高中英语 高考高频语法之定语从句教案.docx

专题一定语从句高频考点清单定语从句的分类1）限制性定语从句：从句不可少，没有它，先行词的意思不明确，主句也不完整。与先行词之间不用逗号。Mary is a girl who has long hair.先行词 关系词定语从句关系代词关系副词2）非限制性定语从句：是对先行词的补充说明或描绘作用，没有它不会影响先行词或主句意思的完整性。从句 一般用逗号同主句分开。George, who is my classmate, has won a scholarship.先心词文系词N语从句限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句从句与先行 词的关系从句是先行词不可缺少的定语，如果省 去，主句的意思就会不完整或不明确。从句只是对先行词的附加说明，如果省去, 主句的意思仍然清楚或完整标点从句和主句之间不用逗号分开从句和主句之间通常用逗号分开关系代词指人 who （that） whom孑旨物 which （that）人和物whose关系代词在从句中作宾语时可以省去指人who （作主语）whom （做宾语）指物which人和物的whose关系代词一般不可省修饰从句只修饰一个名词或代词可以修饰一个名词或代词也可修饰整个 主句翻译定语从句译在被修饰词的前面定语从句通常被译成另一个独立的句子关系词的分类关系代词：在从句中做 主、宾、表、定(that/which/who/whom/whose/as) 关系副词：在从句中作状语(When/where/why)关系代词的一般用法关系 代词先行词在从句中 成分例句备注Who人主、宾This is the doctor who saved the boy's life.Whom, which, that, who在从句中作兵 语时可省略；但介词 提前时不能省略,也 不能用that和whoWhom人宾She is the new student whom I want to introduce to you.That人，物主、宾rd like to see the films that are just on show.Which物主宾表Please pass me the book which is lying on the table.As人、物主宾表This is the same book as I lost yesterday.Whose人、物定The bike whose brake was damaged has now been repaired.定语从句中的注意事项1)只能用which,不能用that的情况在介词后只用which,不能用that。This is the bank in which the robbery happened.先行词本身是that时，只能用which,不能用thatoThe clock is that which tells the time.在非限制定语从句中，只用which,不用thato2)只用that不用which的情况先行词是序数词、形容词最高级或者被序数词、形容词最高级修饰时只能用that。This is the most beautiful mountain that I have seen.这是我所见过的最美丽的山。先行词前有 the only, the very, the last, few, little, no,等修饰词时只能用 thatoThis is the onlv book that I like.这是我唯一喜欢的一本书。先行词是 everything, something, anything, all, none, much, many,等不定代词时，只能用 thatoFinally, the thief handed in everything that he had stolen.最后小偷交出了他所偷的东西。先行词同时含有“人”和“物”的名词时，只能用thatoI can remember thethat I saw in the room.我能记得我在房间里看到的人和一些图画。当先行词在主句中作表语，而关系代词也在从句中作表语，只能用that。My hometown is no longer the Dlace that it used to be.我的家乡已经不是过去那样了。在以which或who引导的疑问句后，只能用that。Which is the bike that you lost?哪辆是你丢的自行车？有两个定语从句时，如果一个从句用which引导，则另一个从句用that引导They built up a factory which produced things that had never been seen before.主语是there be句型，且关系词在从句中作主语时，如果先行词指物，用that不用which,如果先行词指人，常 用who引导定语从句。There is a room in the building that is still free.3） “介词+关系代词”的用法有时定语从句中的介词可以提到关系代词前面，形成“介词+关系代词”结构，该结构中的关系代词可用Which, whose, Who不可以用that和whoo该结构中的介词可以根据定语从句中谓语的搭配、与先行词的搭配或者句子的意义来 确定。e.g. This is the house of which I spoke.（根据动词 speak 的搭配而定）This is the camera with which he often takes photos.（根据先行词的搭配而定）This is the pilot by whom my son was saved.（根据句子的意义来确舁1）注：有些“动词+介词”短语，如look for, look after, call on等不可拆开，不可把介词放在关系代词之前。He is the old man who/whom we looked after last year.That is the book which I am looking for.4）定语从句中主谓一致的问题当关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，定语从句中的谓语动词要与先行词的人称和数保持一致（我们要知道，关系代 词所代指的就是先行词，这里有一个等量关系）。 当先行词是oneof+复数名词，定语从句的谓语动词要用复数形式The Great Wall is one of the world-famous buildings that draw lots of visitor every year 当先行词是the only + one of +复数名词，从句谓语用单数形式The Great Wall is the only one of the buildings on the earth that is seen from the moon.先行词如果是整个句子，定语从句的谓语动词用单数Great changes have taken place in China, as is known to all.He has passed the driving test, which surprises all of us.5）as, which引导非限定性定语从句的差别关系代词as和which都可用来引导非限制性定语从句，都可用来指代主句或主句中的名词或短语，一般可互换， 但用法有以下区别：as引导的定语从句可置于句首、句中、句末，而which不可。在从句中作主语时，which可作连系动词be和实义动词的主语；而as只可作连系动词be的主语。He married her, which/as was natural.他和她结婚了，这是很自然的事。He saw the girl, which delighted him.他见到那个女孩，这使他很高兴。非限定性定语从句中出现expect, think, suppose等表示猜测、想象、预料等时。She succeeded in her doing the research work, as we expected.当指代先行词的关系代词在定语从句中作主语且从句为被动语态时，常用as引导。常用结构有：as is well-known/known to allas is expected/reported/announcedas has been said before6） way和time后接定语从句的用法。当先行词是way（方式、方法）时，如果先行词way后面的定语从句中缺少主语、宾语、表语，则引导词用that/which/不填。thatThe way which he explained to us was quite simple.不填他向我们解释的那种方法很简单。如果先行词way后面的定语从句缺少（方式）状语，则弓|导词用that/m which/不填。thatThe way 出 whichexplained the sentences to us was not difficult to understand.|不填他向我们解释句子的加种方法不难理解。当先行词是time时（时期、次数）时，如果time表示“次数二应用关系代词that引导定语从句，that可省略。It is the first time （次数）that Mr. Smith has visited China.这是史密斯先生第一次到中国游览。如果time表示“时期，一段时间”,应用关系副词when或at/during + which引导定语从句。 There was a time （时期） when/durinc which there were no radios, no telephones and TV sets. 曾经有一个没有收音机，没有电话，也没有电视的时期。关系副词的一般用法关系副词先行词从句中的成分例句备注when时间时间状语We'll never forget the day when the People's Republic of China was founded.when=on/in/at/during 等介词 +whichwhere地点地点状语This is the room where he put up for the night.where=in/at/on/unde等介词 + whichwhy原因原因状语I know the reason why she studies so well.why=for which注：高考试题中对于where的考查趋于复杂，从先行词为“明显的地点”转化“模糊化的地点”。事实上，对于 where这个词，考生不能只理解为表地点，当先行词表示某人/物的situation或某事所发展的stage和point,或表达 某事的某个方面时都可用where这个关系副词。常见的抽象名词作先行词的有：point,position, situation, stage, state, case, scene 等。He said if we ever got to the point where we needed to use life jackets, he would have already died of terror.句。