牛津译林七年级语法总结外语学习语法 外语学习语法 .pdf
学习必备 欢迎下载 7A 语法总结 一、一般现在时 第一，动词 be 的三变化 am is are.我（I）用 am,你（you）用 are,is 用于他(he)她(she)它(it)，单数名词用 is,复数名词都用 are 句型结构：1、肯定句：主语+amisare It is a football.2、否定句：主语+amisare+not It is not a football.3、一般疑问句：AmIsAre+主语+其他？Is it a football?回答 Yes,it is.No,it isnt 4、特殊疑问句：疑问句+am/is/are+主语+其他？Whats your name?用 be 动词的适当形式填空 1、She _ my cousin.Her name _ Li Jie.2、Tom and I _ good friends 3、What _ this in English？It _ a book 4、_ you Jack?Yes,I _ 5、What _ those?They _ his notebooks.第二，行为动词的一般现在时 行为动词的一般现在时的构成：主语+行为动词+（其他）当主语为第三人称单数（he,she,it）时，谓语动词也要用单数形式。用好一般现在时，时间状态需牢记;主语人称是三单，动词要把-s/-es 添；基本用法要记清，状态习惯经常性。行为动词的一般现在时的变化 1.否定句：主语+dont/doesnt+动词原形+其他 I dont like bread.He doesnt often play football.2.一般疑问句：Do/Does+主语+动词原形+其他 Do you often play football?Yes,I am/No,I am not Does he often play football?Yes,he does/No,he doesnt 3、特殊疑问句：特殊疑问句+一般疑问句？When do you go to school?I go to school at seven oclock.动词的三单形式的变化：动词三单现在时，一般在词尾加 S S,x,ch,sh,在词尾，直接加上-es 词尾若是字母 o,加上-es 不用愁。词尾是“辅音字母+y”,先变 y 为 i,后边再加-es 巩固练习：用动词的适当形式填空 1.I like _(swim).2.He _(read)English every day.3.We _(go)to school at seven in the morning.4.Mike_(go)to school at seven in the morning.5.My mother_(like)_(go)shopping.6.I can _(draw)many beautiful pictures.7.She_(make)a model plane.8.Do you _(like)_(run)?学习必备 欢迎下载 9.Does he_(like)_(jump)?10.Does Nancy_(grow)flowers on Saturday?11.The teachers_(like)_(dance).12.The teacher_(like)_(dance).13.The students_(speak)English in class.14.The student_(speak)Chinese after class.15.Lets_and play football.(go)二、人称代词 人称代词主格：作主语，表示谁怎么样了、干什么了。I am a teacher.You are student.He is a student,too.We/You/They are students.人称代词宾格作宾语，表示动作行为的对象。Give it to me.Lets go(lets=let us)人称 单数 复数 主格 宾格 主格 宾格 第一人称 I me we us 第二人称 you you you you 第三人称 he him they them she her it it 三、物主代词 表示所有关系的代词叫做物主代词，也可叫做代词所有格。物主代词分形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词二种，其人称和数的变化见下表。数 人称 类别 单数 复数 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称 形容词性物主代词 my your his her its our your their 名词性物主代词 mine yours his hers its ours yours theirs 构肯定句主语学习必备欢迎下载二人称代词人称代词主格作主语表示谁怎么样了干什么了人称代词宾格作宾语表示动作行为的对象人称单数主格第一人称第二人称第三人称三物主代词宾格复数主格宾格表示所有关系的代词叫做物主数人称类别第一人称第二人称第三人称第一人称第二人称第三人称形容词性物主代词名词性物主代词我汉语的你的他的她的它的我们的你们的他她它们的学习必备欢迎下载形容词性物主代词名词而名词性物主代词则相当于形容词性一天日期星期和具体的节日用在时刻前还有正午午夜和表示一段时间的节日巩固练习学习必备欢迎下载五频度副词从频率最大到频率最小依次为对频率副词提问要用巩固练习学习必备欢迎下载六特殊疑问句语法特殊疑问句定义特殊学习必备 欢迎下载 汉语 我的 你的 他的 她的 它的 我们的 你们的 他（她、它）们的 形容词性物主代词(my/your/his/her/its/our/their)+名词 而名词性物主代词则相当于形容词性物主代词+名词,故其后不必加名词。如：Is this your book?No,，it isnt，its hers(her book)This pen is mine.巩固练习：1._ is my aunt.We often visit _.(she)2.China is a developing country._is in the east of Asia.(its)3.What day is _ today?_ is Thursday.(its)4.We are going to Paris to stay with a French friend of _.(we)5.I own a blue bike.The red one isnt _ _.(I)6.These new houses are so nice._ are very expensive.(them)7.The fishermen caught a lot of fish,didnt _?(them)8.Ling Ling is a girl._ studies in a primary school._ brother lives with_ and helps _ with_ lessons.(she)9.Mike is my classmate._ is good at English.(his)10.Kate wants a glass of milk.Will you pass it to _?(she)11.Whats the weather like today?_ is cloudy.(its)12.I ate all _ sandwiches yesterday.(I)Can I have one of _?(you)13.George has lost _(his)pen.Ask Mary if(是否)she will lend him _.(she)14.Jack has a dog and so have I._(he)dog and _(I)had a fight(打架).15.The teacher wants you to return that book of _(he)四，介词 in 一般在“上午”“下午”“晚上”，还有时间段，年、月、季节；On 指特定的某一天，日期，星期和具体的节日 At 用在时刻前，还有正午，午夜和表示一段时间的节日 巩固练习：1.Children get gifts _ Christmas and _ their birthdays.A.on;on B.at;on C.in;in D.in;on 2.-There is nothing _tomorrow afternoon,is there?-No.We can have a game of table tennis.A.on B.in C.out D.up 构肯定句主语学习必备欢迎下载二人称代词人称代词主格作主语表示谁怎么样了干什么了人称代词宾格作宾语表示动作行为的对象人称单数主格第一人称第二人称第三人称三物主代词宾格复数主格宾格表示所有关系的代词叫做物主数人称类别第一人称第二人称第三人称第一人称第二人称第三人称形容词性物主代词名词性物主代词我汉语的你的他的她的它的我们的你们的他她它们的学习必备欢迎下载形容词性物主代词名词而名词性物主代词则相当于形容词性一天日期星期和具体的节日用在时刻前还有正午午夜和表示一段时间的节日巩固练习学习必备欢迎下载五频度副词从频率最大到频率最小依次为对频率副词提问要用巩固练习学习必备欢迎下载六特殊疑问句语法特殊疑问句定义特殊学习必备 欢迎下载 3.A lot of students in our school were born_March,1981.A.in B.at C.on D.since 4.He suddenly returned_ a rainy night.A.on B.at C.in D.during 5.My grandfather was born_Oct.10,1935.A.on B.in C.at D.of 6.The train is starting_five minutes.A.in B.at C.for D.still 7.Mike does his exercises _ seven _ the evening.A.on;to B.at;in C.by;of D.at;on 8.Children wake up very early_the morning of Christmas Day.A.in B.on C.for D.at 9._ a cold winter morning,I met her in the street.A.In B.On C.At D.For 10.It happened to be very cold_ the morning of our sports meeting.A.at B.on C.with D.of 11.Why did you get up so early _ this morning.A.on B./C.at D.in 12.He went to Shanghai_ September 3rd,1991 and came back_ a cold morning last year.A.in;on B.on;in C.on;on D.in;in 13.Lucy was born_ the night of May 12,1984.A.on B.in C.at D.to 14.Mrs.Brown came to China _ 1996 A.on B.of C.to,D.in 15 _ the morning of November 20,1915,the workers came to Chicago to show their mourning of Joe Hill.A.On B.In C.On D.At 五、频度副词 从频率最大到频率最小依次为：always,usually,often,sometimes,seldom,never.对频率副词提问要用 how often 巩固练习：1.-Does Alice often work until 2 a.m.?-No,she _ does.A.nearly B.certainly C.seldom D.always 2.I didnt know you take a bus to school.-Oh,I _ take a bus,but it is snowing today.A.hardly B.never C.sometimes D.usually 3.-Were you often late for school last term,Tom?-No,_.I got to school early every day.A.Always B.Usually C.Sometimes D.Never 4.How often do you go to a concert?-_ ever.Im not interested in that at all.A.Usually B.Hardly C.Almost 5.-John sings so well.Has he ever been trained?-No.He learns all by himself.He _ goes to any training class.A.usually B.often C.never D.even 6.Miss Gao is very popular with her students.-Yes.Her classes are _ lively and interesting.构肯定句主语学习必备欢迎下载二人称代词人称代词主格作主语表示谁怎么样了干什么了人称代词宾格作宾语表示动作行为的对象人称单数主格第一人称第二人称第三人称三物主代词宾格复数主格宾格表示所有关系的代词叫做物主数人称类别第一人称第二人称第三人称第一人称第二人称第三人称形容词性物主代词名词性物主代词我汉语的你的他的她的它的我们的你们的他她它们的学习必备欢迎下载形容词性物主代词名词而名词性物主代词则相当于形容词性一天日期星期和具体的节日用在时刻前还有正午午夜和表示一段时间的节日巩固练习学习必备欢迎下载五频度副词从频率最大到频率最小依次为对频率副词提问要用巩固练习学习必备欢迎下载六特殊疑问句语法特殊疑问句定义特殊学习必备 欢迎下载 A.seldom B.never C.sometimes D.always 7.We are going to have a party _ next week.A.sometime B.some time C.sometimes D.some times 8.Sandy is so careful that she _ makes mistakes in her homework.A.usually B.seldom C.often D.Always 9.Please drive _ when you pass a school.OK.A.nearly B.early C.slowly D.really 10.Have you ever been to Disneyland?No,_.I hope I can go there next year.A.always B.sometimes C.never D.often 11.How often do the students play sports?A.Twice a day B.Since last night C.For two hours D.A month ago 12.I play basketball every day because I want to play as _ as Yao Ming.A.well B.better C.best 13.Mike hurt his back seriously and can_ get out of bed without help.A.quickly B.easily C.nearly D.hardly 14.Did you go to the cinema to see 3D Titanic last night?No,I go to the cinema.The tickets are too expensive.A.hardly B.nearly C.still D.Only 15.How often do you exercise?ever.Because I am very busy with my work.A.Hardly B.Nearly C.Always D.Almost 六、特殊疑问句 语法：特殊疑问句 定义：特殊疑问句是用来对句子的某一部分提问的疑问句，以疑问词开头 结构：特殊疑问句的基本结构 疑问词+be动词/助动词/情态动词+主语+谓语动词 特殊疑问词分类：疑问代词有：what（什么）,which（哪一个）,who（谁）,whose（谁的）疑问副词有：where（哪里）,when（什么时候）,why（为什么）,how（怎么样）疑问词还可以与某些单词搭配，构成疑问词短语，如：what time（什么时间）,what colour（什么颜色）,how many（多少）,how much（多少，多少钱）how long（多长）,how often（多久一次）,how old（几岁）,how tall（多高）巩固练习：1They bought a new bike yesterday._ 2She is my teacher._ 3It is my coat._ 4I get up at six._ 5I am from Hubei._ 6I went to school late because I got up late._ 7.They boy under the tree is Jack.构肯定句主语学习必备欢迎下载二人称代词人称代词主格作主语表示谁怎么样了干什么了人称代词宾格作宾语表示动作行为的对象人称单数主格第一人称第二人称第三人称三物主代词宾格复数主格宾格表示所有关系的代词叫做物主数人称类别第一人称第二人称第三人称第一人称第二人称第三人称形容词性物主代词名词性物主代词我汉语的你的他的她的它的我们的你们的他她它们的学习必备欢迎下载形容词性物主代词名词而名词性物主代词则相当于形容词性一天日期星期和具体的节日用在时刻前还有正午午夜和表示一段时间的节日巩固练习学习必备欢迎下载五频度副词从频率最大到频率最小依次为对频率副词提问要用巩固练习学习必备欢迎下载六特殊疑问句语法特殊疑问句定义特殊学习必备 欢迎下载 _ 8.The yellow cat is Sammy?_ 9.There are six boxes on the desk?_ 10.It is windy._ 11.There are six boxes on the desk?_ 12.My bag is red._ 13.The book is Li Huas._ 15.They are five yuan._ 八，冠词的用法 定冠词 a，an 的用法 元音因素前用“an”an hour 一个小时 a useful book 一本有用的书 巩固练习：1.I read _story.It is _interesting story.A.a,an B.a,a C.the,the D./,an 2.Britain is _ European country and China is _ Asian country.A.an,an B.a,a C.a,an D.an,a 3._China is _ old country with _ long history.A.The,an,a B.The,a,a C./,an,the D./,an,a 4._elephant is bigger than _ horse.A./,/B.an,a C.An,a D./,the 5.We always have _rice for _lunch.A./,/B.the,/C./,a D.the,the 6.It took me _ hour and _ half to finish _ work.A.a,a,a B.an,a,a C.an,a,the D.an,a,/7._ doctor told me to take _ medicine three times _day,stay in _bed,then I would be better soon.A./,a,a,the B.A,the,the,/C.The,the,a,/D.A,/,a,/8.There is _ picture on _ wall.I like _ picture very much.A.a,the,the B.a,the,a C.the,a,a D.a,an,the 9.January is _first month of the year.A.a B./C.an D.the 10.Shut _door,please.A.a B.an C.the D./11.Einstein won _ Nobel Prize in Physics in 1921.A.a B.an C.the D./12.What _ fine day it is today!Lets go to the Summer Palace.A.a B.an C.the D./13.I like music,but I dont like _ music of that TV play.A.a B.an C.the D./14._ girl over there is _ English teacher.构肯定句主语学习必备欢迎下载二人称代词人称代词主格作主语表示谁怎么样了干什么了人称代词宾格作宾语表示动作行为的对象人称单数主格第一人称第二人称第三人称三物主代词宾格复数主格宾格表示所有关系的代词叫做物主数人称类别第一人称第二人称第三人称第一人称第二人称第三人称形容词性物主代词名词性物主代词我汉语的你的他的她的它的我们的你们的他她它们的学习必备欢迎下载形容词性物主代词名词而名词性物主代词则相当于形容词性一天日期星期和具体的节日用在时刻前还有正午午夜和表示一段时间的节日巩固练习学习必备欢迎下载五频度副词从频率最大到频率最小依次为对频率副词提问要用巩固练习学习必备欢迎下载六特殊疑问句语法特殊疑问句定义特殊学习必备 欢迎下载 A.The,an B.A,/C.The,/D.A,a 15.Its _ exciting way to shop on the Net.A.a B.an C.the D./七，不定代词的运用 Some 用于肯定句 any 用于一般疑问句和否定句 巩固练习：用 some 和 any 填空.1.I have _good friends in my class.2.Is there _water in the bottle?3.Do you have _money?4.They dont have _time to go there.5.There are _cakes on the table.6.I dont have _milk for breakfast.7.Does he have _brothers or sisters?8.There arent _pictures on the wall.9.Can I ask _questions?10.Are there _flowers in you classroom?No,there arent _.11.We have _apples,but we dont have _pears.12.Is there _orange juice in the fridge?Yes,there is _.13.I can speak _English,but I cant speak _Russian.14.Do they have _color pencil?No,they dont have _.15.There isnt _meat at home.I must go and buy _.There is+可数名词单数/不可数名词 There are+可数名词复数形式 巩固练习：1.There _ any rice in the bowl.A.are B.Is C.isnt D.arent 2.There _ many apples on the tree last year.A.have been B.were C.are D.is 3.There _ a film tomorrow evening.A.will have B.have C.is going to be D.has 4.There is some milk in the bottle,_?A.isnt there B.arent there C.isnt it D.are there 5.how many boys _ there in the Class One?A.be B.is C.are D.am 6.There _ a lot of good news in todays newspaper.A.is B.are C.was D.were 7.There _ pencil-box,and some flowers on the desk.A.is a B.are some C.has a D.have some 8.There _ an apple and ten bananas in the basket.A.are B.is C.has D.have 9._ any flowers on both sides of the street?A.Is there B.Are there C.Has D.Have 10.There is little water n the glass,_?A.isnt there B.isnt it C.is it D.is there 11.What did you see in the basket then?There _ a bottle of orange and some oranges.A.is B.are C.was D.were 构肯定句主语学习必备欢迎下载二人称代词人称代词主格作主语表示谁怎么样了干什么了人称代词宾格作宾语表示动作行为的对象人称单数主格第一人称第二人称第三人称三物主代词宾格复数主格宾格表示所有关系的代词叫做物主数人称类别第一人称第二人称第三人称第一人称第二人称第三人称形容词性物主代词名词性物主代词我汉语的你的他的她的它的我们的你们的他她它们的学习必备欢迎下载形容词性物主代词名词而名词性物主代词则相当于形容词性一天日期星期和具体的节日用在时刻前还有正午午夜和表示一段时间的节日巩固练习学习必备欢迎下载五频度副词从频率最大到频率最小依次为对频率副词提问要用巩固练习学习必备欢迎下载六特殊疑问句语法特殊疑问句定义特殊学习必备 欢迎下载 12._ is there on the table?A.How many apples B.How much bread C.How much breads D.How many food.13.There _ something wrong with our classroom.A.are B.has C.is D.have 14.There is some _ on the table.A.apple B.orange C.cake D.sandwich 15.There is little water in the glass,_?A.isnt there B.isnt it C.is it D.is there 八、现在进行时 1.定 义：现在进行时表示正在发生或进行的动作。2.标志词：(1)时间状语 now、at the moment (2)句前有提示词 look、listen、look at 3.谓语动词的构成：be+动词-ing 4.动词-ing的构成规则 规 则 原 形-ing形式 一般在动词原形末尾加-ing wash catch watch washing catching watching 以不发音字母 e 结尾的动词，先去掉e,再加-ing make take ride making taking riding 以重读闭音节（辅元辅）结尾的动词，双写末尾辅音，再加-ing sit put get sitting putting getting 以 ie 结尾的动词，先把ie 变成 y 再加-ing lie tie die lying tying dying 注意：see-seeing draw-drawing listen-listening 现在分词构成口诀 现在分词很好记，动词后缀-ing。直接加、去 e 加、双写加。还有一点要注意 ie 要用 y 来替。现在进行时用法口诀 主语在前 be 在后，现在分词跟着走，其他成分不可丢。变一般很简单，把 be 提到句子前，否定句也不难，be 后要把 not 添。还有一点要注意，动作提问 doing 替。巩固练习：1._friends making_a kite.(A)I,me (B)My,my (C)My,me (D)His,his 2.Is the woman _ yellow your teacher?(A)in (B)putting on (C)wearing (D)having 3.Look!The twins_their mother do the housework.(A)are wanting (B)help 构肯定句主语学习必备欢迎下载二人称代词人称代词主格作主语表示谁怎么样了干什么了人称代词宾格作宾语表示动作行为的对象人称单数主格第一人称第二人称第三人称三物主代词宾格复数主格宾格表示所有关系的代词叫做物主数人称类别第一人称第二人称第三人称第一人称第二人称第三人称形容词性物主代词名词性物主代词我汉语的你的他的她的它的我们的你们的他她它们的学习必备欢迎下载形容词性物主代词名词而名词性物主代词则相当于形容词性一天日期星期和具体的节日用在时刻前还有正午午夜和表示一段时间的节日巩固练习学习必备欢迎下载五频度副词从频率最大到频率最小依次为对频率副词提问要用巩固练习学习必备欢迎下载六特殊疑问句语法特殊疑问句定义特殊学习必备 欢迎下载 (C)are helping (D)are looking 翰林汇 4._are the birds doing?They are singing in a tree.(A)Who (B)What (C)How (D)Where 5.Is she_something?(A)eat (B)eating (C)eatting (D)eats 6.They are_their clothes.(A)makeing (B)putting (C)put away (D)putting on 7.Listen!She_in the classroom.(A)is singing (B)sing (C)to sing (D)is sing 8.Today Jim_ his white shirt and brown trousers.(A)is putting on (B)wear (C)put on (D)is wearing 9._are you eating?Im eating_meat.(A)What,some (B)Which,any (C)Where,not (D)What,a 10.They_TV in the evening.They do their homework.(A)are watching (B)cant watching (C)dont watch (D)dont watching 11.The children_football.(A)is playing (B)are playing (C)play the (D)play a 12.They are flying kites.(A)他们喜欢放风筝.(B)他们在放风筝吗?(C)他们在放风筝.(D)他们常放风筝.13.Here are many books.Please_them.(A)look (B)write (C)count (D)taking 14.Look,They are swimming in the river.I want_you.(A)to go with (B)go with (C)helping (D)help 15.Look.Lucy is_a new bike today.(A)jumping (B)running (C)riding (D)taking 构肯定句主语学习必备欢迎下载二人称代词人称代词主格作主语表示谁怎么样了干什么了人称代词宾格作宾语表示动作行为的对象人称单数主格第一人称第二人称第三人称三物主代词宾格复数主格宾格表示所有关系的代词叫做物主数人称类别第一人称第二人称第三人称第一人称第二人称第三人称形容词性物主代词名词性物主代词我汉语的你的他的她的它的我们的你们的他她它们的学习必备欢迎下载形容词性物主代词名词而名词性物主代词则相当于形容词性一天日期星期和具体的节日用在时刻前还有正午午夜和表示一段时间的节日巩固练习学习必备欢迎下载五频度副词从频率最大到频率最小依次为对频率副词提问要用巩固练习学习必备欢迎下载六特殊疑问句语法特殊疑问句定义特殊
