词性物主代词加-self或-selves构成,第三人称的反身代词是由人称代词的宾格加-self 或-selves 构成.二、用法人称数单数复数第一人称myselfourselves第二人称yourselfyourselves第三人称himselfherselfthemselvesitself1.作动词或介词的宾语,表示主语和宾语是同一(些)人或事物.例如:The little boy can dress himself now.这个小男孩现在能自己穿衣服了.2.作主语或宾语的同位语,用来加强语气,表示亲自、本人.例如:Mary herself worked out the problem.玛丽自己解决 了这个问题.I want to see Bob himself.我想见鲍勃本人.3.作表语.例如:The boy in the picture is myself.照片上的男孩就是我自己.4.含有反身代词的常用短语.例如:by oneself 独自地 for oneself 为自己enjoy oneself玩得高兴 help oneself to随便吃/用learn by oneself 自 学 teach oneself 自 学知 识 点4不定代词一、定义:不明确指代某个人、某个事物、某些人和某些事物的代词叫做不定代词.不定代词分为普通不定代词和复合不定代词.二、普通不定代词的用法普通不定代词both,either,neither,all,each,none,some,any,(a)little,(a)few,other,others,theother,the others,another 等复合不定代词some 类:someone,somebody,somethingevery-类:everyone,everybody,everythingany-类:anyone,anybody,anythingno-类:no one,nobody,nothingl.some 与 anysome和any都可表示“一些”.some主要用在肯定句中;any多用于疑问句或否定句中.但在疑问句中,如希望得到肯定回答或表示请求、建议时要用some.例如:Do you have any suggestions?你有什么建议吗?Would you like some oranges?你想要些橙子吗?2.many 与 much这两个单词是同义词,都表示“许多”.many的后面用可数名词的复数形式;much则用来修饰不可数名词.它们都可以与表示程度的副词so,too连用.例如:They have many friends in our school.他们在我们的学校有很多朋友.My sister never eats so much breakfast.我妹妹从来不吃这么多早餐.3.both,either 与 neither4.all 与 none词语含义及用法谓语形式常用短语示例both两者都,表肯定含义复数both.and 两者都;both o f 两者都Both New York and London have trafficproblems.纽约和伦敦都存在交通问题.Both of his sisters like playing tennis.他的两个姐姐都喜欢打网球.either两者中任意一个,可以用于肯定句和否定句中单数either.or 或者 或者 Either of the books is interesting.两本书中的任何一本都很有趣.Either he or I am right.不是他对就是我对.neither两者都不,表否定含义单数neither.nor.既 不 也不;neithero f 两者都不He can neither read nor write.他既不会读也不会写.Neither of them is interested in music.他们对音乐都不感兴趣.词语含义谓语形式常用短语示例all-kn-=k i JJL i,-r都,表 月 7b含义复数all o f 三者或三者以上都All of my friends are celebrating mybirthday.我所有的朋友都在为我庆祝生日.none都 不,表否定 含 义,与all意义相反代 替 不 可 数名词时,谓语动 词 用 单 数形式;代替可数名词时,谓语 动 词 用 单none o f 三者或 三 者 以 h都不None of the food was left.食物一点儿没剩.None of the students is/are afraid ofdifficulties.学生们都不怕困难.5.little,a little,few 与 a few数、复数均可6.each 与 every词语含义用法示例little儿 乎 没 有(及否定)指代或修饰不可数名词I have little interest in math.我对数学几乎没有兴趣.a little有 一 点 儿(表肯定)He can speak a little German.他能说一点儿德语.few几 乎 没 有(表否定)指代或修饰可数名词复数Few people can work the math problem out.几乎没有人能解出来这道数学题.a few一些,几个(表肯定)I have a few friends in New York.我在纽约有几个朋友.7.other,the other,others,the others 与 another词语eachevery不同点用作形容词或代词,可单独使用只用作形容词,不可单独使用强调个体(同一个群体中的某个人)强调整体(整个群体中的所有人)指两者或两者以上的人或事物中的“每一个,指三者或三者以上的人或事物中的“每个“后可加o f短语后不可加o f短语相同点each/every+名词作主语时,谓语动词要用单数形式示例Each of us was given a nice gift.我们每个人都得到了一份精美的礼物.Every student in the class likes MissWu.班上的每个学生都喜欢吴老师.词语含义用法及固定搭配示例other其 他 的,别 的(泛 指,可修饰名词)常 与 名 词 复 数 连 用,即“other+名 词 复 数”,相当于others,each other(=oneanother)互相You should consider otherpeople before you act.你在行动之前应当考虑到别人.the other另一个(特指,两部分或两者中的另一个)one.,the other.表 示“一个,另 一 个 ”;theother+名词复数”相 当 于theothersHe raised one hand andthen the other.他先举起一只手,然后举起另一只.others其 余 的,别的(泛 指,表示除去一部分后some.,others一 些.,另一些.Some of the questions arehard,others are easy.这些三、复合不定代词的用法的另一些,但不是剩下的全体)问题中有些难,有些容易.the others其 余 的,别 的(特 指,指一定范围内除去一部分后,剩余的全部人或物)可单独使用There are five foreignstudents in our class.Twoof them are Americans andthe others are Canadians.我们班有五个外国学生,其中两个是美国人,乘IJ下的(三个)是加拿大人.another另一个;再一个(泛指三 者 或三者以上的人或物的另一个)其后直接加名词单数;若其后 有 基 数 词 或few修饰,则可接名词复数I dont like this room.Imgoing to ask for another.我不喜欢这个房间.我打算另要一间.1.由som e和any等构成的复合不定代词淇区别同som e和any.someone,somebody,something通常用于肯定句;anyone,anybody,anything通常用于否定句、疑问句或条件状语从句.2.当形容词、不定式或else修饰复合不定代词时,形容词、不定式或else必须放在复合不定代词之后,语法上称作“后置”.例如:There is something interesting in the book.这本书里有一些有趣的东西.3.复合不定代词作主语、宾语和表语.作主语时,谓语动词一般用单数.例如:Somebody is talking in the empty house.有人在那个空房子里说话.4.复合不定代词常用句型(l)There is something/nothing wrong with意为 出/没问题了”.例如:There is something wrong with the car.这辆汽车出问题了.(2).has something/nothing to do with.意为”与 有/无关”.例如:It has nothing to do with me.这件事与我无关.(3)sb.can do nothing but意为“某人什么都做不了,只能”.例如:We can do nothing but wait.我们什么都做不了,只能等待.知识点5指示代词一、定义:指示代词是用来指代或标记人或事物的代词,表示“这个(些厂“那个(些)”.常用的指示代词有 this,that,these,those,it,one.二、用法三、it,one 与 that/those 的区别词语用法及示例this(复 数 形 式由 ese)表示时间或空间上较近的人或物.例如:This is a beautiful flower.这是一朵美丽的花.These are my books.这些是我的书.下文中将要讲到的事物.例如:Please remember this:No pains,no gains.请记住这一点:一分耕耘,一分收获.把某人介绍给第三者时,常使用句型this is.例如:Mike,this is my friend Li Ming.迈克,这是我的朋友李明.打电话时,用 this介绍自己.例如:This is Tom speaking.我是汤姆.that(复 数 形 式those)表示在时间上或空间上较远的人或物.例如:That is her bike.那个是她的自行车.Those boxes are heavy.那些箱子很重.that可指前文中刚刚提到过的事物.例如:He was ill.That was why he didnt go to school.他生病了,那就是他没有去上学的原因.打电话询问或确认对方是哪一位时用that.例如:Whos that?你是谁?Is that.?你是 吗?词语用法示例it指代与上文提到的对象是同一事物(同类同物)I left my dictionary on my desk,but today it isgone.我把字典落在书桌上了,但是今天它不见了.one泛指上文提及的同类事物中的一个(同类不同物)I dont like this pen.Could you show me abetter one?我不喜欢这支钢笔,你能给我看一支更好点儿的吗?that/those常用于比较结构中,th at代替前面提到的可数名词单数或不可数名词;those代替前面提到的可数名词复数,以避免重复Marys handwriting is far better than that ofHenry.玛丽的书写比亨利的(书写)好很多.The weather in Changchun is colder than thatin Nanjing.长春的天气比南京的冷.核心考点,各个击破考 点 1 人称代词例 1(2022 河北,31 题,1 分)Where is your brother?I want to give a book.A.me B.you C.him D.her【解析】本题考查人称代词宾格的用法.句意:你弟弟在哪里?我想给他一本书.m e我;you你;him他;her她.此处使用h im 指 代 your brother.答案:C针对性练习1考点2 物主代词1.Everyone makes mistakes in his or her life.The important thing is not to repeat_.A.it B.them C.him D.her2.-Is the woman a teacher?-Yes.She teaches English.A.you B.us3.Everyone likes my father becauseA.his B.himC.our_ is friendly.C.heD.yourD.himself例 2(2022吉林,1 题分)Mary has a brother,and name is Bob.A.her B.its C.his【解析】本题考查形容词性物主代词辨析.句意:玛丽有一个哥哥他的名字叫鲍勃.her她的;its它的;his他的.根据“brothe/可知,鲍勃是男性,需要用his.答案:C针对性练习21.We must protect plants.They are friends of.A.weB.usC.our D.ours2.-Excuse me,may I use your b i c y c l e?i s broken.-Certainly.But remember to return it before lunch.A.I B.Me C.Myself D.Mine3.-Excuse me,is this new camera?-Yes,it s.A.your;my B.your;mine C.yours;my D.yours;mine考点3 反身代词例 3(2021湖南怀化,26 题,1 分)No one taught the old lady how to use WeChat.She learned itby-A.yourself B.myself C.herself【解 析】本题考查反身代词辨析.句意:没有人教这个老太太如何使用微信,她是自学的.yourself你自己;myself我自己;herself她自己.通过“没有人教这个老太太如何使用微信 ,可知“她是自学的learn.by oneself意为“自学”.答案:C针对性练习31 .-Look at this model ship.I made it all by last week.-Wow,you are so smart!A.me B.my C.mine D.myself2.-Judy and I will go to the beach tomorrow.-Its so nice.Enj oy.A.yourselves B.yourself C.herself3.-Your English is very good.Who taught you?-Nobody.I t aught.A.me B.him C.himself D.myself考点4 不定代词例 4(2021 江苏盐城,6 题分)-Why are you laughing,Daniel?-There is funny in the newspaper.Come and see.A.anything B.something C.everything D.nothing【解析】本题考查不定代词辨析.句意:你为什么开怀大笑,丹尼尔?报纸上这些事太好笑了,过来看看.承接上文句意,下文是肯定句,排 除 选 项 A、D,something表示“某事;一些事情”,everything表示“一切”,和句意不符.答案:B针对性练习41 .-Which of the two pairs of shoes will you take?-Ill take.They are too small for me.A.both B.all C.either D.neither2.-Where is my notebook?-I dont know.It isn*t here.Maybe took it away by mistake.A.everybody B.nobody C.anybody D.somebody3.Hurry up,kids!The school bus is coming.We have time left.A.few B.a few C.little D.a little考点5 指示代词例 5(2021江苏苏州,5 题,1 分)The gravity on Mars is only about three eighths of onthe Earth.A.that B.those C.one D.ones【解析】本题考查指示代词辨析.句意:火星的引力只相当于地球的八分之三.thal指)词;ihose是 that的复数形式,(特指)=the+名只能代替可数名词复数;one(泛指)=a/an+名词;ones是 one的复数形式.本句中用that代替“the gravity”.答案:A针对性练习5l.We decide to make a rule for us roommates to turn off the lights at 10:30 p.m.A.thatB.thisD.one2.My star sign is Virgo and my characteristics are similar to described in that book.A.them B.these C.ones D.those3.Your hometown is really nice!The air quality is as good as of Sanya.A.it B.one C.that D.the one答案:针对性练习1:1.B 2.B 3.C针对性练习2:1,D2.D3.B针对性练习3:1.D2.A3.D针对性练习4:1,D2.D3,C针对性练习5:1.C 2.D 3.C从模拟演练和实战操作模拟演练1.(2021 四川成都一模)When I dont understand the sentences,I l ook up in adictionary.A.it B.him C.them2.(2021 北京朝阳区一模)Peter has a baby sister.He wants to share every toy wi t h.A.her B.him C.you D.them3.(2021 湖4匕襄阳一模)-Sam finds sweeping robots useful,and he plans to buy for hisgrandma.-He has always been a filial(孝顺的)boy.A.it B.one C.this D.that4.(2021 福建模拟)I like these two dresses,but I can only afford of them.-I suggest you take the white one.A.neither B.both C.either5.(2021 四川成都一模)-Do polite manners cost?-,but they help us get a lot.A.something;Nothing B.anything;C.anything;NothingEverything6.(2021河北石家庄模拟)No matter what happens,children should learn to stay calm andpr ot e c t.A.himself B.herself C.yourself D.themselves7.(2021山东济南模拟)-When is your fathers birthday?-birthday is on April 2nd.A.He B.She C.His D.Him8.(2021北京大兴区一模)Mikes mother is a doctor and works in a big hospital.A.she B.her C.he D.him9.(2021 江苏盐城一模)-Which would you like to choose for your P.E.entrance exam,basketballor volleyball?-.1 prefer football.A.Both B.Either C.None D.Neither10.(2021湖北武汉模拟)-Have the employees given any solutions to the problem?-Yes,a lot,but of them is satisfying.A.all B.none C.neither D.both11.(2021 黑龙江大庆一模)-Where is my pen?Have you seen?-Oh,sorry.I have taken by mistake.A.it;yours B.them;this C.it;mine D.them;yours12.(2021 贵州黔东南二模)As for learning English,students who read a lot can do much betterthan who don t.A.that B.those C.these D.them13.(2021 湖南株洲模拟)-Where did you buy your shoes,from a shop or a supermarket?-.1 always shop online.A.Neither B.None C.Both14.(2021 四川巴中一模)-What do you think of the house?-It is much more beautiful t han.A.we B.us15.(2021 福 建龙岩三模)Could you recordwatch later.A.one B.them16.(2021山东临沂模拟)-This book is a littleme one?-OK,what about this book?A.the other B.otherC.ours D.ourtoday*s CBA basketball game for me?I canC.itdifficult for me to read.Could you please lendC.another17.(2021北京石景山区一模)-Is this your phone,Sarah?-Yes,it s.A.yours B.mine C.his D.hers18.(2021 湖北荆州一模)-Youre always working.Come on,lets go shopping.-you ever want to do is going shopping.A.All B.Something C.Nothing D.That19.(2021 甘肃i酉泉模拟)-Sarah,what do you think of my new scarf?-Its beautiful.I plan to buy.A.this B.one C.that D.it20.(2021辽宁沈阳一模)1 turned to bookshops and libraries looking for information andf oundA.both B.none C.one D.neither答案:l.c【解析】本题考查人称代词的用法.句意:当我看不懂这些句子时,我就查字典.it它;him他;them他(她、它)们.此处用them指代上文中的the sentences.2.A【解析】本题考查人称代词辨析.句意:彼得有一个小妹妹,他想跟她分享每一个玩具.her她;him他;you你;them他(她、它)们.此空指代前文提到的sister”,是女性,应用her.3.B【解析】本题考查指示代词辨析.句意:一萨姆发现扫地机器人很有用,他计划给他的奶奶买一台.一他一直是个孝顺的孩子.it它,指代与上文提到的对象是同一事物(同类同物);one 一个,泛指上文提及的同类事物中的个(同类不同物);this这个,这,一般指较近的事物,不能代替前面的东西;that那,那个,作指示代词时,一般指较远的事物.代替上文出现的同款扫地机器人,应选one.4.C【解析】本题考查不定代词辨析.句意:一这两条连衣裙我都喜欢,但是我只能买得起其中一条.一我建议你买白色的那条.neither两者都不;both两者都,either两者中任意一个.根据上句中 的 only afford及下句中take the white one”可知,此处表示只能买得起其中一条.5.C【解析】本题考查不定代词辨析.句意:一礼貌会花费你什么吗?一什么都不花,但它们能帮我们多something某事,用在肯定句或希望得到对方肯定回答的疑问句中;anything任何事,用在否定旬或疑问句中.第一句是一般疑问句,用 anything.nothing没什么;everything任何事.根据 they help us get a lot”可知,句意转折,意 为“帮助很多但不花费什么”.6.D 7.C 8.A 9.D10.B【解析】本题考查不定代词辨析.句意:一员工对这个问题有什么解决办法吗?一是的,很多,但是没有一个是令人满意的.all全都,三者或三者以上都;none没有人,三者或三者以上都不;neither两者都不:both两者都.根据but表示转折关系,可知此处是他们中没有令人满意的解决方法.11.A12.B【解析】本题考查指示代词辨析.句意:至于学英语,阅读多的学生比不阅读的学生学得更好.that那个;those那些;these这些;them他们.than后面用代词代替前面的人或物时,一般用指示代词that/those;根据比较级的规则,than前后的对比对象要在人称和数上保持一致;根据“students”可知,应用those来代替复数名词.13.A14.C【解析】本题考查物主代词的用法.句意:一你觉得这房子怎么样?一一它比我们的房子漂亮得多.we我们,人称代词主格;us我们,人称代词宾格;ours我们的,名词性物主代词;our我们的,形容词性物主代词.设空处后面没有名词,所以用名词性物主代词ours,相当于“our house”.15.C 16.C 17.B18.A【解析】本题考查代词辨析.句意:一你总是在工作.来吧,我们去购物吧.一你总想去购物.all全,都,用在三者或三者以上都;something某物;nolhing没什么;Ihal那个.“you ever want to do”的 do缺少宾语,此空处的all that相当于what,作宾语成分,th at在定语从句中可以省略.19.B 20.B真题演练1.(2021湖南湘潭)Is that bag,Anna?-No,its Tinas.A.your B.yours C.yourself2.(2022四川成者B)Where did you get this sky lantern?-I made it by.A.herself B.itself C.myself3.(2021 湖北荆州)-Whos that boy over there?-is my cousin.A.You B.I C.He D.She4.(2021 黑龙江绥化)The population of Suihua is much smaller than of Harbin.A.it B.one C.that5.(2021山东东营)-Judy,why is your dog barking(吠叫)at the mirror?-Because it cant recognize(认出)in the mirror.A.me B.it C.you D.itself6.(2021 河北)This isnt my d i c t i o n a r y.i s over there,on the desk.A.His B.Mine C.Hers D.Yours7.(2021 江苏连云港)Miss Li,a humorous teacher,taught math last term.A.us B.our C.ours D.ourselves8.(2021 新疆)-Where would you like to go next week,Beijing or Tianjin?-is OK.Its up to you.A.Both B.None C.Either D.All9.(2021 湖北武汉)-There are mainly six kinds of tea in China.Which is your favorite?-Green tea,I guess.Ive tried black tea,green tea and so on,and of them have theirspecial tastes.A.all B.both C.none D.neither10.(2021 天津)Mikes aunt is English teacher.We all like.A.our;she B.our;her C.we;she D.we;her11.(2021 胡南株洲l)Dont play with the knife,or youll cut.A.itself B.yourself C.himself12.(2021 贵州安1页)-Did you do fun on your vacation,Tara?-Yes,I did.I went to Sanya.A.everything B.anything C.nothing13.(2021 黑龙江大庆)On the website,you can chat with in English to improve yourspoken English.A.other B.another C.the other D.others14.(2021 江苏扬州)-Which color do you like,red or blue?-.I like green.A.Either B.Both C.Neither D.None15.(2021 重庆 B 卷)The old man often tells them interesting stories,so they like verymuch.A.he B.him