2022年12月四级考试真题（二）.pdf
2022年 12月四级考试真题（二）Part I Writing(30 minutes)Directions:For this part,you are allowed 30 minutes to write on the topic Changes inthe Way of Transportation.You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180words.Part II Listening Comprehension(25 minutes)Section ADirections:In this section,you will hear three news reports.At the end of each newsreport,you will hear two or three uestions.Both the news report and the uestions willbe spoken only once.After you hear a uestion,you must choose the best answer fromthe four choices marked A)f B)f C)and D),Then mark the corresponding letter onAnswer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.uestions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.1.A)He wanted to buy a home.C)He lost a huge sum of money.B)He suffered from a shock.D)He did an unusual good deed.2.A)Invite the waiter to a fancy dinner.C)Give some money to the waiter.B)Tell her story to the Daily News.D)Pay the waiters school tuition.uestions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.A)Whether or not to move to the states mainland.B)How to keep the village from sinking into the sea.C)Where to get the funds for rebuilding their village.D)What to do about the rising level of the seawater.4.A)It takes too long a time.B)It costs too much money.C)It has to wait for the states final approval.D)It faces strong opposition from many villagers.uestions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have Just heard.5.A)To investigate whether people are grateful for help.B)To see whether people hold doors open fbr strangers.C)To explore ways of inducing gratitude in people.D)To find out how people express gratitude.6.A)They induced strangers to talk with them.B)They helped 15 to 20 people in a bad mood.C)They held doors open for people at various places.D)They interviewed people who didnt say thank you.7.A)People can be educated to be grateful.C)Most people have bad days nowand then.B)Most people express gratitude for help.D)People are ungrateful when in abad mood.Section BDirections:In this section,you will hear two long conversations.At the end of eachconversation,you will hear four uestions.Both the conversation and the uestions willbe spoken only once.After you hear a uestion,you must choose the best answer fromthe four choices marked A)f B),C)and D).Then mark the corresponding letter onAnswer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.uestions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.8.A)To order a solar panel installation,installations.B)To report a serious leak in his roof,solar panels.9.A)He plans to install solar panels.B)He owns a four-bedroom house.10.A)The service of the solar panel company.panels.B)The cost of a solar panel installation.11.A)One year and a half.C)To enuire about solar panelD)To complain about the faultyC)He saves$300 a year.D)He has a large family.C)The maintenance of the solarD)The uality of the solar panels.C)Roughly six years.B)Less than four years.D)About five years.uestions 12 to 15 based on the conversation you have just heard12.A)At a travel agency.C)At an airline transfer service.B)At an Australian airport.D)At a local transportationauthority.13.A)She would be able to visit more scenic spots.B)She wanted to save as much money as possible.C)She would like to have everything taken care of.D)She wanted to spend more time with her family.14.A)Four days.C)One week.B)Five days.D)Two weeks.15.A)Choosing some activities herself.C)Driving along the Great OceanRoad.B)Spending Christmas with Australians.D)Learning more about winemaking.Section CDirections:In this section,you will hear three passages.At the end of each passage,you will hear three or four uestions.Both the passage and the uestions will be spokenonly once.After you hear a uestion,you must choose the best answer from the fourchoices marked A),B),C)and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on AnswerSheet 1 with a single line through the centre.uestions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.16.A)Bring their own bags when shopping.C)Dispose of their trashproperly.B)Use public transport when traveling.D)Pay a green tax uponarrival.17.A)It has not been doing a good job in recycling.B)It has witnessed a rise in accidental drowning.C)It has not attracted many tourists in recent years.D)It has experienced an overall decline in air uality.18.A)To charge a small fee on plastic products in supermarkets.B)To ban single-use plastic bags and straws on Bali Island.C)To promote the use of paper bags for shopping.D)To impose a penalty on anyone caught littering.uestions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.19.A)It gives birth to several babies at a time.C)Its breeding grounds are now betterpreserved.B)It is the least protected mammal species.D)Its population is now showing signsof increase.20.A)Global warming.B)Polluted seawaters.21.A)To mate.B)To look for food.C)Commercial hunting.D)Decreasing birthrates.C)To escape hunters.D)To seek breeding grounds.uestions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.22.A)They prefer to drink low-fat milk.B)They think milk is good for health.British.23.A)It is not as healthy as once thought.B)It is not easy to stay fresh for long.24.A)They drink too many pints every day.digest it.B)They are sensitive to certain minerals,with milk.25.A)It is easier for sick people to digest,products.B)It provides some necessary nutrients.calories.C)They consume less milk these days.D)They buy more milk than theC)It benefits the elderly more.D)It tends to make people fat.C)They lack the necessary proteins toD)They have eaten food incompatibleC)It is healthier than other animalD)It supplies the body with enoughPart IIIReading Comprehension(40 minutes)Section ADirections:In this section,there is a passage with ten blanks.You are reuired to selectone word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following thepassage.Read the passage through carefully before making your choices.Each choicein the bank is identified by a letter.Please mark the corresponding letter for each itemon Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.You may not we any of thewords in the bank more than once.When my son completes a task,I can*t help but praise him.Its only natural to givepraise where praise is due,right But is there such a thing as too much praiseAccording to psychologist Katherine Phillip,children dont-benefit from 26praise as much as we*d like to think.*Parents often praise,believing they are buildingtheir childs self-confidence.However,over-praising can have a 27 effect,H saysPhillip.When we use the same praise 28,it may become empty and no longer valuedby the child.It can also become an expectation that anything they do must be 29with praise.This may lead to the child avoiding taking risks due to fear of 30 theirparents.Does this mean we should do away with all the praise Phillip says no.The key tohealthy praise is to focus on the process rather than the 31.It is the recognition of achilds attempt,or the process in which they achieved something,that is essential/1 shesays.Parents should encourage their child to take the risks needed to learn and grow.So how do we break the 32 of praise were all so accustomed to Phillip saysits important to 33 between person praise1 1 and process praise.Person praise is34 saying how great someone is.Its a form of personal approval.Process praise isacknowledgement of the efforts the person has just 35.Children who receive personpraise are more likely to feel shame after losing/1 says Phillip.A)chooseI)patternB)constantJ)pluralC)disappointingD)distinguishK)repeatedlyL)rewardedE)exhaustingF)experiencedM)separatelyN)simplyG)negativeH)outcomeO)undertakenSection BDirections:In this section,you are going to read a passage with ten statementsattached to it.Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs.Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived.You may choose aparagraph more than once.Each paragraph is marked with a letter.Answer theuestions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.Poverty is a story about us9 not themA)Too often still,we think we know what poverty looks like.It*s the way weve beentaught,the images weve been force-fed for decades.The chronically homeless.The undocumented immigrant.The urban poor,usually personified as a woman ofcolor,the welfare ueenH politicians still too often reference.B)But as income ineuality rises to record levels in the United States,even in the midstof a record economic expansion,those familiar images are outdated,hurtful,andcounterproductive to focusing attention on solutions and building ladders ofopportunity.Q Today*s faces of income ineuality and lack of opportunity look like all of us.ItsAnna Landre,a disabled Georgetown University student fighting to keep healthbenefits that allow her the freedom to live her life.Its Tiffanie Standard,acounselor for young women of color in Philadelphia who want to be techentrepreneurs一but who must work multiple jobs to stay afloat.Its Ken Outlaw,awelder in rural North Carolina whose dream of going back to school at a localcommunity college was dashed by Hurricane Florence-just one of the extremeweather events that have tipped the balance for struggling Americans across thenation.D)If these are the central characters of our story about poverty,what layers ofperceptions,myths,and realities must we unearth to find meaningful solutions andsupport In pursuit of revealing this complicated reality,Mothering Justice,led bywomen of color,went last year to the-state capital in Lansing,Michigan,to lobbyon issues that affect working mothers.One of the Mothering Justice organizerswent to the office of a state representative to talk about the lack of affordablechildcare the vestiges(痕迹)of a system that expected mothers to stay home withtheir children while their husbands worked.A legislative staffer dismissed theactivists concerns,telling her Hmy husband took care of that-I stayed home.”E)That comment,says Mothering Justice director Danielle Atkinson,nwas meant toshame and relied on the familiar notion that a woman of color concerned aboutincome ineuality and programs that promote mobility must by definition be asingle mom,probably with multiple kids.In this case,the Mothering Justiceactivist happened to be married.And in most cases in the America of 2022,theimages that come to mind when we hear the words poverty or income*ineualityfail miserably in reflecting a complicated reality:poverty touches virtually all of us.The face of income ineuality,for all but a very few of us,is the one we each see inthe mirror.F)How many of us are poor in the U.S.It depends on who you ask.According to theCensus Bureau,38 million people in the U.S.are living below the official povertythresholds.Taking into account economic need beyond that absolute measure,theInstitute for Policy Studies found that 140 million people are poor or low-income.Thats almost half the U.S.population.G)Whatever the measure,within that massive group,poverty is extremely diverse.Weknow that some people are more affected than others,like children,the elderly,people with disabilities,and people of color.H)But the fact that 4 in 10 Americans cant come up with$400 in an emergency is acommonly cited statistic for good reason:economic instability stretches acrossrace,gender,and geography.It even reaches into the middle classes,as real wageshave stagnated(不 增 长)for all but the very wealthy and temporary spells offinancial instability are not uncommon.I)Negative images remain of who is living in poverty as well as what is needed tomove out of it.The big American myth is that you can pull yourself up by yourown efforts and change a bad situation into a good one.The reality is that findingopportunity without help from families,friends,schools,and community isvirtually impossible.And the playing field is nothing close to level.J)The FrameWorks Institute,a research group that focuses on public framing ofissues,has studied what sustains stereotypes and narratives of poverty in theUnited Kingdom.People view economic success and wellbeing in life as aproduct of choice,willpower,and drive/says Nat Kendall-Taylor,CEO ofFrameworks.nWhen we see people who are struggling,he says,thoseassumptions lead us to the perception that people in poverty are lazy,they dontcare,and they havent made the right decisions.*K)Does this sound familiar Similar ideas surround poverty in the U.S.And theseassumptions give a false picture of reality.0 When people enter into that pattern ofthinking,says Kendall-Taylor,its cognitively comfortable to make sense ofissues of poverty in that way.It creates a kind of cognitive blindness一all of thefactors external to a persons drive and choices that theyve made become invisibleand fade from view.”L)Those external factors include the difficulties accompanying low-wage work orstructural discrimination based on race,gender,or ability.Assumptions get worsewhen people who are poor use government benefits to help them survive.There isa great tension between the poor and those who are receiving what has become adirty word:welfare.M)According to the General Social Survey,71 percent of respondents believe thecountry is spending too little on assistance to the poor.On the other hand,22percent think we are spending too little on welfare：37 percent believe we arespending too much.N)Poverty has been interchangeable with people of color-specifically black womenand black mothers,says Atkinson of Mothering Justice.Its true that blackmothers are more affected by poverty than many other groups,yet they are.disproportionately the face of poverty.For example,Americans routinelyoverestimate the share of black recipients of public assistance programs.O)In reality,most people will experience some form of financial hardship at somepoint in their lives.Indeed,people tend to dip in and out of poverty,perhaps due tounexpected obstacles like losing a job,or when hours of a low-wage job fluctuate.P)Something each of us can do is to treat each other with the dignity and sympathythat is deserved and to understand deeply that the issue of poverty touches all of us.36.One legislative staffer assumed that a woman of color who advocated affordablechildcare must be a single mother.37.People from different races,genders,and regions all suffer from a lack of financialsecurity.38.According to a survey,while the majority believe too little assistance is given tothe poor,more than a third believe too much is spent on welfare.39.A research group has found that Americans who are struggling are thought to belazy and to have made the wrong decisions.40.Under the old system in America,a mother was supposed to stay home and takecare of her children.41.It was found that nearly 50%of Americans are poor or receive low pay.42.Americans usually overestimate the number of blacks receiving welfare benefits.43.It is impossible for Americans to lift themselves out of poverty entirely on t
