高中英语语法知识之定语从句.docx

定语从句L定义：复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句，它起定语的作用。定语从句（Attributive Clauses）在句中做定语，修饰一个名 词或代词，被修饰的名词，词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系 副词）引出。2,定语从句的分类：限定性定语从句：对其所修饰的名词来讲是必不可少的My uncle is a man who believes in discipline.非限定性定语从句：对其所修饰的名词只是一种补充说明，并不必不可少，一般用逗号隔开。I like to chat with John, who is a clever man.3,先行词：指被定语从句修饰的名词、代词。一般先行词出现在定语从句的前面。4,关系词：定语从句是由关系代词和关系副词引导，前者在从句中作主语、宾语或者表语，后者在从句中作状语。关系代词thatwhichwho whomwhose as关系副词whenwherewhy5,关系词常有3个作用：'连接作用，引导定语从句。<代替先行词。卜在定语从句中担当一个成分。限制性定语从句（无逗号）一、关系代词指人who/whom/that定语从句1. The man ( who/that stands there ) is my father.分析：把theman代入定语从句中是充当主语，即：The man stands there ,所以连接词可用who和that例句：The beautiful girl who/that wears blue coat is my girl.2. The man ( whom/who/that they are talking about) is my father.分析：把the man代入定语从句中是充当宾语，即：They are talking about the man，所以连接词可用who, that和 whom,也就是说whom只能是当先行词代入定语从句中充当宾语的时候才可用。例句：Do you remember the boy whom/who/that we caught last year ?注：厂在定语从句中做宾语，句中的whom/who/that还可省略.J The man (they are talking about) is my father.而当把介词提前时，连接词只能用whomThe man about whom they are talking) is my father.【即学即练1】填词练习1. T have many friends, of some are businessmen.2.1 wonder the job of the girl you fall in love with.3. Miss Wang is a good teacher from I have learned a lot.4. In our factory there are 2,000 workers, two thirds of are women.5. JK.Rowling is a great writer has written many books like Harry Potter.改错练习1. The man came yesterday is our English teacher.2.1 know the student was praised at the meeting last week3. No human being can be really happy whom is not giving or trying to give happiness to others.4. Do you know the girl with who Li Ming is talking?5. What have you done to the girl is talking the teacher?二、关系代词指物which/that1. The farm (which/that raises this animal) is here*分析：把farm代入定语从句中是充当主语，即：The farm raises this animalo所以连接词用which/that.例句：The place which/that hold the meeting is in the center of the city.The year( which/that I never forgot ) made many people die.分析：把year代入定语从句中是充当宾语，即：I never forgot the year.所以连接词用which/that.注：若先行词在定语从句中做宾语则句中的which/that可省略，即：The year (I never forgot) made many people die.例句：The accident (which/that) I witnessed yesterday made me sick.【即学即练2】填词练习1. Xiamen Wutong Lighthouse Park is the point from the 2015 Xiamen International Marathon started.2. Over the past decades he has saved another thousand dollars with he could support his family after retirement.3. The rise in food price is a subject Chinese people have talked about for a long time.4. He was educated at a local grammar school, after he went on to Cambridge.5. The story was about Snow White and Prince Charming is my favorite.改错练习1. He told us about the countries where he had visited.2. Egypt is a country where is famous for its pyramids.3. The days when we spent together cannot be easily forgotten.4. This is a wonderful restaurant has many delicious food.5. Chinese Kongfu has great influence in China has a long history of it.三.关系副词when / where / whyThe year ( when/ in which the earthquake happened ) made many people die.分析：把year代入定语从句中是充当时间状语，即：The earthquake happened in the year.所以连接词用when/in which.The farm ( where / on which this animal is raised ) is here.分析：把farm代入定语从句中是充当地点状语，即：This animal is raised on the farm.所以连接词用where/on which.The reason (why/ for which he was late for school) is unknown.分析：把reason代入定语从句中是充当原因状语，即：he was late for school for the reason,所以连接词用why/for which.【即学即练31填词练习1. We live in an age information is available with greater ease than ever before.2. London is the only city in the world taking a bus is an interesting experience for tourists.3. He helped his father on the farm they live.4. Is that the reason you are in favour of the suggestion?5. The most wonderful thing in the world is that you have a home you can share everything with your families.改错练习1. There are three things where a person can do to stay in good shape.2. Students should try their best to realize their dreams where is the light of their lives.2.1 would never forget the days which we had a great time together.4. Jenny will never know the reason that Jim refuses her.5. Could you tell me the place that the Green9s are going to spend their holidays.注意：当先行词在定语从句中充当主语或宾语，连接词只能用that 5种的情况：最高级序数词有人又有物不定代词 前有the only& the very修饰例：This is the very car that was stolen a few days ago.Finally, the thief handed everything that he had stolen to the police.This is the biggest lab that we have ever built in our university.I can still remember the things and people that happened many years ago.四、人&物whose (某某人的/某某物的表所属关系)The man ( whose coat is blue ) is my father.分析：the man代入定语从句中时，与coat构成所属关系，即：the man应coat,所以连接词用whose.The book ( whose color is blue ) is here.分析：the book代入定语从句中时，与color构成所属关系，HP ： the color of the book,所以连接词用whose.=The book (the color of which is blue) is here.【即学即练4】填词练习1. My friend Jennifer, with help I've made great progress in my studies, will leave for Canada next week.2. He is talking about the great woman films have been on in many cities.3. The old temple roof was damaged in storm is now under repair.4. This factory will not take on anyone eyesight is weak.5. We should respect those people whole lives have been contributed to the country.改错练习1. The poor man lives in the room which windows are broken.2. China is the country of which he spent the best part of his life.3. Love is an expensive thing, its price is your pure and sincere heart.4. My mother told me that I should never play with the kids who parents were divorced.5. The government should care more about the people where lives are tough and hard.非限制性定语从句（有逗号）即在先行词和定语从句之间加个逗号 例：This is the house which/thatwe bought last month.（限制性）The house, whichwe bought last month, is very nice.（非限制性，只能用 which）The boy who/thatwears a black hat is my brother.The boy, whowears a black hat, is my brother.区别：意思上区别不大，只是不能用that,其他连接词用法不变例J ：The city, whereI live, is very attractive.The year, when I was born, was very cold.as, which引导非限定性定语从句由as, which引导的非限定性定语从句，as和which可代整个主句。例：As we know, smoking is harmful to one's health.如我们所知,吸烟有害健康。My parents often give me money on weekend, whichis very important to me.我父母每个周某都会给我钱钱，这对于我来说非常的重要区别as指代一整句话的时候要放在句首，而which只能放在逗号后面。1两者意义不同，as有“正如”的意思，而which指代前面的一句话，有“这”的意思。注意as的特殊用法：名词前有such和the same修饰时，关系代词只用as。He is not sucha fool as he looks.Don't read suchbooks asyou can't understand.【即学即练5】填词练习1.1 walked in our garden,Tom and Jim were tying a big sign onto one of the trees.2. He was very rude to the customs officer,of course made things even worse.3. He is working hard,will make him pass the final exam.4. The letter is from my sister,is working in Beijing.5. Maybe he would never tell you the truth,is too hard to believe.改错练习1. Which we all know, swimming is a very good sport.2. My glasses, with which I was like a blind man, fell to the ground.3. Time will never come back, that is known to us all.4. There comes the writer and singer, that is famous for his great talent in art.5. Happiness is everyone's dream, as will fly away if we don't cherish it.综合练习填词练习1. You're the kindest person Fve ever met.1. One thousand people were trapped（困在）in the damaged（危险土也）building, most of were saved.3. Remember to dress smartly on an occasion something important happens.4. Home is a place people don't ignore you and avoid you.5. We'll never forget the factory we worked two weeks ago.6. The old building,windows were damaged in the earthquake is now under repair.7. is reported in the newspapers, talks between the two countries are making progress.8. The King would not choose those people hearts were not brave enough.9. Helen was much kinder to her youngest son than to the others, made the others envy him .10. He talked a lot about things and persons they remembered in the school.11. There are 250 women in our company in total, one thirds of are over 40 years old.12. You're the only man I love forever.13. Hangzhou is a beautiful city,is often called the Heaven of the Earth.14. The students moved all the books to my office,they wanted to keep them for two days.15. Reading aloud is necessary for English study,I often tell you.改错练习1 .These who have plenty of money will help their friends.2 .This is the longest train which I have ever seen.3.1 have nothing to do with him, whom is the coldest man I have ever seen.1.1 shall never forget those years which I lived in the farm which you visited last week.5 .The radio set which I bought it last week has gone wrong.6 .He paid the boy $ 10 for washing ten windows, most of them hadn't been cleaned for at least a year.7 .The day will come which the people all over the world will win liberation.8 . In the police station I saw the man from which room the thief had stolen the TV set.9 .They talked for about an hour of things and persons who they remembered in the school.10 .Phone become more and more important in our lives, with which we can not get in touch with friends in time.1 l.He is a man of great experience, from who much can be learned.12.A harvester is a machine with which we harvest crops or a person which is harvesting.13.1 have bought the same dress which she is wearing.14 . Mr. Herpin is one of the foreign experts who is working in China.15 .Chapin, for who money was now no problem , start a new film company with his friends.参考答案即学即练1填词：1. whom 2. whom 3. whom 4. whom 5.who改错：1 . The man 后加 who2 .The student 后力口 who3 .who 改为 whom4 .whom 改为 who5 .the girl 后加 who即学即练2填词：1. which 2. which 3. which 4. Which 5. which改错：1. where 改为 which2. Where 改为 which3. When 改为 which4. restaurant 后力口 that;5. China 后加 which即学即练3填词： l.when 2. where 3. where 4. why 5.where改错： 1 where 改为 that 2where-which； 3whichwhen;4thatwhy;5that-where即学即练4填词：1, whose 2. whose 3. whose 4. Whose 5.whose改错：1 .which 改为 whose2.Of which 改为 on which3 . itswhose;4 .whowhose;即学即练5填词：1.where 2. which 3. which 4. Who 5.which改错：1. which 改为 as2. with 改为 without3. that-which;4. that-who;5. as-which;综合练习填词:L whom 2. whom 3. where 4, where 5. where6. whose7. As 8. whose9. which 10. that11. whom12. who/whom/that 13. which 14. where 15. as改错：1 . these-those2 .which-that3 whom-who4 . which-when5 .删掉,6 .them-which7 .which-when8 . which-whose9 .who-thatlO.with-without.ll.who-whom12.second 'which'-who13.which-as14. is-are