book7unit2Grammar课件.ppt

被动语态及被动语态及动词不定式的被动形式动词不定式的被动形式Grammar不定式由不定式由“to+do(动动词词原形原形)”构构成成,其其否否定形式是定形式是“not to do”,不不定式可以带宾语或定式可以带宾语或状语构成不定式短状语构成不定式短语语,在句子中作在句子中作 _,_,_,_,_,_ 或或 _。不定式。不定式没有没有人称和数的变化人称和数的变化,但但有有 _ 和和 _ 的变化。的变化。独立结构独立结构 主语主语表语表语宾语宾语宾补宾补定语定语状语状语时态时态 语态语态不不定定式式有有时时态态和和语语态态的的变变化化，时时态态共共四四种种，即即一一般般式式、完完成成式式、进进行行式式和和完完成成进进行行式式。语语态态分分为为主主动动语语态态和和被被动动语语态态，如如下下表表所所示。示。形形 式式 主主 动动 被被 动动一般式一般式进行式进行式完成式完成式完成进完成进行式行式to doto have doneto be doingto have been doingto be doneto have beendone当动词不定式的逻辑主语是动词不定式当动词不定式的逻辑主语是动词不定式所表示的动作的所表示的动作的执行者执行者时用时用 _ 语态；语态；当动词不定式的逻辑主语是动词不定式当动词不定式的逻辑主语是动词不定式所表示的动作的所表示的动作的承受者承受者时用时用 _语态。语态。进行式和完成进行式没有被动语态进行式和完成进行式没有被动语态。主动主动被动被动不定式的被动形式有下列用法不定式的被动形式有下列用法:(1)作主作主语语It is an honour for me to be asked to speak here.形式主语形式主语(2)作作宾语宾语She asked to be sent to work in Hong Kong.(3)构成构成复合复合宾语宾语(宾补宾补)He wanted the letter to be typed at once.She didnt like herself to be praised like that.(4)构成复合谓语构成复合谓语 The books are not allowed to be taken out of the room.(5)作定语作定语Are you going to the meeting to be held next week?(6)作状语作状语She was too young to be assigned such work.It is a good thing for him to have beencriticized.She preferred to have been given heavier work to do.不定式有时还可以有完成式的被动不定式有时还可以有完成式的被动式，在句中作主语、宾语、定语，式，在句中作主语、宾语、定语，或者构成复合宾语、复合谓语等。或者构成复合宾语、复合谓语等。He thought it an honour to have beeninvited to the party.The book is said to have been translatedinto many languages.(complex predicate)She was the first woman to have been elected to such a post.1.在在 there be 结构中。结构中。There is a lot of homework to do.There is no time to lose.2.在在“be+adj+to do”结构中。结构中。常用的常用的形容词有形容词有 easy，difficult，hard，impossible，nice，pleasant，light，heavy，interesting，important，expensive，cheap，fit，dangerous 等等。He is hard to convince.He is impossible to work with.3.在在“too to;enough to”结构结构中。中。The problem is too difficult to work out.The house is big enough to live in.4.在在“with+n.+to do”结构中。结构中。With nothing to do,he lay in bed.With so many exercises to do,I cant go to the cinema.5.当不定式的逻辑主语在句中出现当不定式的逻辑主语在句中出现时。时。I have a letter to type today.Do you have anything to say?(I 是是 to type 的的逻辑主语逻辑主语)(you 是是 to say 的的逻辑主语逻辑主语)6.一些作表语用的不定式的主动一些作表语用的不定式的主动形式表形式表 被动。被动。I felt I was to blame.1.The dishes need _.to be washed wash 2.The mail is intended _.sendto be sent 4.The house is _.sellto be sold 3.The wall is expected _.to be paintedpaint 1.She hates _(laugh at)by her classmates.2.Tim refused _(accompany)by his father to school.3.She struggled _(understand)by the French visitors.to be accompaniedto be understoodto be laughed at4.These are the issues _ (discuss)tomorrow.5.The new drug is _(test)out on 500 patients next year.6.She was very beautiful but she didnt like _(envy)by all the girls she met.to be testedto be enviedto be discussed1.我们不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行我们不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁的时候者是谁的时候,或强调动作的承受者时。或强调动作的承受者时。2.Printing was introduced to Europe from China.Look!There is nothing here.Everything has been taken away.A good time was had by all.1.My hamburger was eaten by the dog.2.The toy is made by hand.3.He will be sent to Africa next week.一般现在时：一般现在时：_1.English is spoken by many people.2.I am asked to get up early everyday.3.The books are written by LuXun.am/is/are done一般过去时：一般过去时：_These computers were made in our own country.一般将来时：一般将来时：_Shall we be asked to attend the opening ceremony?was/were donewill/shall be done过去将来时：过去将来时：_The news would be sent to the soldiers mother as soon as it arrived.would be given过去进行时：过去进行时：_The feast was being prepared when the birds arrived in the sky.现在完成时：现在完成时：_Great progress has also been made in culture and education.现在进行时：现在进行时：_The machine is being repaired in theworkshop.am/is/are beingdonewas/were beingdonehave/has beendone过去完成时：过去完成时：_ The huge bridge had been damaged before the World War.将来完成时：将来完成时：_The book will have been published by the end of next month.had beendonewill/shall have beendone含有情态动词的动词变成被动语态：含有情态动词的动词变成被动语态：_情态动词情态动词+be+doneThis problem can be solved.Whats done cannot be undone.1.某些感官动词加形容词及少数其他的动某些感官动词加形容词及少数其他的动 词可以表示被动意义。词可以表示被动意义。cook,smell,taste,wash,write,shut,prove,sell,read,write 1.The dish tastes delicious.2.The theory proved right at last.The book is so interesting that it sells well.sells 此处为不及物动词此处为不及物动词“销售起来销售起来;有销有销路路”的意思；作及物动词为的意思；作及物动词为“卖卖;出售出售”）This kind of cloth washes well.(耐洗耐洗)2.need+v.-ing 表示表示“主语承受动词发出主语承受动词发出的动作的动作”，表示被动意义。，表示被动意义。我的车需要修理。我的车需要修理。My car needs repairing.(=to be repaired).beg,equal,fail,hold,possess,fit,become,contain,cost,fit,have,lack,suit 等。等。This new English-Chinese dictionarycost me ten dollars.3.某些表示某些表示状态或者特征状态或者特征的及物动词没有的及物动词没有被动语态形式。这类动词常见的有：被动语态形式。这类动词常见的有：如：战争爆发了。如：战争爆发了。The war broke out.The war was broke out.4.通常只有及物动词（组）才有被动语通常只有及物动词（组）才有被动语态，不及物动词没有。态，不及物动词没有。“be 过去分词过去分词”这个结构并不都是这个结构并不都是被动语态，也可能是系表结构。被动语被动语态，也可能是系表结构。被动语态与系表结构主要区别是：态与系表结构主要区别是：被动结构表被动结构表示一个示一个动作动作，而系表结构表示，而系表结构表示主语的特主语的特点或所处的状态点或所处的状态，试比较下面的句子：试比较下面的句子：The enemy was soon surrounded by us.The house is surrounded by trees.She was bitten by the dog in the darkness.I was excited by the news that my husband got promoted.1.My father will repair my bike for me.My bike will _ by my father for me.2.I have found my wallet.My wallet has _.3.She told me to wait here for her.I _ to wait here for her.be repairedbeen foundwas told4.The police will surely arrest the murderer.The murderer will surely_ by the police.5.They invited Mr.Green to make a speech.Mr.Green _ to make a speech.6.You mustnt take those books out of the reading-room.Those books mustnt _ out of the reading-room.be arrestedwas invitedbe taken1.In the last few years thousands of films _ all over the world.(天津天津2011)A.have produced B.B.have been produced C.are producing D.are being produced 考点一：在时态中的应用考点一：在时态中的应用2.Experiments of this kind _ in both the U.S.and Europe well before the Second World War.(北京北京2011)A.have conducted B.B.have been conductedC.had conducted D.had been conducted【点拨点拨】1.答案为答案为 B。时间状语。时间状语In the last few years常与现在完成时连用；常与现在完成时连用；films与与produce之间之间是被动关系，故用现在完成时的被动语态。是被动关系，故用现在完成时的被动语态。2.答案为答案为 D。根据句意，此动作是在二战之。根据句意，此动作是在二战之前发生，故用过去完成时；前发生，故用过去完成时；experiments与与conduct之间是被动关系，故用过去完成时之间是被动关系，故用过去完成时的被动语态。的被动语态。考点二：在动词不定式中的应用考点二：在动词不定式中的应用1.If they win the final tonight,the team are going to tour around the city _ by their enthusiastic supporters.2.(浙江浙江2011)A.being cheered B.be cheeredC.to be cheered D.were cheered2.There were many talented actors out there just waiting _.(江西江西2010)A.to discover B.to be discoveredC.discovered D.being discovered【点拨点拨】1.答案为答案为C。the team与与cheer之间是被之间是被动关系，再由条件状语从句可知事情还动关系，再由条件状语从句可知事情还没有发生，故用不定式的被动式。没有发生，故用不定式的被动式。2.答案为答案为B。动词。动词wait后接不定式作宾后接不定式作宾语且语且actors与与discover之间是被动关系，之间是被动关系，故用不定式的被动式。故用不定式的被动式。