2021届全国新高考英语冲刺复习 词汇、习惯用语和固定搭配.pdf

目录必修一.3Unitl Friendship.3Unit 2 English around the world.5Unit 3 Travel journal.8Unit 4 Earthquake.8unit 5 Nelson Mandela-a modernhero.9必修二.5Unitl Cultural relics.5unit 2 The Olympic Games.8Unit 3 Computer.9unit 4 Wildlife protection.10Unit5 Music.10必修三.14Unit 1 Festival around the worldl4Unit 2 Healthy eating.14Unit 3 The Million Pound BankNote.15Unit 4 Astronomy:the science ofthe srars.16Unit 5 Canada-/zThe True North”必修四.18Unitl Women of achievement.18Unit2 Working the land.18Unit3 A taste of English of humour.19Unit 4 Body language.19Unit5 Theme parks.20必修五.21Unit 1 Great scientists.21Unit2 The United Kingdom.22Unit 3 life in the future.22Unit4 Making the news.25Unit 5 First Aid.27选修六.30Unit 1 Art.30Unit 2 Poems.33Unit 3A healthy life.33Unit 4 Global warming.34Unit 5 The power of nature.35选修七.38Unitl Living well.38Unit 2 Robots.38Unit 3Under the sea.39Unit 4 Sharing.40Unit 5 Travelling abroad.41选修八.43Unit 1A land of diversity.43Unit 2 Cloning.44Unit 3 Inventors and inventions.44Unit 4 Pygmalion.45Unit 5 Meeting your ancestor.46习惯用语和固定搭配(360).48A.48B.48C.48D.48E.49F.49G.49H.49I.50J.50K.50L.50M.50N.50O.50P.51R.51S.51T.51U.52W.52II高中英语单词必修一必修一Unitl Friendship survey/savei/n.调ff：测 验v t.检查：鉴定：测量（土地）：勘察；鉴定The reporter is making a survey of public attitudes.那位记者正在进行民意调查。According to the surveyjess realistic dreams are alsocommon among students,but many of them said thatthey were willing to work hard to achieve their dreams.根据这项调查，不切实际的梦想在学生中也是常见的，但很多学生说他们愿意为实现梦想而努力工作。They srarted surveying the cosat.他们开始测量海岸线。add u p合计【延伸记忆】add/aed/vt.加，加入;增加，添加:补充说，接着说add u p to总计共达：总之就是，意味着add t o增加；增添add.to把 加到These figures add up to sixty.这些数字总计 60。The news added to hishappiness.这个消息增添了他的快乐。Will you add more sugar to your coffee.你的咖啡要多加些糖吗？I dont believe it,“he added.他补充说：“我不相信Jupset/Apset/adj.心烦意乱的；不安的；不适的vt.&v/.JTS,弄翻；打乱，扰乱：使苦恼，使心烦；使不适。.翻倒，扰乱，不安，不适The drunken man upset the vase.那醉汉打翻了花瓶。She upset our plan.她打乱了我们的计划。He upset the cup.他打翻了 杯子。He had an upset stomach.他肚子不舒服 0He was upset at not being welcomed.他因不受人欢迎而生气。ignore/igm:/vt.不理睬；忽视He ignored my advice.他忽视我的建议。【延伸记忆】ignorant ad j.无知的；不学无术的没受过教育的：不晓得ignorance n.无知；不学无术：Iwasignorant of the fact that the boss could be so strict.我不不晓得老板居然那也严格。Ignorance is匕 底5.无知便是福。calm/ka:m/vt.&W.（使）平静；（使）镇定Q内平静的；镇静的：沉着的：（天气）无风的They did what they could to calm her.他们尽力使她平静下来。The sea was very calm.海面很平静。a calm day/afternoon（无风的）平静的日子、下午calm（.）down（使）镇静下来；（使）平静下来【辨析】表 示“静”的英语单词：calm adj.指人平静沉着；指天气或海无风浪quiet安静的;指没有声音，不吵闹silent寂静的；沉默的,指不说话或没有声音和quiet相近still静止的；不动的peaceful安静的;宇静的（与quiet相近）爱好和平的I want to live a place more peaceful than here.我想住在一个比这里更安静的地方。It was a silent（quiet）,moonless night.Please be quiet.请安静下来。那是个寂静、没有月亮的夜晚.How can you be silent on this important problem.对于这么重要的问题你怎么能保持沉默。have got to 不得不；必须，可与have to 互换【辨析】have got t o与m ust表“必须”区别:must表示主观的义务和必要,主要用于肯定句和疑问句，由must引起的疑问句，肯定回答要用must或have to,否定回答要用neednt或dont have to,意思是“不必”：have t。表示一种客观的需要,否定形式是dont have to,相当于 neednt。We must find a good method to learn computerw ell.我们必须找一个学好电脑的方法。-Must I finish the task right now?我现在必须完成这个工作吗？Yes,you must./Yes,you have to.的，你必须。（No,you neednt./No,you dont have to.不，不必。Mother is out,so I have to look after the shop.妈妈不在家，因此我不得不照看商店。concern/kansa:n/v t.（使）担忧；涉及；关系到；n.担心；关注；（厉害）关系；关心的事I have no concern with the company.我和该公司没有任何关系。She showed a great deal of concern about/for her sonsillness.她非常担心儿子的病情。【固定搭配】be concerned about 关心：观念as concerns 介 关于 相当于 concerningas far as sb/sth be concerned 就.而 言be concerned in/with sth.与某物有牵连show/express concern about/for”对 表示关心、担心”。have a concern in/with.与 有利害关系To whom it may concern 敬启者As far as I am concerned,I cannot object to yourmarriage.就我而言，我不反对你们的婚姻。【同根词】concerned adj.意为“有关的；担心的Concerning his proposal,there are pros and cons.关于他的提案，有赞成和反对两种意见。walk the dog 遛狗loose/心/。或松的;松开的;宽松的，不牢固的She is wearing a loose dress.她穿着件宽松的连衣裙。3高中英语单词必修一vt.释放,失去控制vet/vet/n.兽医I took my dog to the vet.我把狗带到兽医诊所看病。go through经历；经受；穿过；通过；用完；用掉；看完：完成；做完Weve gone through all those envelopes I bought lastw eek.我们用完了我上周买的所有的信封。How long will it take to go through the book?读完这本书要多少时间？The river goes through the city.这条河流穿过这个城市。_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _【延伸记忆】有关g。的短语：go ahead走在前面，领先：干吧，干卜去go aw ay走开，离去go b y 是过；经过；过去gofishing/shopping/skating（去）钓鱼/买东西/滑冰go fo r主张go for a walk 散步go in fo r 参加，喜欢go o ff走开go o n 继续go on doing.继续干某事，不停地F某事go on with 继续go o u t出去，熄灭go o ver仔细检查，复习go through浏览；翻阅，通过Amsterdam/aemstadaem/c.阿姆斯特丹（荷兰首都）Netherland/nedalandz/n.AJewish/d3u：ij7 犹太人的：犹太族的German/djarman/adj.德国的：德国人/语的:德 国 文 化 的 n.德国人；德语Germany 德国 Nazna:tsi/n.纳粹党人adj.纳粹党的set dow n记卜,：放下;登记：使着陆；使下 车:把.归 因 于（to）I set down everything that happened then.我记下了那时发生的切。Please set me down at the next corner.请在下一个转角让我下车。_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _【延伸记忆】有关set的短语set aside保 留;储 蓄（时间、金钱等）；把置 于 边；忽 视（感受）不顾set back使.延 迟；阻碍;拨回：拨 慢（钟表）set fo rth出发；启程;详细说明set forward把.弄到前面；拨 快（钟表）set fre e 释放，解放seto ff动身，起程；使 爆 发 燃 放（烟花）；使（机器、装置）起动；set o u t出发;开始;着手做（to do sth.）set u p 搭建；装配：建立；设立；创 设（组织、公司引起：使 寝 series/siari:z/n.连续；系列；连续的同类事物a series of 连串的；-系列；一 套The post office will issue a series of new stamps.邮局将要发行一套新邮票。outdoors/autd3：z/adv.在户外;在野外Children like to play outdoors.接 子们喜欢在户外玩耍。【反义词】indoors在室内，往室内spellbind/spel.baind/vt.(spellbound;spellbound)迷住;迷惑：使入迷on purpose 故意【立义词】deliberately故意地；蓄意地in order to _【延伸记忆】表 示“为了”的短语还有：so as to;in order that=so thatWe left early so that（in order that）we could catch thefirst train.=We left early in order to catch the first train.注意：so as t o 不用于句首They made a lot of lively programs so as to attract morechildren.为了吸引更多的孩子，他们制作了很多生动活泼的节目。dusk/dA sk/n.黄昏，傍晚at d usk在黄昏时刻The street lights come on at dusk and go off at dawn.路灯在黄昏时开，拂晓时关。thunder/0Ands/v/.tTM：雷鸣 c.雷;雷声It is thundering.正在打雷。entire/intaia/adj.整个的；完全的：全部的entirely/entai3li:/adv.完全地：全然地：整个地【延伸记忆】发 示“全部的”词还行：whole比 entire更普通，强调每个组成部分都包括在内，无一漏掉或舍去。adv.w holly完全地，全部地complete强调事物在内容、程度、或数量方面已完整，已达标准。pletely完整地，完全地total与 complete用法相近，但强调总量。adv.totally整个地，全部地all有时可与whole,entire和 total换用。power/paua/m权力：势力：影响力；能力；天赋：体力；功力；动力；功率：强国；有影响力的人The new government will come into power next month.新政府将在下月开始执政。China is now among the great economic powers in thew orld.中国现为世界经济大国之一【固定短语】come to/into power掌握政权，上台执政in pow er当权的/地：握有政权的/地in ones pow er在某人的控制下beyond out ofjone pow er某人力所不及的；不能胜任的【延伸记忆】表 示“力”的词：energy。.精力，活力（不可数）；能，能量（不可数He is always full of energy.他精力充沛）atomic energy 原子能strength n.力气：体力 The boy liftef the stone with allhis strength/might.那个男孩用全力举起那块石头power n.用法最广，权力；势力；影响力；能力；天赋：体力：功力；动力；功率force 力量；武力：暴 力 by force凭 暴 力 the（police）force警 力 forces军队might九势力：影 响 力;力 气 Might is right.谚语 强权就是公理/力量即正义。face to face而对面地curtain/k3：tn/.窗帘；门帘；幕布：帷幕dusty/dASti/o/布满灰尘的；灰尘弥漫的；土灰色的；4高中英语单词必修一 近义词】adolescent/.aedsulesnt/青少年dust/dASt/n灰尘；尘土；尘埃：遗骸no longer/not.any longer 不再 She knows that she is no longer young.她知道自己不再年轻。We dont live here any more longer./We no longerlive here.我们不住在这里partner/pa:tna/伙伴：合作者；合伙人s e t t le/s e t l/v i安家；定居;停留；使定居；安排;解决；决定They got married and settled in London.他们结了婚并定居在在伦敦。The problem has not been settled yet.那个问题至今尚未解决。He settled to buy a car.他决定买车。settle d o w n平静下来；使安静下来；使稳定；使某人坐下；定居suffer/sAfe/vt.&v i.遭受；忍受：经历The city suffered serious damage from the earthquake.那个城市因地震而遭到严重破坏。The injured man was still suffering.那位伤者还在受着折磨。He could not suffer criticism.他不能忍受别人批评他。suffer fro m遭受：患病You must have suffered from a cold.你一定是感冒了 loneliness/hunlims/n.孤独：寂真lonely/launli/G.孤独 的;寂寞的；荒凉的;人迹罕至的The lonely old man was much to be pitied by all of us.那位孤独的老人得到了我们大家的同情。highway/haiwei/m公路；大路recover/rikAva/vi.&v t.痊愈：恢 复;重新获得He is very ill and unlikely to recover.他病得很重，不大可能恢复健康了。They havent recovered from the shock.他们还未从那次打击中恢复过来。ick u p好转；恢复He has picked up slowly since he came out of hospital.他自出院以来，身体恢复得很慢。restore修复：重建：使恢复【同根词】recoverv/ri,kAvari/n.重获；复得；恢复健康；熨原get/be tired of 对 厌烦I got tired of fried eggs.我吃腻了 煎蛋。【延伸记忆】be tired with/from 因.而疲倦am very tired from studying all day.学:了一天习，我感觉很疲倦。插pack（sth）u p将（东西）装箱打包【反义词】unpack/Anpaek/拆包；拆解：拆开|图示】packet小纸Q：一包由T*l/pack/package 包；包裹；一包backpack 背包suitcase 手提箱；衣箱_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _【联想记忆】suit 一套衣服；套装+case箱子=suitcaseovercoat/auvaka/n.大衣；夕 卜 套teenager/ti:neid33/n.十几岁的青少年get along w ith与 相处;进展 gossip/gosip/vi.&n.闲话；闲谈【延伸记忆】g e t短语总结：get along with 与.相处get away 逃；离get back返回；回来；回家get close（to）接近get down 降下get down t o开始认真（做某事）get in进入，收获，达到get o ff脱 下（衣服等）：下车get o n上车；过活get on with s b.与.相处get through通过，拨 通（电话）get together聚会，联欢g e tu p起床fall in love with 爱上exactly/igzaektli:/adv.精确地：准确地;确切地;正是【延伸记忆】fa ll短语总结fall asleep 入睡fall behind落在后面fall dow n从落下;倒塌；失败fall fo r对 倾心；迷恋fall in to变 为（状态）；养 成（习惯）;属 于（某类）fall o f f从 上掉下来;降低；卜 降fall o n攻击：（责任）落在某人身上；（光线）照在.病倒disagree/,disagri:/vt.不同意；不 致grateful/greitful/a d j.感激的；表示谢意的dislike/dislaik/vt.不喜欢：厌恶join i n参加；加入tip/tip/n.提小；技巧；尖；尖端；小费此倾斜；翻到 secondly/sekandli:/adiz.第二：其次swap/sw op/.&vi 交换n.交换.1 liked her coat and she liked mine,so we swapped.我喜欢她的外套，她喜欢我的，于是我们就交换了。I will swap you my bicycle for your radio.我想拿我的自行车换你的收音机。This comic was a swap that I got from Nick.这本漫画书是我从尼克那里换item/aitam/项目：条款 subway/sAbwei/.地下人行道：美 地 铁Unit 2 English around the worldelevator/eliveita/n.电梯;升降机【延伸记忆】petrol/petral/英汽油(=美 gasoline)近义词】liftgas/gaes.汽油；气体；煤气；毒气gas station 加气站 natural gas 天然气5高中英语单词必修一【延伸记忆】come有关短语：come about发生，产生come across（偶然）遇见；发现come after盛 之后：接 而来come and g o 来来去去；变化不定come back回来：忆起；重新流行；还嘴（at sb）come before位于 之前;优先于come between介于 之间；离间come b y 走过；经 过（顺便）造访veage/v3iid3/n.航行；航海；航天Zhenghe made his first voyage to the West in 1405.1405年，郑和第一次下西洋。conquer/k3r）ka/vt.征服：占领When will scientists conquer cancer?科学家什么时候能征服癌症呢？because o f 因为：由 于（应用最广，也更口语化）【延伸记忆】表示“由于”的短语还有：owing to可做状语和表语，做状语时一般要在该状语后面加上逗号。Owing to the shower,the baseball game was interrupted.由于骤雨，这场棒球比赛中止。due to 般不置于句首，可做状语、表语和定语。Your failure is due to carelessness.你的失败是由于粗心。thanks t o 除了表示“由于”外，主要用于引出好的原因，译为“幸 亏”It was thanks to my English teacher/s advice that Iimproved my Englsih.多亏英语老师的忠告我的英语得以提高。on account o f可作状语、表语，His weakness was on account of lack of exercise.他虚弱是由于缺乏锻炼。as a result of由于的结果He was late as a result of the traffic jam.由于交通堵塞，他迟到了。注：这些短语意义上区别不大，后接名词或短语，如里 己 I 弓 雨巾、心：兀七 1 filtl毋 E I_ _ _ 【施伸出伍】Danmark/daenma:k/.丹 麦（北 区因为病得厉害她今天没有上学。Since we are young,we shouldnt be too afraid of failure因为我们还年轻,我们不能太害怕失败。As he is a qualified teachecl take his advice on themethods of study.因为他是一位有资质的教师，所以在学习方法上我听取他的建议。I caught a cold,for I had been walking around in the rain.我感冒了，因为我在雨中走了一阵子native/neitiv/M/.本国的；本地的；原产的；特有的。.本地人；本国人native Chinese humour中国人特有的幽默a variety of fruits native to Kashi.喀什特有的各种各样的水果Is he a native,or just a visitor?他是本地人还是外来人?_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Amy/5m i/艾米（女:名；涵义:最心爱的人）come u p 走症 上来；提出apartment/-：1：013111/?.美 公寓住宅：单元住宅actually/asktfu:ali:/adj.实际上；事实上A D 公元base/beis/vt.以为根据：把建立在n.基部；基地；基础America maintains military bases abroad.那个国家在国外设有军事基地。an air base空军基地You shouldnt base your conclusion on/upon yoursubjective judgement _come down降下；下来；（物价）跌落come from 出 生（于），来自come in 进入，进来come o ff从 离开，脱落come o n 来吧；赶快；进行；发展；（演员）出场comeo u t出来；露 出；（花）开；发（芽）；（书）出版，发行；结果是come t o 共计；达 到：苏醒when it comes to sth 当谈到come true变为现实：成为事实come up t o 走到.跟前：走近come up w ith追上，赶上；想 出（主意）；找 出（答案）How com e?为什么？怎么会（那样）（美口语）你不应以自己的主观判断为基础，而卜结论This film is based on a facts.这部电影是有事实根据的。【延伸记忆】actual/k tJS I/时.实在的，实际的，事实上的atpresent现在；目前graduagraedjual/aa/.逐渐的；逐步的a gradual increase in population 人 口 的渐增gradually/graedjuali/adv.逐步地,渐渐地His health is gradually improving.他的健康渐有起色。Danish/deinij7 n.丹麦语a你丹麦的司家）enrich/inritj7Vt.使富裕；充实；改善Fertilizer enriches the soil.肥料使土壤肥沃。固定短语】base sth on/upon sth 把 .建立在 基础上 I 常用被动形式be based on/upon以.为基础。vocabulary/vakaebjulsri/n.词汇；词汇量；词表【延伸记忆】present用法小结:礼 物（gift）赠品：现在：目前；for the moment adv.目前：现在adj.出席的：到场的（做后置定语）【反义词】absent目前的；现在的；当前的（做前置定语）All the girls present turned to him.在场的所有女孩都转向他.Immediate measures must be taken about the presentsituation.对于目前状况需立即采取措施。vt.赠送：呈现：呈递；陈述：表达：介绍；表露present sb with sth.或 present sth.to sb.把某物赠给某人。This book covers the basic vocabulary that a studentmust master.这本书里包含了学生必须掌握的基本词汇。6高中英语单词必修一 Shakespeare/feikspis/莎士比亚（1564-1 6 1 6,英国诗人、剧作家）make use o f 利用；使用【延伸记忆】make good/full use of/make the best/most of 充分利用 put/bring.to use 利用;使用come into u se 开始使用go/fall out use o f 不再被使用;弃而不用spelling/speM/n.拼写；拼法The spelling of the word is wrong.这个词的拼写是错误的。_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _r延伸记忆】$pell/spel/vt.&vi.拼写，拼读How do you spell this w ord?这个词怎么拼？Samuel Johnson/saemjusl dDnsn/塞缪尔约翰逊 Noah Webster/naua websta/诺厄韦伯斯特（1758-1843,美国词典编辑家）latter/latter/M/.较后的：后半的；（两者中）后者的the latter half of the year 卜半年Which one do you like,the former or the latter前者和后者，你喜欢哪一个？identity/aidentiti/n.本身：本 体;身 份;致：相同The identity of those two thieves was beyond question.亳无疑问，那两名盗贼就是同一人。The spy disclosed his identity at the police station.那个情报员在警察局表明了自己的身份。【同根词】identical adj.完全相同的，一致的identification n.身份证：确认身份；鉴定identifyvt.辨别;确认；把 视为同一个；认 同（with）fluent/fluent/adj.流利的；流畅的He is fluent in German.他的德语很流利。fluently/fluianth/adv.流利的；流畅地Singapore/,sir）gap3：/m新 力 口 坡 东南亚国家）Ma g y sia/maleizia/n.马来西亚such a s 例如.：像这种的frequent/fri:kw9nt/ac（/.频繁的：常见的He made frequent visit to the city library.他经常去市图书馆【延伸记忆】frequent v t,常去，时常出入于He used to frequent tha gallery.他过去经常到那家美术馆。【同根词】frequency 屡次；频繁；频率The frequency of traffic accidents is higher during theholiday period.假期里，车祸的发生率较高。frequently/fri:k wantli/adv.At one time we met frequently.过去我们曾常常见面。usage/ju:zid3/m使用：用法；词语惯用法【延伸记忆】African.非洲人;非洲居民【同根词】Africa/aefrika/n.非洲American/British usage 美国/英国用法command/kSm om d/.展 vt.命令；指令；掌握The teacher commanded him to finish his homework atonce.=The teacher commanded that he（should）finishhim homework at once.老师命令他立刻完成作业。The judge commanded sNence.法官命令大家安静。He commanded a great sum of money.他掌握巨款。Who issued the command?谁下的这个命令？the command of the air/sea 制空/海权【归纳总结】under one,s command由某人指挥/控制at ones com m and随心所欲的；德自由使用的command sth/sb命令某物/某人command sb to do sth命令某人做某事command that+sb+(should)+do ：command后面并与灰句中谓语动词用should+doshould可省略【同根词】commandant司令官；指挥官commder指挥官；司令官：(海军)中校commanding指挥的：威望地；居高临卜的request/ikwest/n.及“请求；要求We should have made a request for help.我们本应该请求支援的。Workers requested a raise in the wage.工人们要求提高工资。She requested that they should come an hour earlier.她要求他们要早来一个小时。It is requested that he should leave before seven oclock.请求他7 点前离开。May I request you to stop talking.能不能请你不要再讲了？【归纳总结】Make a request for sth 请求；要求某物at sbs request=at the request of sb 应某人之请求/要求request sb to do s th 要求/请求某人做某事request that sb should+d o 要求/请求.后接宾语从句request sth from sb 向某人请求EEI：request后的并与从句中谓语动词用should+d。should可省略 dialect/daialekt/c.方言Can you understand Sichuang dialect.?你能听懂四川方言吗？expression/iksprefsn/n.词 语:表 示：表达the free expression of ones views 自由的表达自己想法wear a delighted/sad expression 带着愉快/悲伤的表情Her expression showed that she was angry.她的表情显示她很生气。【延伸记忆】beyond expression无法形容地/的；无法表达地/的【同根词】express v t.表达：表现出：用快件寄出She expressedherthanks to u s.她向我们致谢。I cannot express howencouraging your words w a s.我无法用言语表达,你的话多么令人鼓舞。expressoneself/onesfeelings 表达自己的想法/意思/感情expre