2021年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语模拟试卷（一）解析.pdf
绝密启用前2021年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试模拟试卷（一）英语试卷第二部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共 15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项。ASo youre going to the royal wedding!Lefs review a checklist of everything youll needto know.What to wear at the ceremonyDid you get your fascinator yet?Thafs a trick question because you probably dont evenknow what a fascinator is.Royal dress code etiquette（礼仪）states that women must wearhats for formal events,and fascinators are the preferred accessory（酉 己 饰）.These funny hatsboast a large decorative design.If you haven?t packed one,no worries.Simply glue a cabbageto the side of your head.No one will be the wiser,and you can always snack on yourfascinator should the wedding ceremony drag on.Gentlemen are expected to wear morningcoats and top hats.Royals will likely wear their military uniforms.Meeting the royalsMen,when greeting the royals,a simple bow will do.Not so low that it looks as ifyoure examining the carpet for any medals they might have dropped.This is a slight neckbow.Women perform a curtsy.Simply put one leg behind the other,bend your knees,bowyour head slightly and fall over because youve never done this before.Chatting up the queenThe first rule of talking to the queen:Dont talk.That is,unless spoken to.If she doesstart a conversation and you find youve run out of interesting stuff to discuss after“Hello”，break the ice with a joke.Hey,why did the queen go to the dentist?”To get her teethcrowned!”DiningEvery meal begins and ends with the queen.You cant start eating until she starts,andyou stop when she stops.The queen doesnt appear to be a large eater,so you should wolfdown your food in case she pushes the plate away after a few bites.When dining,the royalshold knives in their right hand and forks in their left with the tines facing down.1.What must women have on for the royal wedding?A.Morning coats B.Military uniformsC.Hats with fascinators D.Cabbages2.Which behavior is proper at a royal ceremony?A.Fall over when you bow to the queenB.Dont start eating until the queen startsC.Dont talk even if spoken toD.Push the plate away while eating3.What is the main writing characteristic of the text?A.Humorous B.Serious C.Plain D.Official【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章向我们介绍了参加皇室婚礼时需要知道的基本礼仪，包括衣着、问候、交谈和用餐。1.细节理解题。根据 What to wear at the ceremony 部分关键句Royal dress code etiquette（礼仪）states that women must wear hats for formal events,and fascinators are the preferredaccessory（配饰）.”可知，王室着装规范礼仪规定，在正式活动中，女性必须戴帽子，羽毛头饰是首选的配饰。由此可推断出，皇室婚礼上，女人必须戴搭配有羽毛配饰的帽子。故选C 项。试卷第2页，总26页2.细节理解题。根据 Dining 部分关键句“Every meal begins and ends with the queen.Youcant start eating until she starts,and you stop when she stops.”可知,每餐饭都以女王开始和结束，她开始用餐时你才可以开始吃，她停止用餐时你也要停止。由此可推断出，在皇室仪式上，在女王开始用餐之前不要开始吃东西。故选B 项。3.推理判断题。题目要求我们判断这篇文章的主要写作特点是什么。根据文中关键句“Ifyou havent packed one,no worries.Simply glue a cabbage to the side of your head.(如果你没有戴这种帽子，不用担心，只需要把卷心菜贴在你的头上。)”可知，作者用幽默的语言描述带羽毛配饰的帽子像卷心菜一样。再根据文中“Not so low that it looks as if youreexamining the carpet for any medals they might have dropped.(不要低到看起来你好像是在检查地毯上是否有他们掉下来的奖牌)”可知，作者用幽默的语言告诉我们鞠躬时不必太低。由此可推断出，文章主要用了幽默的语言叙述内容，Humorous意为“幽默的工故选A 项。BRecent studies suggest that people who suffer multiple brain injuries are alsignificant risk for developing chronic traumatic encephalopathy(CTE),a brain disorder thatcauses a variety of dangerous mental and emotional problems to arise weeks,months,or evenyears after the initial injury.These psychological problems can include depression,anxiety,memory loss,inability to concentrate and so on.The majority of people who develop theseissues are athletes who participate in popular high-impact sports,especially football.Although new sports regulations and improvements in helmet technology can helpprotect players,amateur leagues,the sports media,and fans all bear some of the responsibilityfor reducing brain injuries.In response to the growing understanding of this danger,theNational Football League(NFL)has revised its safety regulations.In an effort to diminish theamount of head and neck injuries on the field.NFL officials began enforcing stricter penaltycalls for helmet-to-helmet contact,leading with the head,and hitting a defenseless player.Furthermore,as of 2010,if a players helmet is accidentally wrenched from his head duringplay,the ball is immediately whistled dead.It is hoped that these new regulations,coupledwith advances in helmet design,will reduce the number of brain injuries,and thus curbfurther cases of CTE.However,new regulations at the professional level cannot protect amateur players,especially young people.Deadly cases of CTE have been reported in victims as young as 21.Youth,high school and college leagues should also adopt safety rules even stricter than thoseof the NFL.Furthermore,young athletes should be educated about the serious dangers ofhead injuries at an early age.Perhaps the most important factor in reducing the number ofbrain injuries,however,lies not with the players,the coaches,or the administrators,but withthe media and fans.Sports media producers have become accustomed to showcasing the mostaggressive tackles and the most intense plays.NFL broadcasts often replay especially violentcollisions while the commentators marvel at the players physical prowess.Some sportshighlights television programs even feature weekly countdowns of the hardest hits.Whenthe media exalts such dangerous behavior,professionals are rewarded for injuring each otheron the field and amateurs become more likely to try to imitate their favorite NFL athletes.Announcers,commentators,television producers,and sportswriters should engage in acollective effort to cease glorifying brutal plays.In turn,fans should stop expecting theirfavorite players to put their lives on the line for the purposes of entertainment.4.Based on information in the passage,it can be inferred that all of the following statementsare true except that.A.brain injuries can lead to various mental and emotional problemsB.NFL officials have done little to address the problem of CTEC.it is not enough to adopt new regulations to reduce brain injuries at the professional levelD.sports media is to blame for encouraging brutal plays that often result in brain injuries5.Which of the following is NOT the factor that contributes to CTE in amateur players?A.inconsistent application of safety regulations for all levels.B.lack of education about the dangers of head injuries.C.amateur players9 desire to imitate professionals.D.the adoption of stricter safety rules by youth,high school,and college leagues.6.Which of the following can best replace“exalts”in the last paragraph?试卷第4页，总26页A.praises B.criticizesC.showsD.mentions7.The writer of the passage mainly wants to.A.share his knowledge about CET caused by brain injuriesB.warn his readers against playing football to avoid brain injuriesC.call public attention to the new regulations adopted by NFLD.convey his ideas about the problem of CET【分析】这是一篇议论文。最近的研究表明，遭受多种脑损伤的人有发展成慢性创伤性脑病(CTE)的重大风险，这是一种脑疾病，在最初的损伤几周、几个月甚至几年之后，会引起各种危险的精神和情感问题。虽然新的体育法规和头盔技术的改进有助于保护运动员，但业余联盟、体育媒体和球迷都对减少脑损伤负有部分责任。4.推理判断题。根据第二段“In response to the growing understanding of this danger,theNational Football League(NFL)has revised its safety regulations.In an effort to diminish theamount of head and neck injuries on the field.NFL officials began enforcing stricter penaltycalls for helmet-to-helmet contact,leading with the head,and hitting a defenseless player.“可知，为了应对这种危险，国家橄榄球联盟修订了安全条例。努力减少头部和颈部的伤害。美国国家橄榄球联盟官员开始对头盔对头盔的接触，撞击头部，撞击没有任何保护的球员进行严厉的处罚。由此判断出B 选项“NFL官员在解决CTE问题上做得很少“错误。故选B 项。5.细节理解题。根据第三段“However,new regulations at the professional level cannotprotect amateur players,especially young people.Deadly cases of CTE have been reported invictims as young as 21.Youth,high school and college leagues should also adopt safety ruleseven stricter than those of the NFL.“可知，然而，职业层面的新规定并不能保护业余选手，尤其是年轻人。据报道，受害者中有致命的CTE病例，年龄最小的只有2 1 岁。青年、高中和大学联盟也应该采用比NFL更严格的安全规则。所以D 选项“青少年、高中和大学联盟采用更严格的安全规则 不是业余运动员患CTE的原因。故选D 项。6.词句猜测题。根据划线词后的句子“professionals are rewarded for injuring each other onthe field and amateurs become more likely to try to imitate their favorite NFL athletes.“可知，职业球员在球场上互相伤害会得到奖励,而业余球员则更有可能模仿他们最喜欢的NFL运动员。由此可知，当媒体大加赞扬这种危险的行为时，会出现上述情况。故划线词的意思是“赞扬”。故选A 项。7.推理判断题。根据全文尤其是第二段“Although new sports regulations and improvementsin helmet technology can help protect players,amateur leagues,the sports media,and fans allbear some of the responsibility for reducing brain injuries.”可知，虽然新的体育法规和头盔技术的改进有助于保护运动员，但业余联盟、体育媒体和球迷都对减少脑损伤负有部分责任。由此判断出这篇文章的作者主要想表达他对CET问题的看法。故选D 项。CThe Ebro Delta,in Spain,famous as a battleground during the Spanish Civil War,is nowthe setting for a different contest,one that is making rice farmers fight against two enemies:the rice-eating giant apple snail,and rising sea levels.What happens here will have a bearingon the future of European rice production and the overall health of southern Europeanwetlands.Located on the Mediterranean,just two hours south of Barcelona,the Ebro Deltaproduces 120 million kilograms of rice a year,making it one of the continents mostimportant rice-growing areas.As the sea creeps into these fresh-water marshes,however,rising salinity（盐度）is hurting rice production.At the same time,this sea-water also kills offthe greedy giant apple snail,an introduced pest that feeds on young rice plants.The mostpromising strategy has become to play one enemy off against the other.The battle is currently being waged on land,in greenhouses at the University ofBarcelona.Scientists working under the banner Project Neurice are seeking varieties of ricethat can withstand the increasing salinity without losing the absorbency that makes Europeanrice ideal for traditional Spanish and Italian dishes.“The project has two sides,says Xavier Serrat,Neurice project manager and researcherat the University of Barcelona,44the short-term fight against the snail,and a mid-to long-termfight against climate change.But the snail has given the project greater urgency.”试卷第6页，总26页Originally from South America,the snails were accidentally introduced into the EbroDelta by Global Aquatic Technologies,a company that raised the snails for fresh-wateraquariums（水族馆）but failed to prevent their escape.For now,the giant apple snaifspresence in Europe is limited to the Ebro Delta.But the snail continues its march to newterritory,says Serrat.The question is not whether it will reach other rice-growing areas ofEurope,but when.”Over the next year and a half investigators will test the various strains of salt tolerantrice theyve bred.In 2018,farmers will plant the varieties with the most promise in the EbroDelta and Europes other two main rice-growing regions along the Po in Italy,and FrancesRhone.A season in the field will help determine which,if any,of the varieties are ready forcommercialization.As an EU-funded effort,the search for salt-tolerant varieties of rice is taking place in allthree countries.Each team is crossbreeding a local European short-grain rice with along-grain Asian variety that carries the salt resistant gene.The scientists are breedingsuccessive generations to arrive at varieties that incorporate salt tolerance but retain about 97percent of the European rice genome（基因组）.8.Why does the author mention the Spanish Civil War at the beginning of the passage?A.It has great impact on the lives of Spanish rice farmers.B.It is of great significance in the records of Spanish history.C.Rice farmers there are engaged in another kind of battle of similar importance.D.Rice farmers there are experiencing the hardships of wartime.9.What may be the most effective strategy for rice farmers to employ in fighting theirenemies?A.Staking the weaker enemy first.B.Killing two birds with one stone.C.Eliminating the enemy one by one.D.Using one evil to fight against the other.10.What does Neurice project manager say about the giant apple snail?A.It can survive only on southern European wetlands.B.It will invade other rice-growing regions of Europe.C.It multiplies al a speed beyond human imagination.D.It was introduced into the rice fields on purpose.11.What is the ultimate goal of the EU-funded program?A.Cultivating ideal salt-resistant rice varieties.B.Increasing the absorbency of the Spanish rice.C.Introducing Spanish rice to the rest of Europe.D.Popularizing the rice crossbreeding technology.【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了西班牙埃布罗三角洲如今正被吃水稻的巨型苹果蜗牛和不断上升的海平面所威胁。文章解释了背后的原因，以及科学家们正在寻找能够承受不断升高的盐度、同时又不丧失吸收能力的大米品种，同时预计巨型苹果蜗牛未来会继续入侵欧洲其他水稻种植区。8.推理判断题。根 据 第 l41The Ebro Delta,in Spain,famous as a battleground during theSpanish Ci War,is now the setting for a different contest,one that is making rice farmers fightagainst two enemies:the rice-eating giant apple snail,and rising sea levels.（西班牙的埃布罗三角洲曾是西班牙C i战争期间著名的战场，现在这里又成了另一场竞赛的场地，在这场竞赛中稻农们与两个敌人作战:吃水稻的巨型苹果蜗牛和不断匕升的海平面。）可知作者在文章的开头提到了西班牙内战，是因为那里的稻农正在进行另一种同样重要的战争。故选C。9.细节理解题。根据第二段中“The most promising strategy has become the play one enemyoff against the other.（最有希望的策略是一个敌人对付另一个敌人。）可知用一个敌人对付另一个敌人可能是稻农对付敌人最有效的策略。故选D。10.推理判断题。根据倒数第四段“For now,the giant apple snaiPs presence in Europe is试卷第8页，总26页limited to the Ebro Delta.But the snail continues its march to new territory,says Serrat.（目前;巨型苹果蜗牛在欧洲的存在仅限于埃布罗三角洲。但 Serrat说，蜗牛继续向新的领域进军。）可知Neurice项目经理表示，巨型苹果蜗牛将入侵欧洲其他水稻种植区。故选Bo11.细节理解题。根据最后一段第一句As an EU-funded effort,the search for salt-tolerant varieties of rice is taking place in all three countries?*（作为欧盟资助的一项努力，这三个国家都在寻找耐盐水稻品种。）可知欧盟资助项目的最终目标是培育理想的耐盐水稻品种。故选A。CIt is not uncommon for close synonyms to be understood to share the same meaning.The difference between words like hadand difficult”,for example,goes tragicallyunnoticed.Take for example the following sentences:1）The test was hard.2）The test was difficult.Is there a noticeable difference between the at all?If not,what would be the point to havingmultiple words with the exact same meaning?While many close synonyms share similar,ifnot the same,dictionary definitions,the feeling or mood they convey is utterly singular,ifthere is indeed a difference between words like“hard and difficult，what is it?To begin,uhard is pragmatic and realistic,firmly grounded in reality.On the other hand,“difficult”is civilized,willing to make the effort necessary to appear polite.Furthermore,“hard is more likely to be used in casual,in formal circumstances.It is used without pretense,and does not maintain a feeling of being overly concerned.In terms of daily usage,“hard”may be employed by an exhausted brick mason（石匠）when posed with the question,tHowwas your day“Conversely,ttdifficulf,may be used by a military general upon explaining tohis or her superior the progression of a particularly taxing campaign.Now,lets look at the synonyms,tthappy,and“glad”.Take fbr example the followingsentences:1）Tommy is happy because he got a new bike.2）Tommy is glad because he got anew bike.Again,upon consulting a dictionary,one will find highly similar,if not the same,definitions.But these definitions lack the feeling,the unique emotional charge that thesewords convey.The word“happy conveys a sense of a carefree attit
