高中英语 新人教版必修三 Unit1 核心词汇和重要短语的用法.docx

Unitl Festivals核心词汇单元核心词汇用法(旨在提供综合运用所需材料)I .词语辨析(旨在提供完形填空所需材料)1 .Discuss when they take place,what they celebrate and what people do at that time.辨析:take place,happen,break out均表示“出现，发生”，均为不及物动词，没有被动语态，不能直接跟宾语take place发生、碰巧:有意向性的举行，生发，侧重有一定原因，或按照计划，安排举行的事情(发生了)。happen:发生、想到、突然想起偶然性的突发，偶发。侧重没有预料到的事情，碰巧的事(出现了)。happen to sb /sth.某人'某事发生什么事happen to do sth 碰巧：It happens that碰巧，恰巧break out爆发.强调其出人意料，指火灾、战争、疾病等(突然爆发了)occur突然地发生想起。某事，某想法出现在人的头脑中，常与介词t。连用。sth occurs to sb某人想到某物 It occurred/pccurs to sb. +that从句 某人突然想起某事come about:发生、产生:常指已发生的事，还不知道为什么(多与how连用，用于疑问和否定句)，与happen用法接近。 【练习】根据句子的意思翻译或按要求填词。1) . Great changes have(发生)in our hometown during the past ten years.2) .(我突然想起)I saw him on my way home yesterday.3) . I(碰巧)to see your sister crying on my way to school yesterday. I was in such a hurry that I had no time to ask what had happened(介词)her?4) . When the Second World War(爆发)，Tom was only a newborn infant.5) . r 11 never understand how it(发生)that you were late three times a week.6) . A big earthquake(发生)in the south of China last year.答案：1). taken place2). It occurred to me that 3). happened; to 4). broke out 5). came about 6). occurred / happened2. celebrate / congratulate【解释】celebrate “庆祝”,后面跟某个节日或物。congratulate “祝贺"：congratulate sb. on (doing)sth. “祝贺某人某事” 【练习】根据句子的意思在括号里填入适当的词。1) . We allJessica on her winning the first prize in the writing competition.2) . At Christmas the people in the western countries will the birth of Jesus.3) . Lefs hold a party to your birthday and at the same time you your passing the examination.答案： 1). congratulated 2). celebrate 3). celebrate; congratulate; on3. gather/collect【解释】这两词用不及物动词时用，常可互换，都表“聚集；聚拢”。gather用途较广泛，可用于人、物或抽象事物，如人群的集合，财产，文件，书籍等的收集。强调将分散的东西收集在一起。 collect强调为了研究目的而做的有鉴别,有计划的收集，并指为了爱好而做的有条理的安排,对某些事物进行逐渐的收集【练习】根据句子的意思在括号里填入适当的词。1) . The dustmenthe rubbish once a week. 2). A group of people were at the accident spot.3) . She up her scattered belongings and left. 4). So when did you start antique glass?答案：1). collect 2). gathcring/(collecting) 3). gathercd/collectcd 4). Collecting4. award / reward【解释】award n.“奖品”、“奖金”，指因为作出杰出成就而受奖win/get/receive an award for sth.vt."授与“、"颁发"、"判给" award sb. sth. = award sth. to sb.reward n.赏金，报酬 as a reward vt.报答、酬谢 reward sb. for sth. / reward sb. with sth.【练习】根据句子的意思在括号里填入适当的词。1) . TheyJohn the first prize in the contest. 2). Is that how you me for my help?3). The film won an its photography. 答案：1). awarded 2). reward 3). award; fbrII.核心词汇用法l.meanmeans n.手段，方法E-mail is an efective means of communication.电子邮件是一种有效的通信手段。meaning n.意思，意义meaningless毫无意义的，毫无目的的 meaningful 重要的 adj.吝啬的(小气),刻薄的(卑鄙)be mean with/over/about sth 对一很吝啬 John has always been mean wilh money while his sister 达 cenerous wilh it. 他在花钱方面总是非常吝啬，然而她妹妹却很慷慨It is mean of him to say bad word on me.(3)mean (meant, meant) vt.&vi.意思是；意味着；打算；预定mean vt.意指，意思是； What did he mean by saying that?Did Jim mean that he was satisfied with our servise?mean to do sth.示意，打算去做.mean doing sth ,意味着结果What do / did you mean by？ “你是什么意思？ ”My father meant me to be an engineer. I didn't mean you to read the letter.我没有打算让你就看那封信。The new law means working overtime without pay.新法律意味着无偿力口班工作。The sign means that the road is blocked.这个标志表示此路不通.What do you mean to do with it?你打算把它怎样处理？I mean you to work as our spokesman.我想请你当我们的代言人。练习按要求填空或翻译。1). Can you tell me what this sentence(mean)?2) . Your friendship(mean) a great deal(介词)me.3) . In some parts of London, missing a bus means(wait) for another hour.4) . What did he mean(介词)saying that remark?5) . I(本来打算来)yesterday, but I had an unexpected visitor.6) .这些房间是打算用作少年活动中心的。答案：1). mean 2). means; to 3). waiting 4). by5). had meant to come6).These rooms are meant for the children's centre.2.starve: vi.&vt,挨饿，饥饿，渴望做某事。词形变化：starving adj.饥饿的;受饿的the starving饥民starvation nu.挨饿;饿死starvation diet极少量的食物重点用法starve to death = die of starvation/hunger 饿死 starve sb to death 把某人饿死 Millions of people starved to death during the war.战争中数百万计的人挨饿至 死。starve for sth. = be starved of sth. = hope/long for sth.希望/渴望得到某物 Whafs for dinnerVEm starving to death!晚饭吃什么？我饿死了!She failed again,starving for success.她乂失败了，渴望成功。be starved of缺乏，通常用被动(1) The homeless children love.这些无家可归的孩子渴望得到爱。(2) The proud man said he would ralheijjh beg for food.句型转换(3)Those motherless children were longing for affection. =Those motherless children affection. 句型转换(4)The(starve) people of this area were suffering from the terrible(starve) and many people lost their lives. 填空 (5)He love. 他缺乏爱。6) . Thousands of people in Africa.7) . These children are love.8) . The people on the island fresh water since it hadn't rained for nearly half a year.答：(1 )arestarving for (2) starve, (3)were starving for/were starved of starving;starvation Keys: 1). starved to death/died of starvation 2). starving for 3). were starved of3.honor俵示)尊敬=(show)respect,(颁发)奖励/(授予津誉=(give)award ;in honor of:为向.表示敬意，纪念©have the honor of doing sth= be honoured to do sth.做某事感到荣幸(1) The Blacks honored us with a great spcial party.布莱克一家举办特别聚会，使我们感到荣幸。(2)(授予)荣誉He has been honored with Dr. for his scientific work.他因科研成就而获授予博士头衔。(3) We held a ceremony in honor of those who was killed.我们为了纪念死难者而举行了仪式。(4)1 was honored to have been here to give a speech=It is my honor to have been here to give a speech.I consider it a great honor to be invited to dinner.我认为能被邀请参加晚宴是很大的荣幸。Some festival are held to honor the dead.有些节日举办给故人以示尊敬We show our honor to the police.我们向警察表示敬意。Today we'll meet an honored guest今天我们将会见一位贵宾。I have cooked a special meal in honor ofour visitors of exalted rank.我做了特色饭敬上我们的尊贵客人。改错 At eleven o'clock in the morning,we'll meet an honoring guest in the meeting room.答案： honoring一honored辨析admire/honour/respect/regard 这些动词均含“尊重、钦佩”之意。honour：侧重(通过某些活动形式)对某人或某物表示敬意。great respect for某人；admire：侧重指对某人或某物的仰慕、钦佩，并含欣赏爱慕之情。respect sb for其人其事.I don't agree with her,but I admire her for keeking her words.我不同他的意见，但是赞赏她恪守诺言。总结:respect,指对(年长人或地位高者)的行为、品德、才华或成就的仰慕尊重。有关方面。I respect her for her honesty.我敬重她诚实这一点。I deeply respect her courage.我深深敬佩她的勇气。I have the great respect for you brother.我非常尊敬你的哥哥。He has no respect for her feeling.不尊重The book is admirable in respect of style.这本书(在)风格(方面)极佳.1.building a charming city, almost all the citizens have joined in the big clean-up in and out of their homesA in respect of B in favour of C in response to D in need of4.belief n. czu信任；信仰；信心believe vt.&vi.相信典例1). He has great belief in his doctor.他对那位医生无比信赖。2). She has lost her belief in God.她已不相信上帝(不相信真有上帝)。重点用法have belief in sth/sb对某事物/人的真实性和正确性所具有的信心beyond belief难以置信in the belief that.相信It is my belief that.我相信练习用belief的短语填空。1) . He came to meI could help him.2) .that nuclear weapons are immoral.3) . The cruelty of the murders was.答案：1). in the belief that2). It is my belief 3). beyond belief4. Satisfy 满足(符合:satisfy a definition 符合定义)vt 使满意(其后常接人作宾语)：Nothing satisfies him, he is always complainging.vt 7黄足(其后常接 needs, demands, requirements, curiosity):The education system must satisfy the needs of all children.satisfied满意的:be satisfied w汕.对感到满意be satisfied to do sth.对做某事感到满意be satisfied of sth确信某事 satisfaction n.满意、满足：she smiled with satisfaction.辨析：Satisfying令人满意(满足)的：带来快乐的事物。It is a satisfying experience.这是一次令人满意的经历。satisfactory令人满意的，用来说明某事，某物说得过去，还凑合。The result of the experiment was satisfactory.The work is satisfactory but not excellent.工作做得可以, 但不出色。完成句子(l)This kind of job(使我不 7黄意),so I left the company and went out to find a suitable job.(2)Every one of the team(不满意我的工 作)。(3)The story you told had an attractive beginning and a(令人满意的)end.答案： (l)does not satisfy me (2)wasn,t satisfied with our treatment (3)satisfying4. gain vt.获得；得到n.c,u收获；获利典例该词有三种含义：1).表示经过努力一点一点地获得自己渴望的东西He has gained rich experience in these years.这些年他已获取了 丰富的经验。2) .表示速度、重量等慢慢增加He gained weight after recovery from his illness.康复后他的体重增加了。3) .(钟，表)走快 This clock gains five minutes a day.这只钟每天快 5 分钟。重点用法gain sth. from从处获得某物No pains, no gains. 分耕耘，分收获。gain experience / fame / independence 获得经验/名望/独立gain other,s respect / love / trust获得别人的尊敬/爱戴/信任5. admire vt.赞美；钦佩；羡慕admiration n.u钦佩；羡慕典例1). I admire your courage and wisdom.我钦佩你的勇气和智慧。2). I admired the way she had coped with life.我钦佩她面对生活的方式。重点用法admire sb. for sth./doing sth.在某方面钦佩某人in admiration赞美地/钦佩地练习中译英。1) .我们都钦佩他的勇气和胆识。2).所有认识他的人都羡慕他取得诺贝尔化学奖。3).我钦佩地看着那小女孩弹钢琴。 答案：1).We all admire him for his courage and bravery.2) . All those who knew him admired him for winning the Nobel Prize for chemistry.3) . I watched the girl playing the piano in admiration.6. permission n.u许可；允许一permit vt允许，许可，准许；vi允许，容许；n. c通行证；许可证；执照 典例You have my permission to leave.我准你离开。重点用法with/without (one9 s) permission得到允许/未经允许ask sb. for permission征求某人的许可give sb. permission to do sth.: permit sb. to do sth.允许某人做某事have one's permission 得到某人的同意练习完成句子或用括号内所提供词的适当形式填空。1). They entered the area(未经允许). 2). The prison authorities permit(visit) only once a month.3) . We have arranged to play tennis on Saturday, weather(permit).4) . You will need to obtain planning(permit) if you want to extend your house.答案：1). without permission 2). visiting 3). permitting 4). permission7. remind vt.提醒；使想起典例1). This story reminds me of my childhood.这个故事让我想起了我的童年。2) . I reminded Gerald of his promise.我提醒吉罗德他曾许卜的诺言。3) . Please remind me to write to my mother tomorrow.请提醒我明天给我母亲写信。重点用法remind sb. of sth.使某人想起某事remind sb. of / about sth.提醒某人记住某事remind sb. to do sth.提醒某人做某事remind sb. that.提醒某人/使某人想起中译英练习1).这些照片使我想起我的童年。 2).请提醒我要每天服三次药。答案：1). These photos remind me of my childhood. 2). Please remind me to take my medicine three times a day. Please remind me that I should take my medicine three times a day.8. forgive (forgave, forgiven) vt.原谅； 饶恕典例1). T 11 never forgive you!我永远都不会饶恕你! 2). He asked us to forgive him for what he had done wrong.他请求 我们原谅他的错误。重点用法forgive sb. (for) sth.原谅某人的某事forgive doing sth.原谅做某事练习完成句子或用括号内所提供词 的适当形式填空。答案：1). forgive you for what 2). forgave 3). interrupting1) . T 11 never(因你所说的话而原谅你)you said to me.2) . They(forgive) him for his crimes. 3). Forgive my(interrupt) you.9. 1.名词Award：指一种官方的奖励行为，往往鼓励在工作中达到成就或所提出的要求而进行一种奖励。强调荣誉而不在乎奖 品的大小，奖金的多少，译为：奖品，奖金，奖赏。还指(损害赔偿的)裁定额度。The Olympic winner received a gold medal as an award.He won the award for the best student of the yeat.他获本年度优秀学生奖。An award of $5,000 will be given to those hurt in the explosion.五千美元的赔偿金竟被赔偿给那些受伤者。Reward:多指对某人的帮助或辅助等的报答。帮助警方抓到罪犯或帮助失主找到东西而得:赏金,酬金,U报偿C报 酬,酬金 We will offer a reward of 10.000 dollars for catching the thief,可获一万元赏金。The fireman received a reward for saving the child's life.因救了小孩的命，消防员提到一笔奖金。We don't expect good rewards.我们不期望得到优厚的报酬。Prize多指在各类竞赛，竞争或彩票中多赢得的奖。这种奖有凭能力，有凭运气的。A peize was given to the student who had the numbe匚奖金给抽到号码的同学。She took the first prize for her singing.她获得 了唱歌一等奖。2.动词：award:授予，颁发，判给。Reward ：报答，酬谢rewarding值得去做的，有益的He was awarded the first prize for the wonderful design.他获得杰出设ii 等奖。Mr Smith has been awarded the title of "Good Teacher”斯密斯被授予“好老师”称号The judge awarded him 2000 $ as damageds.判给他 2000 美元Is that how you reward me for mu help?They rewarded the boy with 5$ for bringring back the loat dog.他们给男孩子5美元酬谢他把走势的狗送回来。How can I reward you for your kindness?我该如何酬谢你的好意呢？She reward him with a smile.他向她报之一笑。Honour sb with sth 做某事以示敬重某人：They honored us with a big meal. 颁奖 He has been honoured with Knigthood. 他获得爵士头衔。award意为“授予”时可接双宾语。We awarded the prize to him. We awarded him the prize.专昔句举仞J 与画昔句 分析： 错句：The Directors were awarding themselves with handsome salary.订正:The Directors were awarding themselves handsome salary.翻译：董事们奖励了 自己丰厚的薪水。分析：award someone sth不能与介词with搭配使用，用法类似give someone sth.9. apo I og i ze to sb for sth 10. obv i ousobv i ous I yW.重点词组(旨在提供词汇综合运用所需材料)1) take place vi.发生;举行典例1). The football match will take place tomorrow.足球赛将在明天举行。2) . The accident took place/ happened only a block from my home.事故发生在离我家仅一个街区远的地方。短语归纳take the place of (动词短语)代替/取代in place of (介词短语)代替；交换take sb's place / take the place of sb.坐某人的座位；代替某人的职务in the last place 最后in place放在原来的位置；适合的，恰当的out of place不在合适的位置；不适当的in the first place (列举理由)首先,第一点in one、place处于某人的位置，为某人设身处地想一想练习用place短语的适当形式填空。1) . A little gratitude would be.2) . T m at a loss what to do next. What would you do (if you were )?3) . Plastics havemany other materials.4) . We use plastics many other materials.5). While the manager was on holiday, he.答案： 1). in place 2). in my place 3). taken the place of 4). in place of 5). took his/her place2. in memory of = to the memory of Z己念； 追念典例1). Many ceremonies are in memory of famous people.很多典礼是为了 纪念名人的。2) . The statue was built in memory of the famous scientist.这个雕像是为了纪念那为有名的科学家而建立的。短语归纳in + n. + of短语：in honour of为了纪念；向表示敬意in praise of歌颂in favorof 赞同，支持 in charge of 负责 in need of 需要 in search of 寻找 in possession of 拥有 in place of 代替练习用in + n. + of构成的词组填空。1) . A monument was set up the dead soldiers.2) . He founded the charity (兴办那项慈善事业)his late wife.3) . If you are anything, don't hesitate to let me know.4). In the discussion, I was Mr. Li.答案：1). in memory/honour of 2). in memory of 3). in need of 4). in favor of3. dress up盛装；打扮；装饰典例1).Don91 bother to dress up. Come as you are.用不著穿讲究衣服就穿平常的衣服来吧。2) . We're supposed to dress (ourselves) up as movie characters for the party.我们在晚会上要装扮得像电影中的角色。归纳dress up for sth.为某事而盛装dress up as sb.打扮成为某人be dressed in穿着(衣服或颜色)dress sb./oneself给某人 或自己穿衣服练习用 dress 构成的词组填空1). The boya short pant. 2). He Christmas Father to amuse the children.3) . The kids are too young to, so she has to every morning.答案：1). was dressed in 2). dressed up as 3). dress themselves; dress them4. play a trick/tricks on对某人搞恶作剧/诈骗/开玩笑；对某人施计谋典例The kids are always playing tricks on their teacher.孩子们老是对他们的老师搞恶作剧。短语归纳play a joke/jokes on sb. = make fun of sb.开某人的玩笑 augh at sb.嘲笑某人练习填介词或用所给词的适当形式填空。1) . He was let in by playing a trick(介词)the guard. 2). She hated(play) tricks on in public.答案:1). on 2). being played5. look forward to 盼望；期待典例1). I'm looking forward to seeing you this summer vacation.我期待暑假见到你。2) . T m really looking forward to our vacation.我盼望着假期早日到来。短语归纳短语中t。是介词，后接名词、代词及动词-ing形式：lead to导致；通向object to反对refer to查阅；提到stick to粘住；坚持add to增加add up to总计 compareto把比作 see to负责，处理get close to 接近； 差点get down to 着手做get/be used to 习惯于pay attention to 注意put an end to结束，停止 admit to承认devoteto贡献给；致力于练习用所给词的适当形式填空。1). The boy humed forward(see) the world-famous oil painting because he had been looking forward to(see) it for a long time.2) . The day I had been looking forward to(come). 3). I used to(get) up late,