宾语从句和定语从句课件.ppt

宾宾 语语 从从 句句宾语从句是一种名词性从句，在句中作及物动词的宾语、介词的宾语或形容词的宾语。宾语从句有三个要素：引导词、语序、时态。考点1宾语从句的引导词(1)由that引导的宾语从句,that无意义，可省略，主句谓语动词一般为say，tell，know，hear，think，hope等:He said he wanted to stay at home.(2)由连接代词或连接副词引导的宾语从句连接代词what，which，who，whom，whose；连接副词when，where，why，how；这些连接代词和连接副词在宾语从句中充当某个成分：My daughter asked me what we would have for dinner.(3)由whether/if引导的宾语从句由两者引导的从句表示一般问句内容，但必须是陈述句语序，whether或if一般可互换，在句中的意思是“是否”，不能省略：I want to know if/whether he likes the book.(1)在动词不定式之前Please tell us whether to go or stay here.(2)在whether or not 的固定搭配中：He asked me whether I wanted to go there by train or not.(3)在介词后：It depends on whether it will be fine.(4)宾语从句前置时：Whether he lives there，I want to know.注意：在下列情况下，只能用whether，不能用if考 点 2 宾 语 从 句 的 语 序宾语从句的语序要用陈述句的语序，即：连接词+主语+谓语。由于句子中的主语多为人或物，而谓语由动词充当，因此宾语从句的语序可这样记忆：疑问词人物(在从句中作主语)+动词(在从句中作谓语)：情况情况举例举例一般情况疑问词人/物+动词She asked where John lived.特殊情况疑问词(同时也是从句的主语)+动词+主要为以下句式：whats wrong whats the matter which is the way to whats happening what(has)happened I dont know who is in the classroom.Nobody knows whats in the box.Can you tell me what happened just now？Can you tell me what is the matter with you？Could you tell me which is the way to the cinema？考 点 3 宾 语 从 句 的 时 态宾语从句谓语动词的时态常受主句谓语时态的制约。因此，在运用时要注意主从句时态相呼应。主句为某种时态时可用所需的任何时态：Do you know when he came back yesterday？I have been told that the window was broken by Jim.主句为一般过去时：一般现在时一般过去时：It was said that Jim came to school on foot every day.现在进行时过去进行时：Did you mean Jim was cooking in the kitchen at the moment？一般将来时过去将来时：He said he would buy her a cell phone for her birthday.现在完成时过去完成时：He told me that he had lived in Zhuhai since 2001.一般过去时过去完成时：She said she had finished her homework.若表示客观事实、真理、自然现象、名言警句等，用一般现在时：Our teacher told us that December 25 is Christmas Day.考点4宾语从句的简化宾语从句与简单句的转换(1)think，make，find等引导的宾语从句，可转换为简单句，即：think/make/find+宾语+宾补结构:His mother found that he was a clever boy.=His mother found him a clever boy.(2)由连接代词who，what，which或连接副词when，why，how，where等引导的宾语从句可转换为：疑问词+不定式结构:She doesnt know what she should do next.=She doesnt know what to do next.真题热身真题热身()1.Mr.Black,could you tell me _?At 10:00 tomorrow morning.（2016福州市)A.where well go hiking B.when well have a meeting C.whether youll come to my birthday party()2.Does anybody want to share on Fathers Day?I bought a tie for my father.He loves it.（2016厦门市)A.what you did B.where you went C.hen you shopped中考真题BA定 语 从 句在复合句中修饰名词或代词，在句子中起定语作用的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，连接先行词和定语从句的词叫引导词，也叫关系词。如：The man who spoke at the meeting just now is my uncle.(先行词)(关系词)(定语从句)The present that I received yesterday evening is from my(先行词)(关系词)(定语从句)pen pal in the USA.考点1定语从句的引导词(关系词)1.关系代词：who，whom，whose，which，that who 主/宾语。如：The girl who is reading a book over there is my friend.whom指“人”宾语。如：The girl(whom)we met just now is my sister.whose指“人”或“物”定语(所有格)。如：The girl whose father is a doctor is a doctor too.which指“物”主/宾语。如：The book which was written by Mo Yan is very popular.that指“人”或“物”主/宾语。如：He wanted to meet the girl(that)I talked to just now.We talked about the persons and things(that)we remembered.1.whom，that及which在从句中作宾语时，常可省略，但是介词提前时，关系代词不能省略，也不能使用that。2.引导词后面是名词，且可以与前面的名词构成所有关系时，引导词用whose。注意：2.关系副词：when，where，whyWhen，时间(day，year，date，time)引导时间状语，when=on/in+which，如：I still remember the day when I joined the Party.=I still remember the day on which I joined the Party.Where，地点(the place，the city)引导地点状语，where=on/in+which，如：This is the house where I live now.=This is the house in which I live now.Why,原因(the reason)引导原因状语，why=for+which,如：No one knows the reason why she didnt show up yesterday.=No one knows the reason for which she didnt show up yesterday.考点2 that，which，who与whom的用法区别(1)先行词由all，no，some，any，only，little，much，many，every等修饰时，如：Every book that our library has bought is good.(2)先行词被形容词最高级、序数词以及 the only，the very，the last，the same修饰时，如：This is the very book that I want to buy.只用 that的情况(3)先行词既指人又指物时，如：I wont forget the club and the friends that I met last summer.(4)当little，much，all，something，everything，anything，nothing等不定代词作先行词时，如：Is there anything that I can do for you？(5)当主句中已有who或 which，为了避免重复时，如：Who is the girl that is standing there？(1)先行词本身是that时，如：The watch is that which tells the time.(2)前有逗号(，)时，用which指物，如：He came late again，which made me angry.(3)关系词前有介词，如：This is the room in which I lived last night.(4)一个句子中含有两个定语从句，一个关系代词用that，另一个用which，如：Let me show you the book that I borrowed from the library which was newly open to us.只用which的情况(1)先行词为those，one，ones，he或anyone时多用who，如：He who does not reach the Great Wall is not a true man.(2)在there be开头的句子中用who，如：There is a young lady who is waiting for you outside.(3)一个句子中两个定从，一个用that，另一个who，如：The man that was praised at the meeting is the monitor who is very modest.只用who的情况在由“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句时，用whom指人，如：The person for whom youre waiting is on the way now.注：引导词在从句中作主语时，从句中谓语动词的单复数与所修饰的先行词保持一致。如：He has a daughter who is very pretty.He has two daughters who are very pretty.只用whom的情况 真题热身真题热身()1.Id like to read some Chinese classics.Any suggestion?Journey to the West.Its a book _ is about Monkey King.(2016厦门市)A.what B.who C.that()2.Happy Camp is an entertainment program _ is very hot among the young people.(2016漳州市)A.who B./C.which中考真题CC