2022年人教版高中英语第一册三单元知识点归纳 .pdf

人教版高中英语第一册三单元知识点归纳Unit1-3 【词汇精粹】1. argue vt.& vi. 争论、辩论、说服。1)用作不及物动词时 ,构成的搭配是 :argue about(on/over), 为而争论;argue against为反对 而争论 ;argue for 为赞成 而争论 ;argue with与争论。2) argue用作及物动词时 ,后面常接 the matter, the point, the question 之类的名词作宾语,还可以跟 that引导的宾语从句。quarrel 既是名词也是动词 ,表示争吵、吵架。常用于 : quarrel with sb.和某人争吵; quarrel about sth. 为而吵架 ; quarrel with sb. about/ over sth./ have a quarrel with sb. over / about sth.因某事和某人吵架。2. realize vt. 认识;明白;实现。例 : I didnt realize this until you told me. 直到你告诉了我才认识到这一点。Finally I realized what he meant. 最后我明白了他的意思。In the end he realized his hope for being an artist. 最后他实现了当艺术家的意愿。come true也可以表示 实现,但它是一个不及物动词短语,而 realize是及物动词。To his joy, his dream of being/ becoming a soldier will come true/ will be realized. 使他高兴的是 ,他成为一名士兵的愿望将要实现。3. share vt.& vi.分担;分享;共同具有 /使用。1)share 用作及物动词时后常跟名词作宾语,构成的搭配有 :share sth. with sb. 与某人共享。例 : They share all housework, including washing, cooking and looking after their child.他们分担所有家务 ,包括洗衣 ,做饭,看孩子。2)share作不及物动词时的搭配是: share in. 共享。例: She shares in my troubles as well as my joys. 她与我同甘共苦。3)share 有时还作名词讲 ,是一份,份额。例: We must do our share for our country. 我们必须为国家做出一份贡献。4. admit vt. 允许进入 (地区或场地 )、可容纳 、容许以及承认等意思。作 允许,进入用时,其句型搭配是 : admit sb./sth. into/ to。例: He opened the door and admitted me into his house. 他开门让我进屋。admit 还有可容纳 之意时 ,可以跟数词、引申为 容许、有余地,后常跟 of引起的介词短语。例 : 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 1 页，共 7 页 - - - - - - - - - - This work admits of no delay. 这项工作不允许拖延。admit 作承认解时,后面可以跟名词、动名词、名词性从句以及由to be +adj.作补足语的复合宾语。例 : Finally they had to admit defeat. 最后他们不得不承认失败。She admitted having done wrong. 她承认做错了事。5. majority n. 大多数 ;大部分。当 the majority 作主语时 ,谓语动词可以是单数 ,也可以是复数。但当the majority of + n. 做主语时 ,谓语动词由后面的名词来决定。例: The majority were/ was against the plan. 大多数人反对这个计划。The majority of the books are kept upstairs. 大多数书籍放在楼上。The majority of the money is spent on books. 大多钱都花在了书上。6. but 与 however but 与 however都可以作 但是、可是 讲。但 but 是并列连词 ,在结构上将两个分句连接起来 ,上句与下句在意义上构成对比,but 后的分句常常是上句意思的转折。however是一个副词 ,在句中位置灵活 ,在句中常用逗号与其它部分分开,可置于句首、句中和句末。例 : It is not in July but in June that the national examination takes place. 全国统考不在七月而在六月举行。He knocked and knocked, but no one came to answer the door. 他敲了又敲 ,但没人开门。It was very cold. However, he went swimming. 天很冷但他还是去游泳了。It was raining hard. However, I should go to work. 虽然天正下雨 ,可是我应该去工作。I hate concerts. I will go to this one, however. 我不喜欢音乐会。可我要去参加这场音乐会。7. trip , journey, voyage, tour 1) trip 多指包括回程 的短距离的旅行。可陆路 ,可水路。make a trip=make a journey表示作旅行 。have a trip也是作旅行 ,be on a trip表示在旅行 ,go on a trip 表示去旅行 。2) journey 多指远距离陆上旅行。a journey for three days=a three days journey 三天的行程。come/go/send sb.on a journey 去/来旅行 /送某人旅行。3) voyage(长途的 )航行、航海 ,make a voyage作航行。4) travel 作名词 ,表示旅行 (用单数形式 ,不加不定冠词 )。例: Travel is valuable because it gives us a knowledge of foreign people. 游历是有价值的,因为它使得我们了解国外人民的情况。精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 2 页，共 7 页 - - - - - - - - - - 指游历、游记常用复数,但前不加 many或数字修饰 (类似的词语有 clothes)。travels尤指国外的旅游 ,游历到远方的旅行。例 : Do you like books of travels(books of travel)? 5) tour 周游,指周游若干地方 ,有一定的旅行路线 ,最后又回到起程地点。8. difficulty n. 困难,艰难。 可用作可数和不可数名词,作具体困难 时,是可数名词。例: In face of so many difficulties, he never appeared to be afraid. 面对。 ,他毫不害怕。在下列句型中 ,总作不可数名词用。have difficulty in / there be difficulty (trouble / problem) in doing sth. / find difficulty in, in 可以省略。例 : Unless you work hard, youll have much difficulty passing the maths test. 除非你努力学习 ,你将很难通过数学考试。9. consider的用法见第 3 期。10. prefer 的用法见第 9 期。11. nature n. 1)自然(界);本质,天性提示:nature(自然)前不加冠词 ,类似的还有 room(空间), space ( 太空), trade (商业,贸易)等。例 : You must know the laws of nature. 你必须了解自然界的法则。Habit is second nature. 习惯成自然。2)固定搭配 :in nature在自然界 against nature违背自然 (规律) 12. mean. v. 1)含有意指,意欲之意,后跟名词 ,短语或句子。注意 ,mean to do 打算做 ;而mean doing意为意味着 。例: What do you mean by saying so? 你这么说是什么意思 ? He had always meant to get it mended. 他总是想让人把它修一下。2)means是方式,方法之意。当作主语时 ,其谓语动词的单复数形式要根据句子的具体含义而定。 by means of 用某办法 ;借助于某事物 。例: He does well in exams by means of practice. 他通过练习考试考得很好。By no means will he give up the chance. 无论如何他也不会放弃这个机会。【句型精析】1. I am not sure if . 我不确定是否 。1) be sure后常跟 that / if / whether 等引起的从句 ,表示某人 确信/肯定某事 。例: Jack was not sure if / whether they could come. 杰克不能肯定他们是否能来。精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 3 页，共 7 页 - - - - - - - - - - 2) be sure后还可以跟介词 of / about,意思是 确信,有把握 , 后跟名词、代词或V+ing 形式,表示某人对客观事物有肯定的认识与判断。例: Im sure of his success. 我相信他会成功。3) 若用否定式 ,则句式为 :sb. be not sure 。例: I think so but Im not quite sure.我想是这样 ,但不十分确定。2. so. that 和 such. that 句型 adj. /adv. (1)so + adj.+a+n. +that. many / much / few / little +n. adj.+可数名词复数(2)such+ adj.+不可数名词 +that. a(an)+adj. + n. He ran so fast that I couldnt catch up with him. 他跑得如此快 ,我赶不上他。 This is such an interesting book(so interesting a book) that I have read it twice. 这是如此有趣的一本书 ,我把它看了两遍。 It was such fine weather that they went out for a picnic. 天气这么好 ,他们都出去野餐了。 They are such good teachers that all of the students love them. 他们是如此好的老师,全体学生都喜欢他们。3. However, . do not have any difficulty in understanding each other. 然而 , 互相理解毫不费劲。句型 have / there be difficulty / trouble (in) doing sth. 意为做费事,difficulty 之前可用 much、little 、some、any、no 等修饰。例 : Do you have any difficulty (in) finding the post office? 找到邮局有困难吗 ? We had no trouble (in) finding his house. 我们毫不费事地找到了他家。4. Thats why the words colour, center and traveler are spelt. 那就是colour, center 和 traveler 这样拼写的原因 。由疑问词 why 引导的名词性从句在句中作表语。why 作为什么 、的原因 解。例 : Thats why he was punished. 那就是他受到惩罚的原因。其他疑问词如 what, when, where等也可以引导名词性从句,在句中作表语。 Thats what he wants to know. 那就是他所想要知道的事情。 Thats where he was born. 那就是他出生的地方。5. You should not go rafting unless you know how to swim. 除非你会游泳 ,否则别精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 4 页，共 7 页 - - - - - - - - - - 去漂流 unless 做除非,否则讲。但语气比 if.not 重。在 unless引导的从句中 ,动词一般用一般现在时 ,而不用一般将来时。例 : Ill be back tomorrow unless there is heavy snow. 除非下大雪 ,否则我明天会来的。(=如果明天不下大雪 ,我就回来。 ) Stay at home unless I phone. 除非我打电话 ,否则你就呆在家里。 (=如果我不打电话,你就呆在家里。 ) 6. . adventure travel is becoming more and more popular. 冒险旅游变得越来越受欢迎。more and more 是越来越 ,可修饰名词或形容词、副词等。例: Nowadays more and more people pay attention to their health and get more exercise.当今越来越多的人重视健康,加强锻炼。另外, 还有句型 : the +比较级 +句子,the +比较级 +句子,表示越, 越。 例: The more you read English, the better youll understand the culture of English-speaking countries. 你读英语越多 ,你就会越好地了解英语国家的文化。 The sooner you do it,the better it will be. 你越早做 ,它就越好。7. Hiking is easy to do and. 徒步旅行很容易而且 。这样的句子中要注意两个关系: 不定式动词和句子的主语具有逻辑上的动宾关系。 不定式前的形容词表示了产生不定式动作时主语的特性或情况。这两种关系决定了不定式动词只能用主动语态而不能用被动语态。这一句型中的形容词常见的有:easy, hard, difficult, heavy, light, fit, cheap, important, interesting, pleasant 以及这些词的反义词。 但如果不定式动词是不及物动词,则必须加上必要的介词或副词。这种结构常可以改为形式主语It+be+形容词 +不定式短语 (即逻辑主语 )这一句型。例: This question is easy to answer.= Its easy to answer this question. 这个问题很好回答。The house is hard to live in. 这房子很难住。【短语精选】1. 例如 for example / instance, such as 2. 为了 in order to ; so as to :in order to可用于句首、句中,但 so as to不可用于句首。3. 关心 care about 4. 登机 / 上船 on board 5. 喜欢,爱好 be fond of, 后跟名词、代词或 V+ing 形式。6. 搜索,追寻,寻找 hunt for 7. 给某人写信 write to 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 5 页，共 7 页 - - - - - - - - - - 搭配 write sb. a letter, write (a letter) to sb. 比较收到某人的来信 : hear from sb. / get (receive) a letter from sb. 8. 别客气 make yourself at home 9. 总共 in all / in total 10. 除了之外 except; except for; besides 11. 不睡,熬夜 stay up 12. 发生 come about, 相当于 happen, take place, 三者均无被动语态。13. 以告终 end up with 14. 引进,引来 bring in 15. 许许多多 ,极多 a great / good many, 可以直接修饰名词复数 ,但当有一定范围时,可以在 a great / good many后加 of。16.第一次 for the first time;第二次 for the second time, 最后一次 for the last time。如果用在 it is .that 句型中 , that 后的谓语动词用完成时态。如:It is for the first time that she has talked with an Englishman. 这是她首次同英国人谈话。17. 在某人看来 in ones opinion / in the opinion of sb. 18. 或多或少 more or less 19. 的数目 the number of: the number of修饰名词复数谓语动词用单数,注意与 a number of修饰名词复数的区别 : a number of修饰名词复数时 , 谓语动词用复数形式。20. 照顾,照料,照看 take care of / look after 21. 走开,离开,逃走,跑掉 get away (from) 22. 代替,而不 instead of ,后可跟名词、代词、 V+ing 形式,不跟动词不定式。注意与 instead的用法区别 ,instead可单独使用 ,可放在句首、句中或句末。如:I wont go swimming. Ill stay at home watching TV.= Ill stay at home watching TV instead of going swimming. 我将呆在家里看电视而不去游泳。23. 当心,提防 watch out (for) 24.另一方面 on the other hand, 常与 on the one hand连用,但有时也自己单独使用。25. 为某人送行 see sb. off 26. 几天之后 in a few days time 27. 保卫/护某人 /某物 protect sb. / sth. from 28. 也,还,同一样 as well as 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 6 页，共 7 页 - - - - - - - - - - 文档编码：KDHSIBDSUFVBSUDHSIDHSIBF-SDSD587FCDCVDCJUH 欢迎下载 精美文档欢迎下载 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 7 页，共 7 页 - - - - - - - - - -