8BU7Grammar课件.ppt
U7 Grammar2被动语态 被动语态的基本构成：被动语态的基本构成：be+be+动词的过去分词动词的过去分词（be+donebe+done)被动语态的用法被动语态的用法1.不知道动作的执行者是谁。不知道动作的执行者是谁。这块手表是中国制造的。This watch is made in China.2.没有必要指出动作的执行者没有必要指出动作的执行者每年都应该种更多的树。Many trees should be planted every year.3.需要强调或突出动作的承受者。需要强调或突出动作的承受者。世界上越来越多的人说汉语。世界上越来越多的人说汉语。Chinese is spoken by more and more people in the world.4.句子的主语是动作的承受者句子的主语是动作的承受者。许多房屋被冲走了。许多房屋被冲走了。Many houses were washed away by the flood.1.一般现在时一般现在时am/is/are+done We clean the classroom every day.The classroom is cleaned by us every day.He put on a coat.A coat was put on by him.2.一般过去时一般过去时was/were+doneHe made the kite.The kite was made by him.3.一般将来时一般将来时 shall/will/be going to+be done They will plant trees tomorrow.Trees will be planted by them tomorrowHe is going to write a letter to his mother.A letter is going to be written to his mother by him.1.Apple trees will be planted(by us)tomorrow.2.Apple trees wont be planted(by us)tomorrow.3.Will apple trees be planted(by us)tomorrow?4.Where will apple trees be planted(by us)tomorrow?一般将来时被动语态一般将来时被动语态肯定式肯定式:will be/be going to be+done否定式否定式:wont be/be not going to be+done疑问式疑问式:Will+主语主语 be/be+主语主语+going to be+done?特殊疑问式特殊疑问式:疑问词疑问词+will+主语主语 be/be+主语主语+going to be+done?EnvironmentWeekAThestudentsaretalkingaboutEnvironmentWeek.Helpthemmakesentencesusingthepassivevoice.activities/inEnvironmentWeek/alotof/organize/aregoingto_AlotofactivitiesaregoingtobeorganizedinEnvironmentWeek.toallthepeople/send/leaflets/inthetown/will_design/posters/will/bySandy_aregoingto/hold/someoftheactivities/inthetownsquare_Posterswillbedesignedbysandy.Leafletswillbesenttoallthepeopleinthetown.Someoftheactivitiesaregoingtobeheldinthetownsquare.EnvironmentWeekBLisaistellinghercousinHarryaboutashowthatwillbeheldinthisEnvironmentWeekonthephone.HelpLisaanswerHarrysquestionsusingthepassivevoice.Lisa:Hi,Harry.Theresgoingtobeanenvironmentshowhere.Harry:Really?Whenistheshowgoingtobeheld?Lisa:_(thisFridayevening)TheshowisgoingtobeheldthisFridayevening.Harry:Willtheshowbeheldatyourschool?Lisa:No._.(atthetownhall)Harry:Whowillbeinvitedtotheshow?Lisa:_(somefamouspeopleinourtown)Harry:Whatwillbedisplayedattheshow?Lisa:_(videosaboutthepastandpresentofSunshineTown)Theshowwillbeheldatthetownhall.Somefamouspeopleinourtownwillbeinvitedtotheshow.VideosaboutthepastandpresentofSunshineTownwillbedisplayedattheshow.Harry:Whatwillbediscussedattheshow?Lisa:_(waysabouthowtoprotecttheenvironment)Weuse“willbe”or_+pastparticipate”toformthepassivevoiceinthesimplefuturetense.Waysabouthowtoprotecttheenvironmentwillbediscussedattheshow.begoingtobeCKittyiswritinganarticleaboutpollution.Helphercompletethearticleusingthepassivevoice.Pollutionisoneofthebiggestproblemsintheworldtoday.Inmanyplaces,rubbish_(throw)intolakesandrivers,somanyofthem_(pollute).Insomecities,theair_(fill)withpollution.Thismakespeopleill,andmorepeople_(hurt)inthefutureifitisnotcleanedup.Aswellaspeople,animals_(harm)isthrownarepollutedisfilledaregoingtobehurtareharmedbypollution.Landandwaterpollutionkillsmanyanimalseveryyear.Ifwedonotacttoimprovetheenvironment,morelivingthings_(kill)bypollution.However,thereissomegoodnews.Ashow_(hold)atthetownhallthisFridayevening.Allofuswillhaveachancetothinkabouttheworldaroundus.Onthatday,we_(show)howtoprotecttheenvironment.Ifweworktogether,wecanmaketheworldabetterplace.willbekilledwillbeheldaregoingtobeshown5.含有情态动词的被动语态含有情态动词的被动语态can/may/must/should+be doneI can find him.He can be found by me.4.现在完成时现在完成时has/have+been doneJim has finished the work.The work has been finished by Jim.5.现在进行时的被动语态现在进行时的被动语态am/is/are+being+PPSomeworkersarepaintingtheroomsnowTheroomsarebeingpaintedbysomeworkersnow.6.过去进行时的被动语态过去进行时的被动语态was/were+being+PPShe was interviewing the famous man at this time yesterday.The famous man was being interviewed by her.各种时态的被动情况：各种时态的被动情况：一般现在时：一般现在时：一般过去时：一般过去时：现在进行时：现在进行时：过去进行时：过去进行时：现在完成时：现在完成时：过去完成时：过去完成时：一般将来时：一般将来时：过去将来时：过去将来时：情态动词变被动：情态动词变被动：am/is/are donewas/were doneam/is/are being donewas/were being donehave/has been donehad been doneshall/will be donebe going to be donewould/should+be+done情态动词情态动词+be+done把下列句子变为被动语态：1.They made shoes in that factory.2.They will make shoes in that factory.3.They would make shoes in that factory.4.They can make shoes in that factory.5.They have made shoes in that factory.6.They had made shoes in that factory.7.They are making shoes in that factory.8.They were making shoes in that factory1.I was given a book by him.(间宾作主）间宾作主）He gave me a book.(变被动）变被动）主语主语谓语谓语间宾间宾直宾直宾2.A book was given to me by him.My mother bought me a birthday cake.主语谓语谓语间宾间宾直宾1.I was bought a birthday cake by my mother.2.A birthday cake was bought for me by my mother.变为被动时，间宾前加变为被动时，间宾前加to 的带有双宾语的带有双宾语的动词的动词有：有：bring,pass,give,lend,show,send,write.变为被动时，间宾前加变为被动时，间宾前加for 的带有的带有双宾语的动词双宾语的动词有：有：buy,cook,get,sing.带有双宾语的动词变为带有双宾语的动词变为被动：被动：带双宾语（间接宾语和直接宾语）的主动变被动有两种改法:(1)把间接宾语（即人）改成主语(2)把直接宾语（即物）改成主语时,谓语动词后必须加适当的介词:to,for.使役动词(make,let,have)和感官动词(see,hear,-find,notice-)在主动句中后面的动词不带to,但在被动句中后面的动词必须带toEg,1 My father made me go there alone-I was made to go there alone.2 He let the man work fourteen hours.The man was let to work fourteen hours.3 We often see them play football together.They are often seen to play football together.We usually hear him sing in the next room.He is usually heard to sing in the next room.We hear him playing the guitar in the next room now.He is heard playing the guitar in the next room.补充部分补充部分1.主动结构表被动意义open,write,sell,wash等词作不及物动词时，与副词连用，主语为物，描述主语的特性，可以用主动语态表被动意义。This kind of shirt sells well.The shop opens at 8:00 a.m.The pen writes well.The clothes wash easily.2.look,sound,taste,smell等系动词用主动表被动意义。例：It smells wonderful.Mooncakes taste delicious.3.在be worth doing（值得做某事）（值得做某事）中,doing表被动意义。例：This book is worth reading.4.(sth)want/need/require+doing=want/need/require+to be done 例：My bike needs repairing.=My bike needs to be repaired我的自行车需要修理。1.Ifcitynoises_fromincreasing，people_shouttobeheardevenatdinnerAarenotkept；willhavetoBarenotkept；haveCdonotkeep；willhavetoDdonotkeep；haveto2.Thefifthgenerationcomputers,_andperfectednow.A.developedB.havedevelopedC.arebeingdevelopedD.willhavebeendeveloped3.-_thesportsmeetmightbeputoff-Yes，italldependsontheweatherAIvebeentoldBIvetoldCImtoldDItoldACA4.Ineedonemorestampbeforemycollection_.A.hascompletedB.completesC.hasbeencompletedD.iscompleted5.Rainforests_andburnedatsuchaspeedthattheywilldisappearfromtheearthinthenearfuture.A.cutB.arecutC.arebeingcutD.hadbeencut6.Thenewbridge_bytheendoflastmonth.A.hasbeendesignedB.hadbeendesignedC.wasdesignedD.wouldbedesigned7.Whenpartofapencilisinaglassofwater,itlooksasifit_.A.breaksB.hasbrokenC.wasbrokenD.hadbeenbrokenDCBC8.Greatchanges_inthecity,andalotoffactories_.A.havebeentakenplace;havebeensetupB.havetakenplace;havebeensetupC.havetakenplace;havesetupD.weretakenplace;weresetup9.Thatsuit_over60dollars.A.hadcostedB.costedC.iscostedD.cost10.-Look!Everythinghereisunderconstruction.-Whatstheprettysmallhousethat_for?A.isbeingbuiltB.hasbeenbuiltC.isbuiltD.isbuilding11.-Doyoulikethecloth?-Yes,it_verysoft.A.isfeelingB.feltC.feelsD.isfeltBDAC12.Itisdifficultforaforeigner_ChineseAwriteBtowriteCtobewrittenDwritten13.Ihavenomoreletters_，thankyouAtotypeBtypingCtobetypedDtyped14.Takecare!Dontdroptheinkonyourshirt,forit_easily.A.wontwashoutB.wontbewashedoutC.isntwashedoutD.isntwashingout15.Nobodynoticedthethiefslipintothehousebecausethelightshappenedto_.A.beputupB.giveinC.beturnedonD.gooutBCAD16.Thecomputersonthetable_ProfessorSmith.A.belongsB.arebelongedtoC.belongstoD.belongto17.-Whatdoyouthinkofthebook?-Oh,excellent.Itsworth_asecondtime.A.toreadB.tobereadC.readingD.beingread18.Thesquirrelwasluckythatitjustmissed_.A.catchingB.tobecaughtC.beingcaughtD.tocatch19.Thispageneeded_again.A.beingcheckedB.checkedC.tocheckD.tobechecked20._manytimes,theboystilldidntknowhowtodoit.A.HavingtaughtB.HavingbeentaughtC.taughtD.TeachingDCCDB
