DB43_T 2238-2021 杨树大径级用材林培育技术规程.docx

ICS 65.020.40CCS B 6043湖南省地方标准DB43/T 22382021杨树大径级用材林培育技术规程Regulations of large-size timber cultivation for poplar plantations2021 - 12 - 07 发布2022 - 02 - 07 实施湖南省市场监督管理局发 布DB43/T 22382021目次前言························································································································ 1范围 ····················································································································· 12规范性引用文件 ······································································································13术语和定义 ············································································································14主要经营指标 ·········································································································15造林地选择 ············································································································26造林 ····················································································································· 27林分抚育 ···············································································································38病虫害防治 ············································································································49主伐 ····················································································································· 410档案管理··············································································································4IDB43/T 22382021前言本文件按照 GB/T 1.12020标准化工作导则第 1 部分：标准化文件的结构和起草规则的规定起草。请注意本文件的某些内容可能涉及专利。本文件的发布机构不承担识别专利的责任。本文件由湖南省林业局提出。本文件由湖南省林业标准化技术委员会归口。本文件起草单位：中南林业科技大学、湖南茂源林业有限责任公司。本文件主要起草人：徐刚标、宋国宝、唐洁、姜小龙、梁艳、李河、龚细娟、翁文源。III林分年平均蓄积生长量应达到 20  m /ha 以上。DB43/T 22382021杨树大径级用材林培育技术规程1  范围本文件规定了湖南省杨树大径级用材林培育的主要经营指标、造林地选择、造林、林分抚育、病虫害防治、主伐、档案管理等内容。本文件适用于湖南省杨树大径级用材林培育。2  规范性引用文件下列文件中的内容通过文中的规范性引用而构成本文件必不可少的条款。其中，注日期的引用文件，仅该日期对应的版本适用于本文件；不注日期的引用文件，其最新版本（包括所有的修改单）适用于本文件。GB 6001育苗技术规程GB/T 15776造林技术规程LY/T 1195杨树速生丰产用材林主要栽培品种苗木LY/T 1495杨树人工速生丰产用材林LY/T 1895杨树速生丰产用材林定向培育技术规程3  术语和定义本文件没有界定的术语和定义。4  主要经营指标4.1面积集中连片，林分面积不少于 1.0 ha。单一无性系的林分面积，不超过 20.0 ha。4.2保存率按 LY/T 1495 执行。4.3生长量34.4干形树干圆满、通直、无节疤。1DB43/T 223820215  造林地选择5.1立地条件5.1.1地形地势平坦、交通方便、便于集约经营管理的滩地、废弃河道、采伐迹地、休耕地、低洼积水地、沟渠路旁和村庄附近等地块。5.1.2土壤质地为沙壤、轻壤、壤土，容重 1.4 g/ml 以下；肥力较高，全氮和有机质含量应分别在 0.1和0.8以上；有效层厚度 1.0 m 以上；常年平均地下水位在 1.5 m2.0 m 之间。5.1.3立地指数18 以上。5.1.4水淹程度季节性水淹的滩地，洪水期林木水淹深度 2 m 以下，水淹时间不超过 30 d。6  造林6.1无性系(品种)选择经国家或湖南省林木品种审定委员会审（认）定，适宜在湖南省推广的南方型杨树无性系（品种）。6.2苗木6.2.1苗木培育苗木繁殖、管理及育苗技术，按 GB 6001 执行。6.2.2苗木分级按 LY/T 1195 执行。6.2.3苗木规格宜选用 I 级苗。6.2.4苗木处理造林前，修剪苗干上侧枝，将打捆的苗干基部放入水中浸泡 2 d7 d。苗干基部的浸水深度，宜达到苗干高度的一半。6.3无性系配置以主栽无性系为主，宜采用多个无性系块状配置造林。6.4整地造林前一年的秋冬季，机械全垦整地。整地深度为 30 cm40 cm。低洼积水地，整地后，每隔 50m2依据立地条件，造林密度为 200 株ha330 株ha，单株营养面积不低于 24 m 。宽窄行配置，DB43/T 2238202180 m，开挖 1 条排水沟（深 1.2 m、底宽 0.5 m、面宽 1.5 m）；季节性淹水的滩地，整地后，沿水流方向开沟筑垄，一沟一垄，垄高 1.0 m1.5 m。6.5造林密度2株距为 4 m6 m，窄行距为 4 m6 m，宽行距为 10 m30 m。6.6定植点配置宜采用正方形或长方形定植点配置。季节性淹水的滩地造林，宜采用大行距小株距，且行向与水流方向一致。6.7造林时间12 月至翌年 3 月。6.8插干造林用钢钎打孔，孔的直径为 4 cm5 cm，孔深为 80 cm100 cm。插入苗干前，孔中灌入适量的水或泥浆。插入苗干直至孔底，回填松土，四周锤实，培土成馒头状。6.9补植造林后冬季进行补植，保证造林成活率达 95以上。7  林分抚育7.1中耕除草48林分郁闭前，每年中耕除草 2 次。第 1 次， 月5 月；第 2 次， 月10 月。中耕除草深度为 5 cm10 cm。农林间作林分，以耕代抚。7.2间作林分郁闭前，宜选用瓜菜、豆科植物等进行林下间种，不宜间种藤植物。间种植物与树干基部应保持 1 m 左右距离。7.3整形修枝7.3.1时间修枝时间，秋冬落叶休眠时期；除萌时间，4 月中下旬至 5 月上中旬。7.3.2强度2a3a 生林分，每年按冠高比为 23 的修枝强度，修除影响主梢生长的竞争枝、多头枝，剪除主干 2 m 以下的萌条。4a7a 生林分，每两年按冠高比为 13 的修枝强度，修除轮生枝，剪除主干萌条。7.3.3方法应贴近树干，修剪口平滑，不撕裂树皮，不留树茬。修枝后，及时清除枝条。3DB43/T 223820217.4施肥造林后，2a7a，每年 5 月中旬沿树冠滴水线挖施肥沟（宽为 30 cm40 cm，深为 20 cm30 cm），将肥料撒施于沟内，覆土。施肥量，随树木年龄增大而逐渐增加。依据立地条件，每株施尿素 0.1 kg0.4 kg 或复合肥磷酸氨（34-17-0）0.2 kg0.8 kg。雨后施肥。8  病虫害防治重点防治舞毒蛾、杨扇舟蛾等食叶害虫和天牛、杨圆蚧等枝干害虫，以及腐烂病、溃疡病等病害。防治具体措施，按 LY/T 1895 执行。9  主伐9.1采伐季节宜在冬季进行。9.2主伐年限及方式主伐年限，12a15a；采伐方式，按 LY/T 1895 执行。10  档案管理按 GB 15776 执行。4