2023年考研英语一真题及答案解析.docx

2023年考研英语一(答案及解析)Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) from each numbered blank and mark A, Bz C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)Could a hug a day keep the doctor away? The answer may be a resounding "yes!"1_ helping you feel close and _2 to people you care about, it turns out that hugs can bring a 3_ of health benefits to yourbody and mind. Believe it or not, a warm embrace might even help you _4 getting sick this winter.In a recent study 5_ over 400 healthy adults,researchers from Carnegie Mellon University in Pennsylvania examined the effects of perceived social support and the receipt of hugs 6_ the participants' susceptibility to developing the common cold after being 7_ to the virus. People who perceived greatersocial support were less likely to come 8_ with a cold, and the researchers _9 that the stress-reducingeffects of hugging 10_ about 32 percent of that beneficial effect.11_ among those who got a cold, the ones who felt greater social support and received more frequent hugs had less severe _12."Hugging protects people who are under stress from the 13_ risk for colds that's usually_14 with stress," Notes sheldon Cohen, a professor of psychology at Carnegie. Hugging "is a marker of intimacy and helps _15 the feeling that others are there to help 16_difficulty."Some experts 17_ the stress-reducing,health-related benefits of hugging to the release of oxytocin,often called"the bonding hormone" _18 it promotes attachment in relationships, including that betweenmothers and their newborn babies. Oxytocin is made primarily in the central lower part of the brain, and some of it is released into the bloodstream. But some of it 19_ in the brain, where it _20 mood, behavior and physiology.Text 3Robert F. Kennedy once said that a country's GDP measures ''everything except that which makes life worthwhile/ With Britain voting to leave the European Union, and GDP already predicted to slow as a result, it is now a timely moment to assess what he was referring to.The question of GDP and its usefulness has annoyed policymakers for over half a century. Many argue that it is a flawed concept. It measures things that do not matter and misses things that do. By most recent measures, the UK's GDP has been the envy of the Western world, with record low unemployment and high growth figures. If everything was going so well, then why did over17 million people vote for Brexit, despite the warnings about what it could do to their country's economic prospects?A recent annual study of countries and their ability to convert growth into well-being sheds some light on that question. Across the 163 countries measured, the UK is one of the poorest performers in ensuring that economic growth is translated into meaningful improvements for its citizens. Rather than just focusing on GDP, over 40 different sets of criteria from health, education and civil society engagement have been measured to get a more rounded assessment of how countries are performing.While all of these countries face their own challenges, there are a number of consistent themes. Yes, there has been a budding economic recovery since the 2023 global crash, but in key indicators in areas such as health and education, major economies have continued to decline. Yet this isn/t the case with all countries. Some relatively poor European countries have seen huge improvements across measures including civil society, income equality and environment.This is a lesson that rich countries can learn: When GDP is no longer regarded as the sole measure of a country's success, the world looks very different.So what Kennedy was referring to was that while GDP has been the most common method for measuring the economic activity of nations, as a measure, it is no longer enough. It does not include important factors such as environmental quality or education outcomes - all things that contribute to a person's sense of well-being.The sharp hit to growth predicted around the world and in the UK could lead to a decline in the everyday services we depend on for our well-being and for growth. But policymakers who refocus efforts on improving well-being rather than simply worrying about GDP figures could avoid the forecasted doom and may even see progress. 31. Robert F. Kennedy is cited because he Apraised the UK for its GDP.Bidentified GDP with happiness.Cmisinterpreted the role of GDP.D had a low opinion of GDP.答案D答案说明首先要找到例子所对应的观点，例子出现在第一段的第一句，其次句是其对 应的观点，与选项had a low opinion of GDP是同义替换。故答案D。32. It can be inferred from Paragraph 2 that Athe UK is reluctant to remold its economic pattern.Bthe UK will contribute less to the world economy.CGDP as the measure of success is widely defied in the UK.Dpolicymakers in the UK are paying less attention to GDP.答案说明依据其次段第四句话，英国的GDP是西方世界的艳羡对象，第五句话话锋一转，假如 一切都运作正常的话，为什么一千七百万人选择脱欧。暗指英国否认GDP的贡献。故答案C.33. Which of the following is true about the recent annual study?AIt excludes GDP as an indicator.Blt is sponsored by 163 countries.Clts criteria are questionable.Dlts results are enlightening.答案D答案说明依据题干recent annual study定位到第三段第一句话一项最近关于国家和他们增加华蜜感 实力的年度探讨报告给这个问题一些启发是Its results are enlightening的同 义替换。故答案D。34. In the last two paragraphs, the author suggests that Athe UK is preparing for an economic boom.Bhigh GDP foreshadows an economic decline.Cit is essential to consider factors beyond GDP.Dit requires caution to handle economic issues.答案c答案说明依据题干可以看出，答案来源句是第一段的其次句话，这句话的意思是，尽管it指的是美 国最高法庭撤销了弗吉尼亚州长Robert Mcdonnell的腐败罪名，但是他们却对他的行为准则嗤之以鼻。文中的holding its nose at the ethics of his conduct是选项C中was contemptuous of McDonnell's conduct的同义改写，故答案为Co35. Which of the following is the best for the text?AHigh GDP But Inadequate Well-being, a UK lessonBGDP figures, a Window on Global Economic HealthC Robert F. Kennedy, a Terminator of GDPDBrexit, the UK's Gateway to Well-being答案A答案说明全文围围着GDP反映民生华蜜的内容绽开，所以带有GDP的选项优先。正确答案在AB中 选择，选择B中明显说GDP对于健康经济的指引，与全文主线冲突。选项A中的lesson 一词文中也出现 过。故答案为A。Text 4In a rare unanimous ruling, the US Supreme Court has overturned the corruption conviction of a former Virginia governor; Robert McDonnell. But it did so while holding its nose at the ethics of his conduct, which included accepting gifts such as a Rolex watch and a Ferrari Automobile from a company seeking access to government.The high court's decision said the judge in Mr. McDonnell's trail failed to tell a jury that it must look only at his '"official acts/ or the former governor's decisions on “specific" and "unsettled" issues related to his duties.Merely helping a gift-giver gain access to other officials, unless done with clear intent to pressure those officials, is not corruption, the justices found.The court did suggest that accepting favors in return for opening doors is “distasteful" and "nasty." But under anti-bribery laws, proof must be made of concrete benefits, such as approval of a contract or regulation. Simply arranging a meeting, making a phone call, or hosting an event is not an "/official act/The court's ruling is legally sound in defining a kind of favoritism that is not criminal. Elected leaders must be allowed to help supporters deal with bureaucratic problems without fear of prosecution of bribery. zzThe basic compact underlying representative government/ wrote Chief Justice John Roberts for the court, “assumes that public officials will hear from their constituents and act on their concerns/But the ruling reinforces the need for citizens and their elected representatives, not the courts, to ensure equality of access to government. Officials must not be allowed to play favorites in providing information or in arranging meetings simply because an individual or group provides a campaign donation or a personal gift. This type of integrity requires will-enforced laws in government transparency, such as records of official meetings, rules on lobbying, and information about each elected leader's source of wealth.Favoritism in official access can fan public perceptions of corruption. But it is not always corruption. Rather officials must avoid double standards, or different types of access for average people and the wealthy. If connections can be bought, a basic premise of democratic society - that all are equal in treatment by government- is undermined. Good government rests on an understanding of the inherent worth of each individual.The court's ruling is a step forward in the struggle against both corruption and official favoritism.36. The underlined sentence(Para.l) most probably shows that the court A avoided defining the extent of McDonnell's duties.B made no compromise in convicting McDonnell.C was contemptuous of McDonnell's conduct.D refused to comment on McDonnell's ethics.答案说明依据题干可以看出，答案来源句是第一段的其次句话，这句话的意思是，尽管it指的是美 国最高法庭撤销了弗吉尼亚州长Robert Mcdonnell的腐败罪名，但是他们却对他的行为准则嗤之以鼻。文中的holding its nose at the ethics of his conduct是选项C中was contemptuous of McDonnell's conduct的同义改写,故答案为Co37. According to Paragraph 4, an official act is deemed corruptive only if it involves A concrete returns for gift-givers.B sizable gains in the form of gifts.C leaking secrets intentionally.D breaking contracts officially.答案A答案说明题干中提到官员腐败定罪的条件，原文中第四段其次句说，在反贿赂法中定罪证据必需要 涉及到具体利益，比如批准合同或规定。选项A中的concrete returns与原文中concrete benefits意思相 同，选项A的意思是送礼人的有形回报，故答案为A。38. The court's ruling is d on the assumption that public officials are A allowed to focuson the concerns of their supporters.B qualified to deal independently with bureaucratic issues.C justified in addressing the needs of their constituents.D exempt from conviction on the charge of favoritism.答案c答案说明题干的中心词the assumption that public officials可以定位在第五段的其次句 话，该句表明代议制政府的基本法律条约认为官员应当听取选民的看法并且解决他们关切的问题，选项 中只有C提到了选民，且意思为解决选民需求的行为是正值的，与原文意思相近，故选C。39. Well-enforced laws in government transparency are needed to A awaken the conscience of officials.B guarantee fair play in official access.C allow for certain kinds of lobbying.DJ inspire hopes in average people.答案B答案说明题干的Well-enforced laws in government transparency出现在第六段的第三 句话这类诚信须要在政府透亮度上加大法律执行力度，并且这类诚信指本段第一句话equality of access to government,即与政府的同等沟通。选项B中的guarantee与原文第一句话中的ensure 同义,而fair play"公允竞争与原文中equality同义，同时in official access就相当于原文中的access to government,故而答案选B。40. The author's attitude toward the court's ruling isA sarcastic.B tolerant C skeptical. D supportive.答案D答案说明题干问及作者对法院裁决的看法，而文中的最终一段提到法院的裁决在与官员腐败与徇私 枉法的斗争中取得了进步，通过原文中st即forward进步，我们可以推断出作者对于法院裁决持支持看 法。故答案D。Part BDirections:The following paragraphs are given in a wrong order. For Questions 41-45, you are required to reo rganize these paragraphs into a coherent article by choosing from the list A-E to fill in each numbe red box. The first and the last paragraphs have been placed for you in Boxes. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.A The first published sketch, /ZA Dinner at Poiar Walk" brought tears to Dickens/ eyes when he discovered it in the pages of The Monthly Magazine From then on his sketches, which appeared under the pen name "Boz" in The Evening Chronicle, earned him a modest reputation. B The runaway success of The Pickwick Papers, as it is generally known today, secured Dicken's fame. There were Pickwick coats and Pickwick cigars, and the plump, spectacled hero, Samuel Pickwick, because a national figure.C Soon after Sketches by Boz appeared, a publishing firm approached Dickens to write a story in monthly installments, as a backdrop for a series of woodcuts by the then-famous artist Robert Seymour, who had originated the idea for the story. With characteristic confidence, Dickens successfully insisted that Seymour ' s pictures illustrate his own story instead. After the first installment, Dickens wrote to the artist and asked him to correct a Drawing Dickens felt, was not faithful enough to his prose. Seymour made the Change, went into his backyard, and expressed his displeasure by committing suicide. Dickens and his publishers simple pressed on with a new artist.The comic novel, The Posthumous Papers of the Pickwick Club, appeared serially in 1836 and 1837 and was first published in book form in 1837.DCharcles Dickens is probably the best-known and, to many people, the greatest English novelist of the 19th century. Amoralist, satirist, and social reformer, Dickens crafted complex plots and striking characters that capture the panorama of English society .Dickens's greatest wound and became his deepest secret. He could not confide them even to his wife, although they provide the unacknowledged foundation of his fiction.ESoon after his father' s release from prison, Dickens got a better job as errand boy in law offices. He taught himself shorthand to get an even better job later as a court stenographer and as a reporter in Parliament. At the same time, Dickens, who had a reporter's eye for transcribing the life around him, especially anything comic or odd, submitted short sketches to obscure magazines.FDickens was born in Portsmouth, on England's southern coast. His father was a clerk in the British Navy Pay office a respectable position, but with little social status. His paternal grandparents, a steward and a housekeeper, possessed even less status, having been servants, and Dickens later concealed their background. Dickens ' mother supposedly came from a more respectable family. Yet two years before Dickens' birth, his mothers/ father was caught stealing and fled to Europe, never to return. The family's increasing poverty forced Dickens out of school at age 12 to work in Warren ' s Blacking Warehouse, a shop-polish factory, where the other working boys mocked him as "the young gentleman/ His father was then imprisoned for debt.The humiliations of his father ' s imprisonment and his labor in the blacking factory formed Dickens' greatest wound and became his deepest secret. He could not confine them even to his wife, although they provide the unacknowledged foundation of his fiction.G After Pickwick,Dickens plunged into a bleaker world.In Oliver Twist,he traces an orphan's progress from the workhouse to the criminal slums of London.Nicholas Nickleby,his next novel, combines the darkness of Oliver Twist with the sunlight of Pickwick.The polularity of these novels consolidated Dickens' as a nationally and internationally celebrated man of letters.41 .答案F答案说明文章给出的第一段即为D段，该段引出了著名作家狄更斯。段落F明确地说明白狄更斯的 出身和家庭背景，从这里可以推想出文章是依据时间依次介绍狄更斯的生平阅历。42 .答案E答案说明本段的第一句话中soon after his father's release from prison正好对应了 F段后半部分提到的his father was then imprisoned for debt通过这种事务发生的前后关系我们可以推断出E段在F段之后。43 .答案A答案说明在A段开头的the first published sketch对应了 E段的最终一句话的Dickens submitted short sketches to obscure magazines,这两句中第一次提到起先撰写并出版小品文。A 段的其次句中提到他起先运用笔名Boz来写作。44 .答案C答案说明本段的开