高三英语二轮复习阅读理解专题环境类专项训练.docx

14环境类真题练习2017卷三After years of heated debate, gray wolves were reintroduced to Yellowstone National Park. Fourteen wolves were caught in Canada and transported to the park. By last year, the Yellowstone wolf population had grown to more than 170 wolves.Gray wolves once were seen here and there in the Yellowstone area and much of the continental United States, but they were gradually displaced by human development. By the 1920s, wolves had practically disappeared from the Yellowstone area. They went farther north into the deep forests of Canada, where there were fewer humans around.The disappearance of the wolves had many unexpected results. Deer and elk populations major food sources (来源) for the wolf grew rapidly. These animals consumed large amounts of vegetation (植被), which reduced plant diversity in the park. In the absence of wolves, coyote populations also grew quickly. The coyotes killed a large percentage of the park s red foxes, and completely drove away the park s beavers.$来&源As early as 1966,biologists asked the government to consider reintroducing wolves to Yellowstone Park.They hoped that wolves would be able to control the elk and coyote problems.Many farmers opposed the plan because they feared that wolves would kill their farm animals or pets. The government spent nearly 30 years coming up with a plan to reintroduce the wolves. The U.S.Fish and Wildlife Service carefully monitors and manages the wolf packs in Yellowstone.Today,the debate continues over how well the gray wolf is fitting in at Yellowstone.Elk,deer,and coyote populations are down,while beavers and red fores have made a comeback.The Yellowstone wolf project has been a valuable experiment to help biologists decide whether to reintroduce wolves to other parts of the country as well.28.What is the text mainly about?A.Wildlife research in the United States. B.Plant diversity in the Yellowstone area.C.The conflict between farmers and gray wolves. D.The reintroduction of wolves to Yellowstone Park.29.What does the underlined word “displaced” in paragraph 2 mean?A.Tested.B.Separated.C.Forced out.D.Tracked down.30.What did the disappearance of gray wolves bring about？A.Damage to local ecology. B.A decline in the parks income.C.Preservation of vegetation. D.An increase in the variety of animals.31.What is the authors attitude towards the Yellowstone wolf project？A.Doubtful. B.Positive. C.Disapproving. D.Uncaring.2020卷二When you were trying to figure out what to buy for the environmentalist on your holiday list, fur probably didnt cross your mind. But some ecologists and fashion(时装) enthusiast are trying to bring back the market for fur made from nutria(海狸鼠).Unusual fashion shows in New Orleans and Brooklyn have showcased nutria fur made into clothes in different styles.“It sounds crazy to talk about guilt-free fur unless you understand that the nutria are destroying vast wetlands every year,” says Cree McCree, project director of Righteous Fur.Scientists in Louisiana were so concerned that they decided to pay hunters $5 a tail. Some of the fur ends up in the fashion shows like the one in Brooklyn last month.Nutria were brought there from Argentina by fur farmers and let go into the wild. “The ecosystem down there cant handle this non-native species(物种). Its destroying the environment. Its them or us,” says Michael Massimi, an expert in this field.The fur trade kept nutria in check for decades, but when the market for nutria collapsed in the late 1980s, the cat-sized animals multiplied like crazy.Biologist Edmond Mouton runs the nutria control program for Louisiana. He says its not easy to convince people that people that nutria fur is green, but he has no doubt about it. Hunters bring in more than 300,000 nutria tails a year, so part of Moutons job these days is trying to promote fur.Then theres Righteous Fur and its unusual fashions. Model Paige Morgan says,“To give people a guilt-free option that they can wear without someone throwing paint on them I think thats going to be a massive thing, at least here in New York.” Designer Jennifer Anderson admits it took her a while to come around to the opinion that using nutria fur for her creations is morally acceptable. Shes trying to come up with a label to attach to nutria fashions to show it is eco-friendly.28. What is the purpose of the fashion shows in New Orleans and Brooklyn?A. To promote guilt-free fur. B. To expand the fashion market.C. To introduce a new brand. D. To celebrate a winter holiday.29. Why are scientists concerned about nutria?A. Nutria damage the ecosystem seriously. B. Nutria are an endangered species.C. Nutria hurt local cat-sized animals. D. Nutria are illegally hunted.30. What does the underlined word "collapsed" in paragraph 5 probably mean?A. Boomed. B. Became mature. C. Remained stable. D. Crashed.31. What can we infer about wearing fur in New York according to Morgan?A. It's formal. B. It's risky, C. It's harmful. D. It's traditional.2021乙卷Youve heard that plastic is polluting the oceans between 4.8 and 12.7 million tonnes enter ocean ecosystems every year. But does one plastic straw or cup really make a difference? Artist Benjamin Von Wong wants you to know that it does. He builds massive sculptures out of plastic garbage, forcing viewers to re-examine their relationship to single-use plastic products.At the beginning of the year, the artist built a piece called “Strawpocalypse,” a pair of 10-foot-tall plastic waves, frozen mid-crash. Made of 168,000 plastic straws collected from several volunteer beach cleanups, the sculpture made its first appearance at the Estella Place shopping center in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.Just 9% of global plastic waste is recycled. Plastic straws are by no means the biggest source ( 来 源 )of plastic pollution, but theyve recently come under fire because most people dont need them to drink with and, because of their small size and weight, they cannot be recycled. Every straw that' s part of Von Wong's artwork likely came from a drink that someone used for only a few minutes. Once the drink is gone, the straw will take centuries to disappear.In a piece from 2018, Von Wong wanted to illustrate (说明) a specific statistic: Every 60 seconds, a truckload's worth of plastic enters the ocean. For this work, titled "Truckload of Plastic, "Von Wong and a group of volunteers collected more than 10,000 pieces of plastic, which were then tied together to look like theyd been dumped(倾倒)from a truck all at once.Von Wong hopes that his work will also help pressure big companies to reduce their plastic footprint.28.What are Von Wongs artworks intended for?A.Beautifying the city he lives in. B.Introducing eco-friendly products.C.Drawing public attention to plastic waste. D.Reducing garbage on the beach.29.Why does the author discuss plastic straws in paragraph 3?A.To show the difficulty of their recycling. B.To explain why they are useful.C.To voice his views on modern art. D.To find a substitute for them.30.What effect would "Truckload of Plastic" have on viewers?A.Calming. B.Disturbing C Refreshing D. Challenging.31.Which of the following can be the best title for the text?A.Artists' Opinions on Plastic Safety B.Media Interest in Contemporary ArtC.Responsibility Demanded of Big Companies D.Ocean Plastics Transformed into SculpturesResearchers at the Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology (RMIT University) have found that the single- use face masks used by billions of people across the globe every day can successfully be used to produce materials for road-building.Face masks are legal requirements for the public in most countries. They serve as Personal Protective Equipment (PPEs) which are used to reduce the spread of the COVID-19 virus. As a result, large numbers of single-use face masks are being used every day all over the world.However, both the production and disposal(处理）of billions of face masks are having harmful effects on the planet. Millions of them end up in landfill or find their way into the world's oceans.The use of PPEs has grown rapidly during the pandemic. It is estimated that 6. 8 billion face masks are used across the globe every day. This is not good news for the environment as many of these are discarded(废弃的)after just one or two uses, resulting in increased volumes of waste heading for landfill sites.Inspired by seeing huge numbers of used face masks littering streets in the area, a team of researchers at RMIT University decided to conduct a study to look for ways in which used face masks could successfully be used for other purposes."If we can bring circular economy thinking to this massive waste problem, we can develop the smart and sustainable solutions we need," RMIT's Professor Jie Li said.The researchers looked for new ways in which single use face masks could be used in other processes so they would not add to environmental degradation. The team produced a building material that could be used for the construction of roads. The mix consisted of single use face masks and processed building rubble (碎石). The researchers found that mixing sliced face masks with the rubble added hardness and strength to the mix. The product also met civil engineering safety standards.The study showed that three million recycled face masks could build a kilometer of double sided road. This would prevent 93 tons of waste from heading to landfill.32. What is paragraph 2 intended to show?A. The fast spread of COVID-19. B. The huge consumption of face masks.C. The need to wear face masks every day. D. The consequences of refusing face masks.33. Why did the researchers carry out the study?A. To develop a kind of reusable face mask. B. To encourage a new way to build local streets.C. To promote international economic development. D. To deal with the waste problem of used face masks.34. How do face masks play their role in producing the new building material?A. They simplify its processing. B. They take the place of rubble.C. They guarantee its roughness. D. They make it harder and stronger.35. What can be a suitable title for the text?A. The Normal Disposal of Used Face Masks B. The Benefit of Collecting Face Mask LitterC. Discarded Face Masks Are Used to Build Roads D. Recycled Face Masks Can Be Used RepeatedlyRising seas, melting ice caps and other effects of a warming climate probably can not be changed tor centuries and are driven by greenhouse gas emissions(排放）from human activity, a scientific group working under the guidance of the United Nations said in a report."We've known for decades that the world is warming, but this report tells us that recent changes in. the climate are widespread, rapid and unprecedented(史无前例的）i thousands of years," said Ko Barrett, a member of the group. "Further, it is evident that human activities are causing climate change."Without rapid reductions in emissions, global temperatures could rise more than an additional 1. degrees over the next 20 years, the report forecasts. Oceans are warming, and sea level is increasing by 3. 7 mm, or about 0. 1 inch, a year, the scientists said in the report.Weather around the world has grown more extreme by many measures, the scientists said, with more frequent heat waves in some regions and heavier rainfall and flooding in others."When you see what has happened this summer with heat waves in Canada and the heavy rainfall in Germany, - think this is showing that even highly developed countries are not spared," said Sonia Seneviratne, a lead co author of the report. The report builds scientific baselines for COP26, a key climate-change summit (IA) to be held in Glasgow. Representatives from 197 countries are expected to present updated plans for reducing greenhouse-gas emissions.A global agreement resulting from a 2015 climate summit in Paris called on nations to take steps to limit future global temperature increases to 1. 5 degrees. But the efforts are falling short.28. How does paragraph 3 mainly show the effect of greenhouse- gas emissions?A. By referring to data. B. By making comparisons.C. By mentioning various disasters. D. By listing countries as examples.29. What do Sonia Seneviratne's words suggest about climate change? A. Its victims are able to stand its tests. B. It barely affects developed countries.C. Its harmful effect is wide and severe. D. It can be controlled by some nations.30. Why is COP26 to be held?A. To praise the work of limiting temperature increases.B. To promote the effort to cut greenhouse gas emissions.C. To build scientific baselines for future human activity.D. To blame Paris on its failure to hold a climate summit.31. What is the text mainly about?A. A study. B. A meeting. C. A plan. D. A report.Methane is one of the biggest drivers of global warming: About 95% of methane emissions（排放）from cattle come out of their mouths and noses. The common method to design cattle feed additives helps in the reduction of methane gas in cattle's stomachs. However, chemical additives may become a problem for animal life and also the products. A British start-up has come up with a cow mask, which breaks down methane, a more harmful greenhouse gas than carbon dioxide, into CO, and water. The start-up, named Zelp, was founded by brothers Francisco and Patricio Norris, children of Argentine-based cattle keepers. According to the company, the mask is able to reduce up to 60 percent of methane emissions in cattle.Unlike a human face mask, the cow mask doesn't cover the mouth. It sits just over the nose, helping it to catch methane from breathing and burps （打嗝）. A sensor on the device detects what percentage of methane the cow breathes out. As the methane reaches a certain level, a chemical reaction turns it into carbon dioxide and water.The mask also works as a smart device for cows. It monitors cattle location through a GPS chip, besides measuring feeding activity. Norris brothers believe that it will help cattle owners identify early symptoms of a disease and help reduce the cost of farms.The device has successfully passed trials conducted in institutions in Argentina besides UK's Royal Veterinary College. As global meat consumption is set to increase by 70 percent in the next 30 years a