2021年中考英语复习情态动词考点详解.pdf

考点09情态动词命 题 趋 势命题趋势情态动词是初中英语里的一个重要的语法项目，也是全国各省市中考试题的考查热点。在备战中考时，考生要牢记情态动词的结构和意义以及其表示推测时的用法。考查题型：从命题形式来看，情态动词多以单项选择、完形填空为主。考查重点：从近年的中考试题来看，情态动词有以下考查重点。1.情态动词的意义；2.情态动词的基本句型；3.情态动词的基本用法。,考 点 考 荷 概述：情态动词态动词(Modal verbs)本身有一定的词义，但不完整，不能独立作谓语，只能和动词原形一起构成谓语。情态动词用在行为动词前.,它们表示说话人的能力、说话人的语气或情态。情态动词虽然数量不多，但用途广泛，主要有下列：can(could),may(might),must,need,ought to,dare(dared),shall(should),will(would)must等。情态动词无人称和数的变化,情态动词后面跟的动词须用原形，否定式构成是在情态动词后面加“not”。个别情态动词有现在式和过去式两种形式，过去式用来表达更加客气，委婉的语气，时态性不强，可用于过去，现在或将来。情态动词属非及物动词，故没有被动语态。例如：I can dance.(我会跳舞。)can,能，会He can walk because he is a baby.(因为他是个婴儿，不会走路。)ca n t,不必May I come i n?(我可以进来吗？)m ay,可以范卷情态动词用法详解情态动词用法例句can/could表示能力,意为 能，会 1 can read this sentence in English.我能用英语读这句话。1表示许可时，意 为”可以，能够”，相 当 于 mayShe said that I could use her computer.她说我可以使用她的电脑。用于推测，表示可能性，意为可 能 ，could比 can更加不肯定，多用于否定或疑问句The man cant be our teacher-he has gone toBeijing.那个男人不可能是我们的老师，他去北京了。There is someone outside who can it be?有 人在外面，可能是谁呢？may/might表示允许或许可，意为 可以May I use your phone?我可以用用你的电话吗？表示征询许可时，might比 may的语气委婉一Might I ask fbr a photograph of your littledaughter?我能要一张你小女儿的照片吗？一Yes,you may.是的，你可以。用于表推测时，是 可 能，或许 之 意，might语气更加不肯定，多用于肯定句He may be wrong,but Tm not sure.也许他错了，但我也不确定。She might be very busy now.她现在可能非常忙。must表示必须，一定要，指说话人的主观语气You must obey the school rules.你必须遵守校规。mustn,t表示禁止，意 为 千万不要，禁 止 ,是说话人强有力的劝告You mustnt play with the knife or you may hurtyourself.你禁止玩刀否则你可能会伤到自己。表示推测时，用于肯定句，意为 想必，一 定，否定句中用cant/couldnt 来代替This must be your room.这一定是你的房间。He must be eighty now.他现在想必有八十岁了。will表示意志、愿望和决心，常译为 愿 意 If you will help us,we shall be very grateful.如果你愿意帮助我们，我们将不胜感激。用于第二人称疑问句，表示请求或建议等Will you have dinner with me tonight?今天晚上和我一起吃饭好吗？2表示习惯性动作或某种倾向，多用于现在时，常译为 总是Kate will sit there,waiting for her daughter tocome back.凯特总是坐在那儿等女儿回来。would作 为 will的过去式，可表示过去的意志、愿望或决心等，意 为 愿 意 He promised he would never smoke again.他 承诺他再也不吸烟了。表示过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向Their English teacher would tell them stories inEnglish after class.他们的英语老师总是在课后用英语给他们讲故事。用于第二人称疑问句中，表示现在的请求、建议，比 will的语气委婉Would you please pass the English-Chinesedictionary on to Mary?请把这本英汉词典传给玛丽好吗？shall用于第一、三人称疑问句，表示征求对方意见Shall we begin now?我们现在就开始吗?，Tom is waiting outside.Shall he come in,sir?汤姆正在门外等着，可以让他进来吗，先生？用于第二、三人称陈述句时，表示命令、警告、允诺或威胁等Yon shall fail if you don,?t work hard.如果你不努力工作，你就会失败。shouldshall的过去式，用于第一、三人称，多用于间接引语中，以征求对方意见I asked the manager if I should have a few daysoff.我问经理我是否可以请几天假。表示义务，职责时，意 为 应当，应 该 ，往往表示说话者的观点You should go to school on time,你应当按时到校。表示惊讶、遗憾等，意为 竟然，居然need表 示”需要，必 须 ，多用于疑问句和否定句Need you go so soon?你需要这么早走吗？You needn come so early.你不必来这么早。3have to表示不得不，说明客观条件只能如此；有时态形式的变化；否定式 dont have to 意 为 不 必“(=neednt)My brother was very ill,so I had to call the doctorin the midnight.我弟弟病得厉害，我只得半夜里把医生请来。I havent got any money with me,so Fil have toborrow some from my friend.我身上没带钱，只好向朋友借点了。情态动词用法归纳1.表推测及可能性。may,might,can,could,will,would 表示“可能”或 预测；，shall,should 用于表示“必定”；must用于表示“必定”，必会；ought to 表“应该为”。2.与时态相关。can为现在式，其 过 去 式 为 could；may为现在式，其 过 去 式 为 might；shall为现在式，其 过 去 式 为 should；will为现在式，其 过 去 式 为 would.3.表示能力的用法。can表示能力，意思是“能，会”，其否定式cant表示“不能“。在过去时中用could和 couldnto be able to 可以表示“能力”用于各种时态。4.表“意愿，打算“，常用词为 will,would,shall,should.在这里，would,should 要比 will,shall更委婉，更客气。need表“需要”；dare表示“敢”。5.表示“请求，许可”，常用词为 can,could,will,would,shall,should,may,might,musto6.态度。may,can,could,shall,should,may,might,must,ought to 用 于 表 示 禁 止 不准 ；“应该“必须“可以“。例如：might可以表示委婉的批评或责备。You might at least have answeredmy letter.你至少可以回我一封信吗。7.祝愿”.May you+动 词 原 形 意 为“祝愿.如：May you succeed!祝你成功！8.情态动词与虚拟语气.常见于should+动词原形；情态动词+have过去分词。备注：Should在虚拟语气中要省略，为情态动词要保持。【知识拓展】一1 can的一般疑问句，肯定回答用Yes,.can；否定回答用No,.cant。Can you play the piano?你会弹钢琴吗？4Yes,lean.是的，我会。/No,I cant不，我不会。2 can,could和 be able to 的区别：can只有现在式和过去式，而 be able to 可以用于各种时态；can(could)表示能力时，可 用 be able to代替。I can(am able to)afford the car.我能买得起这辆小汽车。She has been able to come to school.她已经能去学校 了I could(=was able to)drive a car before I left school.毕业前我就会开车。【知识拓展】二1 may 的一般疑问句，肯定回答用 Yes,.may./Yes,of course./Yes,certainly；否定回答用N o,cant/mustnt。一Might/May I smoke in this room?我可以在这间屋子里抽烟吗？Yes,you m ay.是的，你可以。/No,you canm ustn,t.不，不可以。2用于表示推测时，may和 might一般不用于疑问句，而在疑问句中，常 使 用 can；在否定句中，may not/might not 意为”可能不，而 cant/couldnt 意 为 不可能。The young people might not like the idea.年轻人可能不喜欢这个主意。It can/couldn be our headmaster.He has gone to America.那人不可能是我们校长。他已经去美国了。【知识拓展】三1.must 的一般疑问句，肯定回答为Yes,.must.；否定回答为No,.neednt./No,.dont have to.一Must I clean the classroom now?我必须现在打扫教室吗？一Yes,you m ust.是的，你必须。/No,you dont have to./No,you neednt.不，你不必。2.must 和 have to 的区别：用 must表 示“必 须”的意思时，通常着重于说话者的主观看法，认为有必要去做某事；而have to 着重于客观需要，含 有“不得不”的意思。We must study English hard.我们必须努力学习英语。You are ill today.You have to see a doctor.你今天病 了，不得不去看医生。用 must表 示“必 须”，只有现在时态的形式，如果要表示过去时或将来时的“必 须 ，就要用 have to 的相应形式。You must drive fast to catch the tim e.你必须开车开快点来赶时间。They will have to leave tomorrow morning.他们必须明天早晨起程。5【知识拓展】四would like 意为 愿意，想 要；would like/love to do sth 意为 愿意/想要做某事；would like sbto do sth意 为”想要某人做某事 oWould you like a cup of tea?你想喝杯茶吗？Would you like to sing a song?你想唱首歌吗？I would like you to wake me up at 5:30 tomorrow morning.我想让你在明天早晨 5:30 叫醒我。【知识拓展】五need的一般疑问句，肯定回答为Yes,.must.；否定回答为N o,.neednt.一Need he finish the article next week?他需要下星期完成这篇文章吗？Yes,he m ust.是的，他必须完成。/No,he neednt.不，他不需要。觉 忆 技 巧情态动词的用法口诀：情态动词两要点，动词原形跟后边，说话语气较委婉。can表“能力”，may“许可”，must“责任”或“义务”。否定答语neednt换，“需要”need,dare 敢 should“应该，would 愿 haveto“被迫”表客观。1.（2020 山东）一Mum,it too hot.I swim in the lake?No,you.Thats too dangerous!A.Should;cant B.Need;mustnt C.Must;neednt2.（202（）湖南）May I take the magazine out of the reading room?一No,you.Please read it hereA.mustnt B.wouldnt C.needntD.Could;mustntD.cant3.（2020 甘肃）Whose cap is this?Is it Cindys?It be hers.Dont you remember she even didnt come to the party?A.cant B.might C.may not D.must4.（2020 江苏）一Will you stay here for dinner with us?Sorry,I.My mother is waiting for me at home.6A.mustntB.cantC.needntD.couldnt5.（2020 甘肃）The magazine Lucys.We can see her name on the cover.A.mustnt be B.cant be C.must be D.neednt be6.Jean have kept his promise.I wonder why he changed his idea.A.must B.should C.need D.would 7.（2020 江苏）According to the notice,guests at this hotel use the sports center at noextra cost.A.can B.should C.must D.need8.Jane have come to the party,but she not find the exact time.A.could;could B.might;could C.should;could D.should;would9.（2020 四川）一Mum,may I play computer games this evening?一No way,you finish your homework.A.can B.must C.may D.will10.（2020 山东）As middle school students,we follow the public rules wherever we go.A.would B.should C.might D.could11.（2020 江苏）一Some people dont show their talents at the very beginning.I agree.Even Einstein read until he was seven.A.cant B.mustnt C.couldnt D.neednt12.（2020 泰州）一This task is really beyond me.一Well,if you solve it,you wont get paid.A.cant B.neednt C.mustnt D.shouldnt 13.（2020 温州）We dont allow taking magazines out,but you copy the article you needon the machine over there.A.can B.must14.（2020 湖北省）一Try this soup you_C.should_ like it,D.wouldWow!This is delicious!A.must B.willC.shallD.can15.（2020 湖北）一May I join the art club,Dad?一If you have interest,you_.A.should B.canC.have toD.must716.（2020 江苏）Mum,may I go to see a film with my cousin?You go if you have finished your homework.A.must B.need C.should D.can17.（2020 北京）Li l y,you finish the letter in ten minutes?Yes,I can.A.must B.should C.need D.can 18.（2020 广东）Dirty air and water are harmful.They kill plants,and even people.A.can B.cant C.should D.shouldnt19.（2020 河南）Jerry didn9t pay me back,but he promised that hethis Sunday.A.mustB.couldC.wouldD.should20.（2020 广东）So many mistakes in your homework!You more careful.A.may be B.had to C.would be D.should have been21.（2020 江苏）I parked my bike behind the building,but now it is gone.It.A.may be stolenB.must be stolenC.must have been stolenD.must have stolen22.（2020 河南）Dirty air and water are harmful.They kill plants,and even people.A.can B.cant C.should D.shouldnt受模拟 检 测1.（湖北省）一Do you know where Colin is?I couldnt find him anywhere.一He have gone far.His coat is still here.A.mustnt B.shouldnt C.cant D.neednt2.（天津）一2m a little tired.Lets go to the zoo by taxi.We take a taxi.Its not far from here.A.cant B.neednt C.couldnt D.mustnt3.（江苏）一Must I go to medical school and be a doctor like you,Dad?No,you,son.Youre free to make your own decision.A.cant B.shouldnt C.neednt D.mustnt84.（河南）Nowadays,some robots are very humanlike.They even dance.A.can B.must C.need D.have to5.（北京）Must we leave the library before 5 oclock?一No,you.You can stay here until 5:30.A.neednt B.cant C.mustnt D.shouldnt 6.（天津）Look!The man at the gate be our headmaster.He is always standing thereevery morning.No,it be him.He is holding a meeting in the office now.A.must;cant B.must;mustnt C.cant;cant D.cant;mustnt7.（山 东）The dictionary at the Lost and Found office be Tims,because his name is on itscorner.A.can B.cant C.must D.mustnt8.（广东）一 I return the book today,Mr.Lin?No,you.You can keep it for two days.A.May;mustnt B.Must;mustnt C.Must;neednt D.Can;shouldnt9.（海南）一Is Tony knocking at the door?No,it be Tony.He has gone to Sanya.A.mustnt B.cant C.wont10.（山西）一Must I bring my student card every time I enter the library?一Im afraid you.The library is open only to teachers and students in our school.A.have to B.mustnt C.need D.dont have to9