2021年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试全国乙卷.pdf

全国乙卷2021年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语第一部分 听力（共两节，满 分30分）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节（共5小题；每 小 题1.5分，满 分7.5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你 都 有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。例：How much is the shirt?A.19.15.B.9.18.C.9.15.答案C1.What is the man doing?A.Asking the way.B.Giving directions.C.Correcting a mistake.2.What dress size does the woman want?A.8.B.10.C.12.3.What is the woman likely to do?A Make a phone call.B.Handle the problem.C Have a rest.4.Which tour does the man seem to be interested in?A.The evening tour.B.The half-day tour.C.The full-day tour.5.Where are the speakers?A.At a canteen.B.At a clinic.C.At a bank.第二节（共 15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5 段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5 秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5 秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6 段材料，回答第6、7 题。6.What does the woman think of the match?A.Entertaining.B.Discouraging.C.Boring.7.What do the speakers plan to do on Tuesday afternoon?A.Watch a game.B.Play tennis.C.Go to the cinema.听第7 段材料，回答第8 至 10题。8.What does the man advise Mrs.White to do?A.Go on a diet.B.Do more exercise.C.Get enough sleep.9.Which can be included in Mrs.Whites breakfast?A.Eggs.B.Sausages.C.Porridge.10.What is the man?A.A teacher.B.A physician.C.A chef.听第8 段材料，回答第11至 14题。11.How does Nancy look to Daniel?A.Confused.B.Excited.C.Anxious.12.Why does Daniel mention his performance in a play?A-To comfort Nancy.B.To express his regret.C.To show his pride.13.What is Nancy going to do next week?A.Take a school test.B.Have a check-up.C.Go in for a competition.14.What does Daniel offer to do for Nancy?A.Rewrite her lines.B.Drive her to the theatre.C.Help her with the practice.听第9 段材料，回答第15至 17题。15.What was Prof.Stones grandfather afraid of?A.Leaving his home.B.Parting from his son.C.Taking early retirement.16.What does old age mean to many elderly Americans?A.Lack of moral support.B.Loss of self-worth.C Change of living habits.17.What will Prof.Stone talk about next concerning elderly people?A.Public services they ask fbr.B.Health care available to them.C-Contributions they can make.听第10段材料，回答第18至 20题。18.What does the speakers mother want her to be?A-A confident person.B A warm-hearted person.C-A humorous person.19.Why did the speaker feel lonely in her childhood?A.She often traveled by herself.B.Her family moved frequently.C.Her mother was busy working.20.What does the speaker mainly talk about?A.Importance of home schooling.B.Mother-daughter relationship.C-A role model in her family.第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共 15小题；每小题2 分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C 和D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。AThe Biggest Stadiums in the WorldPeople have been pouring into stadiums since the days of ancient Greece.Inaround 80 A.D.,the Romans built the Colosseum,which remains the worlds bestknown stadium and continues to inform contemporary design.Rome Colosseum was157 feet tall and had 80 entrances,seating 50,000 people.However,that was small frycompared with the citys Circus Maximus,which accommodated around 250,000people.These days,safety regulationsnot to mention the modem sports fans desire fora good view and a comfortable seat-tend to keep stadium capacities（容量）slightlylower.Even soccer fans tend to have a seat each;gone are the days of thousandsstanding to watch the match.For the biggest stadiums in the world,we have used data supplied by the WorldAtlas list so far,which ranks them by their stated permanent capacity,as well asupdated information from official stadium websites.All these stadiums are still functional,still open and still hosting the biggestevents in world sport.Rungrado 1st of May Stadium,Pyongyang,D.P.R.Korea.Capacity：150,000.Opened：May 1,1989.-Michigan Stadium,Ann Arbor,Michigan,U.S.Capacity：107,601.Opened：October 1,1927.Beaver Stadium,State College,Pennsylvania,U.S.Capacity：106,572.Opened：September 17,1960.Ohio Stadium,Columbus,Ohio,U.S.Capacity：104,944.Opened：October7,1922.Kyle Field,College Station,Texas,U.S.Capacity：102,512.0pened：September 24,1927.21.How many people could the Circus Maximus hold?A.104,944.B.107,601.C.About 150,000.D.About 250,000.22.Of the following stadiums,which is the oldest?A.Michigan Stadium.B.Beaver Stadium.C.Ohio Stadium.D.Kyle Field.23.What do the listed stadiums have in common?A.They host big games.B They have become tourist attractions.C.They were built by Americans.D.They are favored by architects.【语篇解读】文章主要介绍了当今世界上最大的几座体育场。21.D 细节理解题。根据第一段的最后一句However,that was small frycompared with the citys Circus Maximus,which accommodated around 250,000people.v可知，Circus Maximus能容纳大约25万人。22.C 细节理解题。每一家体育场的开放时间：Michigan Stadium1927年，Beaver Stadium1960 4,Ohio Stadium1922 4.Kyle Field1927 年。由此可知，正确答案为Co 23.A 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“All these stadiums are still functional,still open and still hosting the biggest events in world sport.”可知，这些体育场仍然开放，并且仍然举办世界体育界最大型的赛事。故 选A。When almost everyone has a mobile phone,why are more than half of Australianhomes still paying for a landline（座机）？These days youd be hard pressed to find anyone in Australia over the age of 15who doesnt own a mobile phone.In fact plenty of younger kids have one in theirpocket.Practically everyone can make and receive calls anywhere,anytime.Still,55 percent of Australians have a landline phone at home and only just overa quarter（29%）rely only on their smartphones,according to a survey（调查）.Of thoseAustralians who still have a landline,a third concede that its not really necessary andtheyre keeping it as a security blanket-19 percent say they never use it while afurther 13 percent keep it in case of emergencies.!think my home falls into thatcategory.More than half of Australian homes are still choosing to stick with their homephone.Age is naturally a factor（因素）一only 58 percent of Generation Ys still uselandlines now and then,compared to 84 percent of Baby Boomers who*ve perhapshad the same home number for 50 years.Age isn*t the only factor;Id say it*s also to dowith the make-up of your household.Generation Xers with young families,like my wife and I,can still find itconvenient to have a home phone rather than providing a mobile phone fbr everyfamily member.That said,to be honest the only people who ever ring our home phoneare our Baby Boomers parents,to the point where we play a game and guess who iscalling before we pick up the phone（using Caller ID would take the fun out of it）.How attached are you to your landline?How long until they go the way of gasstreet lamps and morning milk deliveries?24.What does paragraph 2 mainly tell us about mobile phones?A.Their target users.B Their wide popularity.C.Their major functions.D-Their complex design.25.What does the underlined word“concede”in paragi*aph 3 mean?A.Admit.B.Argue.C.Remember.D.Remark.26.What can we say about Baby Boomers?A.They like smartphone games.B They enjoy guessing callers1 identity.C.They keep using landline phones.D.They are attached to their family.27.What can be inferred about the landline from the last paragraph?A.It remains a family necessity.B.It will fall out of use some day.C.It may increase daily expenses.D.It is as important as the gas light.【语篇解读】本文主要介绍了现在几乎每个人都用手机，但还有超过一半的澳大利亚的家庭在使用座机。文章主要阐述了产生这一现象的原因。24.B 推理判断题。根据文章第二段的内容可知，该段主要是说，在澳大利亚现在很难找到15岁以上还没有手机的人，而事实上很多小孩子的口袋里都有一部手机。由此可推知，在澳大利亚使用手机的人越来越多，手机在广泛地流行起来。故 选B。25.A 词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句的下文可知，调查显示，在仍然使用座机的澳大利亚人中，有三分之一的人认为座机并不是真的有必要，他们只是把座机看作是一种安全保障。故画线词所在句是说，有三分之一的人承认座机不是必须要有的东西。由此可推断concede意 为“承认”，故 选A。26.C 细节理解题。根据文章第四段中的.compared to 84 percent of BabyBoomers whove perhaps had the same home number for 50 years.”和第五段中的”.the only people who ever ring our home phone are our Baby Boomers parents.知，相比之下，在生育高峰期出生的人中，有84%的人可能已经拥有同样的座机号码50年了。显然，他们一直在使用座机。故 选C。27.B 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段的内容可知，作者用煤气路灯和早晨送牛奶的例子，暗示座机将来有一天可能像它们一样在我们的日常生活中消失。故 选B。cYouve heard that plastic is polluting the oceans-between 4.8 and 12.7 milliontonnes enter ocean ecosystems every year.But does one plastic straw or cup reallymake a difference?Artist Benjamin Von Wong wants you to know that it does.Hebuilds massive sculptures out of plastic garbage,forcing viewers to re-examine theirrelationship to single-use plastic products.At the beginning of the year,the artist built a piece called“Strawpocalypse，apair of 10-foot-tall plastic waves,frozen mid-crash.Made of 168,000 plastic strawscollected from several volunteer beach clean-ups,the sculpture made its firstappearance at the Estella Place shopping center in Ho Chi Minh City,Vietnam.Just 9%of global plastic waste is recycled.Plastic straws are by no means thebiggest source（来源）of plastic pollution,but theyve recently come under fire becausemost people dont need them to drink with and,because of their small size and weight,they cannot be recycled.Every straw thats part of Von Wongs artwork likely camefrom a drink that someone used for only a few minutes.Once the drink is gone,thestraw will take centuries to disappear.In a piece from 2018,Vbn Wong wanted to illustrate（说明）a specific statistic：Every 60 seconds,a truckloads worth of plastic enters the ocean.For this work,titleduTruckload of PlasticV on Wong and a group of volunteers collected more than10,000 pieces of plastic,which were then tied together to look like theyd beendumped顷 侄ij）from a truck all at once.Vbn Wong hopes that his work will also help pressure big companies to reducetheir plastic footprint.28.What are Von Wongs artworks intended for?A.Beautifying the city he lives in.B.Introducing eco-friendly products.C.Drawing public attention to plastic waste.D.Reducing garbage on the beach.29.Why does the author discuss plastic straws in paragraph 3?A.To show the difficulty of their recycling.B To explain why they are useful.C-Tb voice his views on modern art.D.To find a substitute for them.30.What effect would“Truckload of Plastic”have on viewers?A.Calming.B.Disturbing.C.Refreshing.D.Challenging.31.Which of the following can be the best title for the text?A.Artists*Opinions on Plastic SafetyB Media Interest in Contemporary ArtC.Responsibility Demanded of Big CompaniesD.Ocean Plastics Transformed into Sculptures【语篇解读】面对无处不在的海洋塑料污染，尤其是大家每天都在使用的塑料吸管和塑料杯，艺术家Benjamin Von Wong通过其艺术作品“Strawpocalypse”和“Truckload of Plastic”来唤起人们对塑料垃圾的关注。28.C 推理判断题。本题询问Von Wong的艺术作品的目的是什么。根据题干中的关键信息Von Wongs artworks找到第一段中的“Artist Benjamin VbnWong wants you to know that it does.He builds massive sculptures out of plasticgarbage,forcing viewers to re-examine their relationship to single-use plasticproducts.（艺术家Benjamin Von Wong想让你知道它确实如此。他用塑料垃圾建造了巨大的雕塑，使观看者重新审视他们与一次性塑料产品的关系。），由此可推知，Vbn Wong的艺术作品旨在引起公众对塑料垃圾的关注。故 选C。129.A 细节理解题。根据第三段中的uPlastic straws are by no means thebiggest source of plastic pollution,but theyve recently come under fire because mostpeople dont need them to drink with and,because of their small size and weight,theycannot be recycled.可知，塑料吸管最近已经受到了抨击，由于它们体积小并且重量轻，所以不能被回收利用。故 选A。30.B 推理判断题。本题询问艺术作品“Truckload of Plastic”对观看者有什么影响。根据第四段的内容可知，在2018年的一件作品中，Vbn Wong想说明这一明确的统计数据：每60秒，一卡车的塑料就会进入海洋。由此可知，他创作的“Truckload of Plastic”是为了引起观看者的不安与恐慌，进而唤起人们关注塑料垃圾污染问题。故选B。31.D 标题归纳题。艺术家Benjamin Vbn Wong通过其艺术作品，呼唤人们关注塑料垃圾污染问题，文章详细介绍了他的两件作品：“Strawpocalypse”和“Truckload of Plastic”。由此可知，本文主要讲述的是被转变成雕塑的海洋塑料。故选D。DDuring an interview for one of my books,my interviewer said something I stillthink about often.Annoyed by the level of distraction（干扰）in his open office,he said,“Thats why I have a membership at the co-working space across the street 一so Ican focus.His comment struck me as strange.After all,co-working spaces alsotypically use an open office layout（布局）.But I recently came across a study thatshows why his approach works.The researchers examined various levels of noise on participants as theycompleted tests of creative thinking.They were randomly divided into four groups andexposed to various noise levels in the background,from total silence to 50 decibels（分贝），70 decibels,and 85 decibels.The differences between most of the groups werestatistically insignificant;however,the participants in the 70 decibels group一thoseexposed to a level of noise similar to background chatter in a coffee shopsignificantly outperformed the other groups.Since the effects were small,this maysuggest that our creative thinking does not differ that much in response to total silenceand 85 decibels of background noise.But since the results at 70 decibels were significant,the study also suggests thatthe right level of background noisenot too loud and not total silence一may actuallyimprove ones creative thinking ability.The right level of background noise mayinterrupt our normal patterns of thinking just enough to allow our imaginations towander,without making it impossible to fbcus.This kind of udistracted focus”appears to be the best state for working on creative tasks.So why do so many of us hate our open offices?The problem may be that,in ouroffices,we cant stop ourselves from getting drawn into others1 conversations whilewe,re trying to focus.Indeed,the researchers found that face-to-face interactions andconversations affect the creative process,and yet a co-working space or a coffee shopprovides a certain level of noise while also providing freedom from interruptions.32.Why does the interviewer prefer a co-working space?A.It helps him concentrate.B.It blocks out background noise.C.It has a pleasant atmosphere.D.It encourages face-to-face interactions.33.Which level of background noise may promote creative thinking ability?A.Total silence.B.50 decibels.C.70 decibels.D.85 decibels.34.What makes an open office unwelcome to many people?A.Personal privacy unprotected.B Limited working space.C Restrictions on group discussion.D.Constant interruptions.35.What can we infer about the author from the text?A.Hes a news reporter.B.He*s an office manager.C.Hes a professional designer.D.Hes a published writer.【语篇解读】作者通过引用研究者对噪声的研究，得 出“特定程度的噪声最适合人们进行创造性思维”这一结论，进而说明共享办公空间与创造性思维能力之间的联系：前者既提供了一定程度的噪声，又提供了免受打扰的自由。32.A 细节理解题。根据文章第一段中的“Thats why I have a membershipat the co-working space across the street-so I can focus.”可知，采访者是街对面的共享工作空间的会员，在那里他能集中精力。所以，那位采访者更喜欢共享工作空间的原因是那里有助于他集中精力。故 选A。33.C I细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的“the participants in the 70decibels group-those exposed to a level of noise similar to background chatter in acoffee shopsignificantly outperformed the other groups.n 可知，70 分贝组的参与者的测试结果最好，显然70分贝的背景噪声可以提高创造性思维能力。故 选C。34.D 推理判断题。根据题干中的open office和unwelcome可以查找到最后一段。根据最后一段中的“we cant stop ourselves from getting drawn intoothers1 conversations while were trying to focus.以及 while also providing freedomfrom interruptions可知，开放式办公室不受欢迎的原因是人们会不断地受到打扰。故选D。35.D 推理判断题。根据文章第一句中的“During an interview for one of mybooks”可知，作者在为自己的一本书接受采访的时候留意到这个问题（即共享办公空间与创造性思维能力之间的联系），由此可以判断作者是一位作家。故选D。第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满 分10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项According to Jessica Hagy,author of How to Be Interestingits not difficult tomake yourself interesting at a dinner party.36，if youre out of your comfort zone or if youre wandering intosomebodys house for the first time.So the main thing is just to show up and beadventurous,trying different foods and talking to strangers.People love to talk about themselves.If you can start the con