一般现在时、一般过去时、现在完成时的区别和练习学案人教版英语八年级下册 .docx

一般现在时、一般过去时、现在完成时区别一、一般现在时的结构一般现在时的结构肯定式疑问式否定式否定疑问式I work.Do you work?I don't work.Don't you work?You work.Do you work?You don't work.Don't you work?We work.Do you work?We don't work.Don't you work?They work.Do they work?They don't work.Don't they work?He(She,It) works.Does he(she,it) work?He(She,It) doesn't work.Doesn't he(she it) work?二、一般现在时的基本用法一般现在时的用法1) 经常性或习惯性的动作，常与表示频度的时间状语连用。时间状语： every, sometimes,at, on SundayI leave home for school at 7 every morning.2) 客观真理，客观存在，科学事实。The earth moves around the sun.Shanghai lies in the east of China.3) 表示格言或警句中。Pride goes before a fall.骄者必败。注意：此用法如果出现在宾语从句中，即使主句是过去时，从句谓语也要用一般现在时。例：Columbus proved that the earth is round.4) 现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性。I don't want so much.Ann Wang writes good English but does not speak well.【比较】1. Now I put the sugar in the cup.   2. I am doing my homework now.第一句用一般现在时，用于操作演示或指导说明的示范性动作，表示言行的瞬间动作。 再如：Now watch me, I switch on the current and stand back. 第二句中的now是进行时的标志，表示正在进行的动作的客观状况，所以后句用现在进行时。一、单项选择：1. There _ an English film at the cinema now.A. will have B. is going to have C. is going to be D. is2. The picture _ nice.A. looks B. is looked C. look D. is looking3. She _ down and soon falls asleep.A. live B. lain C. laid D. sits4. They _ the office in time very morning.A. reach to B. arrived C. went D. get to5. We shall go to Shanghai on business before you _ back next week.A. will come B. came C. would come D. come6. The plane _ over there.A. is B. are D. was7. I see her _ the room this morning.A. to enter B. entered C. enter D. enters8. The teacher _us to come to school on time.A. ask B. asking C. asks D. asked9. John always _ others.A. help B. helping C. helps D. to help10. He _for eight hours every day.A. working B. to work C. works D. worked11. Youd better _ at home and _ your homework.A. to stay, do B. stay, do C. to stay, to do D. stay, to do12. He sits down and _ a rest.A. having B. have C. to have D. has13. Uncle Wang never _ a cake.A. make B. to make C. making D. makes(2)一般过去时一、一般过去时的结构1、肯定形式:主语+动词过去式+其他例句：She often came to help us in those days.2、否定形式：was/were+not；在行为动词前加didn't，同时还原行为动词例句：I didn't know you like coffee.3、一般疑问句：Did+主语+谓语动词原型+其他？ WasWere+主语+表语?肯定式疑问式否定式疑问否定式I workedDid I work?I did not workDid I not work?He(She,It) workedDid he(she,it) work?He (she,it)did not workDid he(she,it)not work?We workedDid we work?We did not workDid we not work?You workedDid you work?You did not workDid you not work?They workedDid they work?They did not workDid they not work?二、一般过去时的基本用法1.表示过去确定时间内发生的动作或状态常与过去时间状语如yesterday（昨天），two days ago（两天前），last year（去年），the other day（前几天），once upon a time（过去曾经），just now（刚才），in the old days（过去的日子里）等连用： My parents got married in1960.我父母于1960年结婚。 He lived in Paris until he was six.他在巴黎一直住到6岁。 What did you say just now? 你刚才说什么来着?2.表示过去连续发生的动作在这种情况下，往往没有表示过去的时间状语，而通过上下文来表示： Where did you grow up? 你是在哪儿长大的? I grew up right here in this neighborhood.我就在这个居民区长大。 My friend spent his childhood in Beijing.我的朋友在北京度过了童年。3.表示过去一段时间内经常或反复的动作常与always，never等连用。如果强调已经终止的习惯或动作要用used to do sth.： I never overslept.我过去从未睡过头。 Roland always took me out to dinner on my birthday.我从前过生日时罗兰总是带我出去吃饭。 I used to go to the cinema a lot，but I never get the time now.我过去常去看电影，可现在总是抽不出时间来。 We used to swim every day when we were children.我们还是一群孩子时，天天都去游泳。有些句子，虽然没有表示过去确定时间的状语，但实际上是指过去发生的动作或状态：I thought it was true.我以为这是真的。（在说话之前，我以为这是真的。但现在不这样认为了。）三、一般过去时记忆口诀一般过去时并不难，过去动作、状态记心间。动词要用过去式，时间状语句末站。否定句很简单，didn't 站在动原前，其它部分不要变。一般疑问句也好变，did放在句子前，主语、动原、其它部分依次站立。特殊疑问句也简单，疑问词加一般疑问句记心间。最后一条请注意，动词过去式要牢记！练习一、单项选择1. When will Uncle Sam come to see us?He'll visit us this weekend. He _ me that by email.A. told B. is told C. will tell D. was going to tell2. Where _ you just now?A. isB. are C. was D. were3. Were they in the city in 2015?_. They stayed there for half a year. A. Yes, they areB. No, they aren'tC. Yes, they wereD. No, they weren't4. When _your mother _you that red dress, Betty?Sorry, I can't remember. Maybe two or three weeks ago.A. will; buyB. does; buyC. did; buyD. is; buying5. Have you read this book?Yes, I _ it two months ago. A. is reading B. have read C. will read D. read6. Look at the sign, “No photos here”. Sorry, I _ see it.A. can'tB. don't C. am not D. didn't7. A few students _ this book last week. A. bought B. Buy C. are buying D. will buy8. There _ a hospital and two parks here five years ago. A. amB. is C. are D. was9. When _ you _ there?Three days ago. A. did; go B. do; go C. will; go D. are; going10. What _ the noise, Bill?Sorry, I broke my glass.A. isB. was C. has been D. will be11. When did you _ (reach) Shanghai?Five days ago. 12. How _ you _ (go) to school yesterday?By bike. (3)现在完成时现在完成时用于过去发生的动作或状态与现在的联系，包括对现在的影响、造成的结果以及动作的持续等。现在完成时的形式是由“have/has + 过去分词”构成。1.1 现在完成时的构成肯定句：主语 + have/has + 过去分词.否定句：主语 + have/has + not + 过去分词.疑问句：Have/Has + 主语 + 过去分词.?疑问代词/疑问副词 + have/has + 主语 + 过去分词.?1.2 现在完成时的肯定句句型：主语（第三人称单数以外的人称） + have主语（第三人称单数）+ has +现在完成时的肯定句由助动词have/has加过去分词构成：He's gone shopping.他去买东西了。I've never been to Paris.我从未到过巴黎。1.3 现在完成时的否定句句型：主语 + have/has + not + 过去分词.现在完成时的否定句是在助动词have/has后加not，之后是过去分词：I haven't seen him for a long time.我已经很久没见到他了。The road hasn't been cleaned since it snowed.自下过雪以后这条路一直没有清扫过。1.4 现在完成时的一般疑问句句型： Have/Has + 主语 + 过去分词.?回答方式：Yes，主语 + have/has.No，主语 + have/has + not.现在完成时的一般疑问句是将助动词have/has置于主语之前（大写have/has后的第一个字母），在句尾加问号；这种语序是倒装语序：Have you done it? Yes，I have./No，I haven't.你做这件事了吗? 是的，我做完了。/不，我没有。Have you ever been to India? Yes，I have./No，I haven't.你去过印度吗? 是的，我去过。/不，我没去过。Have you met your new neighbors? Not so far.你见过你的新邻居没有? 至今还没有。1.5 现在完成时的特殊疑问句句型：疑问代词/疑问副词 + have/has + 主语 + 过去分词.?现在完成时的特殊疑问句是将疑问代词/疑问副词置于助动词have/has之前（have/has的第一个字母无需大写），和一般疑问句差不多；这种语序是倒装语序。就主语提问时，将疑问代词或带有疑问限定词的名词词组置于助动词have/has之前，在句尾加问号；这种语序是陈述句语序：Where have you been all this while? 这一阵子你在哪里?What book shave you read on this subject? 你读过哪些关于这方面的书?What have you been busy with recently? 最近你在忙什么?1.6 现在完成时的用法1.表示结束、结果现在完成时表示一个过去发生并结束的动作对现在产生的影响。这一类情况可以细分为下述两种情况：表示开始于过去的动作刚刚结束。常和already（已经），just（刚刚），now（现在），yet（迄今、还），not.yet（还没有）等连用：I've already read that book.我已经读过那本书。You're too late；the train has just left.你来得太完了，火车刚开走。表示过去动作的结果，现在仍残留着；一般不用时间状语：It has just snowed.刚刚下过雪。（地上有积雪）I have lost my watch.我把手表丢了。（现在仍未找到）The concert has started. We have to look for our seats in the dark.音乐会已经开始了，我们得在黑暗中找座位。The president's sudden death has left the country leaderless.总统突然去世，使该国处于无领袖状态。2.表示继续表示过去已经开始，持续到现在，仍要继续下去的动作或状态。往往和表示一段时间包括现在时间在内的状语连用，如today（今天），this week/month（本周/月），lately（最近），recently（最近），these days（这些日子），in the past few years（在过去的几年里），since（从以来），since yesterday（从昨天以来），for a long time（很长时间），for a month/several years（一个月/几年），so far（迄今为止），up to now（直到现在），till/until now（直到现在）等：He's known me for over twenty years.他和我相识已20多年了。Has he studied French very long? 他学习法语很久了吗?How long have you studied English? 你学英语多久了? （现在仍在学）Up to now/Until now we've had no problems.直到现在为止，我们没有碰到任何问题。3.表示经历和经验表示从过去到现在之间经历过的事情。常和often（常常），never（从来没有），ever（曾经），once（一次），twice（两次），three times（三次），before（在之前），since（自以来）等连用：Haven't I seen you before? 我以前见过你吧?He has known both grief and happiness.悲伤和欢乐的滋味他都尝过。We have not been to the cinema recently.我们最近没有去过电影院。I have not seen that film yet.我还没有看过那部电影。Her husband died ten years ago，but she has since remarried.她丈夫10年前去世，她后来又嫁人了。I've read the novel twice.这部小说我看了两遍。I've never been so annoyed in all my life!（=I was extremely annoyed）我这一生从没有这样恼火过!4.用于状语从句在时间或条件状语从句中，通常用现在完成时代替将来完成时，表示将来某一时刻前业已完成的动作：Tell me what you think of the book when you've read it.你看完这本书后，告诉我你的想法。We'll start at2 o'clock pm if it has stopped raining by then.我们将于下午2点开始，如果那时雨停了的话。1.7 关于现在完成时用法的补充说明1.关于短暂动作动词的用法终止性动词（亦称点动词）如come（来），go（去），leave（离开），buy（买），borrow（借），join（参加），die（去世），marry（结婚），lose（失去），begin（开始），stop（停止），get up（起床）等表示的动作有一个终点，到了终点就不再延续。也就是说，此类动词只表示短暂的动作，因此不能与表示延续的时间状语连用：不可以说：I've left New York for three days.可以说：I've been away from New York for three days.（这时需要 使用be动词来表示延续的状态）可以说：I left New York three days ago.我是3天前离开纽约的。如果现在完成时的谓语动词是持续较短的动态动词（点动词），通常用否定结构；在这种情况下可以和表示一段时间的短语连用。因为点动词的这种否定结构构成一种状态，而这一状态是可以持续的：They haven't written to me for3years.他们有3年没有给我写信了。She hasn't left home for several days.她已有几天没有出门了。（表示“足不出户”这一状态）They haven't visited us since2000.自2000年以来他们就没有拜访过我们。表示短暂动作的动词用于完成时，通常表示目前的结果：She's recovered from her illness.她已经痊愈。（含义是：目前状况良好）I must go back；I've left（=forgotten to bring）my car keys（be-hind）.我必须回去，我忘了带汽车钥匙。（含义是：我现在开不了汽车门。）English has borrowed words from many languages.英语借用了很多其他语言的词汇。（含义是：仍会借用其他语言的词汇。）一、单项选择1. Have you ever _ an amusement park? Yes, I have. I _ Fun Times Amusement Park last year.A. been to; have gone to B. gone to; have been toC. go to; went to D. been to; went to2. I wonder when you_ the new watch.Well, I_ it for two weeks.A. have bought; have had B. bought; have boughtC. bought; have had D. have bought; have bought.3. Mr. Wang isn't here. I think he _ Shanghai.A. wentB. has been to C. has gone toD. goes4. Kate _to dance since she was 5, so she dances very well.A. has learnedB. learnsC. have learnedD. learned5. David knows much about the city because he_ there many times.A. goes B. went C. has gone D. has been21. He _ in this factory for 20 years already.A. will workB. worksC. has workedD. is working6. You said that Zhijin Cave is very beautiful. _ you _ there?A. Have; goneB. Have; beenC. Have; gone toD. Have; been to7. Monica, you _ the exam! Congratulations!A. passB. have passed C. will passD. are passing8. Tom, _ you ever _ that new film? Yes. I _ it a week ago. A. have; seen; sawB. have; seen; seeC. do; see; seeD. had; seen; saw 9. I went to visit you yesterday evening, but you weren't in. Where were you then? Oh, I _ my pet dog in the park. I _ this dog for three days and it's very cute. A. was walking; have had B. walked; bought C. was walking; have bought D. walked; have had10学科网（北京）股份有限公司