小学英语语法及练习讲义（2024年完美版）.docx

语法及练习语法及练习1 be动词Be动词的用法：(1) Amwas Is was Arewere 口诀：我用 am,你用 are, is 用在他她 它，复数全用are。(2) 肯定和否定句 I am (not) from London. He is (not) a teacher. She is(not) in the dining room. My hair is (not) long. Her eyes are(not) small.(3) 一般疑问句 Am I a Chinese? Yes, you are. No, you aren, t. Are they American? Yes, they are. No, they aren, t. Is the cat fat? Yes, it is. No, it isn, t.用恰当的be动词填空。1. I a boy.you a boy? No, I not.2. The girl Jack's sister.3. The dog tall and fat.4. The man with big eyes a teacher.5. your brother in the classroom?6. Where your mother? She at home.7. How your father?8. Mike and Lin Tao at school.9. Whose dress this?10. Whose socks they?11. That my red skirt.但疑问词当主语时其结构为：疑问词不达意+ be +动词ing?动词加ing的变化规则1 . 一般情况下，直接加ing,如：cook-cooking2 .以不发音的 e 结尾，去 e 加 ing,如：make-making, taste-tasting3 .如果末尾是一个元音字母和一个辅音字母，双写末尾的辅音字母，再加 ing,如：run-running? stop-stopping现在进行时专项练习：一、写出下列动词的现在分词：playrunswimmakego like write skiread have sing danceput see love livetake come get stopsit begin shop二、用所给的动词的正确形式填空：1 .The boy( draw)a picture now.2 . Listen .Some girls( sing)in the classroom .3 . My mother( cook )some nice food now.4 . What you( do ) now?5 . Look . They( have) an English lesson .6 .They(not ,water) the flowers now.7 .Look! the girls(dance )in the classroom .8 .What is our granddaughter doing? She(listen ) to music.9 . It' s 5 o' clock now. We(have)supper now10 .Helen(wash )clothes? Yes ,she is.三、句型转换：1. They are doing housework (分别改成一般疑问句和否定句)2. The students are cleaning the classroom.(改一般疑问句并作肯定和 否定回答)3. r m playing the football in the playground.(对划线部分进行提问)4. Tom is reading books in his study.(对戈ij线部分进行提问)语法及练习6将来时将来时表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。句中一般有以 F时间状语：tomorrow, next day(week? month, year-),soon, the day after tomorrow (后天)等。二、基本结构：be going to + do;will+ do.三、否定句：在be动词(am, is, are) 1后加not或情态动词will后加not 成 won' to例如：r m going to have a picnic this afternoon.- I' m not going tobe或will提到句首,have a picnic this afternoon.四、一般疑问句: some改为any, and改为or,第一二人称互换。例如： We are going to go on an outing this weekend. Are you going to go on an outing this weekend?五、对划线部分提问：一般情况，一般将来时的对划线部分有三种情况。1 .问人° Who 例如：I' m going to New York soon. Who, s going to New York soon.2 .问干什么。What do.例如： My father is going to watch a race with me this afternoon. What is your father going to do with you this afternoon.3 .问什么时候。When.例如：She' s going to go to bed at nine. -When is she going to bed?六、同义句:be going to = willI am going to go swimming tomorrow （明天）.=I will go swimming tomorrow.练习：填空。1. 我打算明天和朋友去野炊。I have a picnic with my friends.I have a picnic with my friends.2. 下个星期一你打算去干嘛？我想去打篮球。Whatnext Monday?I play basketball. What you do nextMonday?I play basketball.3. 你妈妈这个周末去购物吗？是，她要去买一些水果。your mothergo shopping this? Yes,she She buy some fruit.4. 你们打算什么时候见面。What time you meet?改句子。5. Nancy is going to go camping.（改否定）Nancy going to go camping.6. r 11 go and join them.（改否定）I go join them.7. r m going to get up at 6:30 tomorrow.(改一般疑问句)to get up at 6:30 tomorrow?8. We will meet at the bus stop at 10:30.(改一般疑问句)meet at the bus stop at 10:30.9. She is going to listen to music after school.(对戈ij线部分提问) she after school?10. My father and mother are going to see a play the day after tomorrow.(同上)going to see a play the day after tomorrow.用所给词的适当形式填空。11. Today is a sunny day. We(have) a picnic this afternoon.12. My brother(go) to Shanghai next week.13. Tom often(go) to school on foot. But today is rain. He(go) to school by bike.14. What do you usually do at weekends? I usually(watch) TV and(catch) insects?15. It' s Friday today. What she(do) this weekend?She(watch) TV and(catch) insects.16. What(dO) you do last Sunday? I(pick) apples on a farm.What(do) next Sunday? I(milk) cows.17. Mary(visit) her grandparents tomorrow.18. Mike(fly) kites in the playground yesterday.19. David(give) a puppet show next Monday.20. I(plan) for my study now.语法及练习7 一般过去时一般过去时1. 一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，常和表示过去的 时间状语连用。一般过去时也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作感谢。2. Be动词在一般过去时中的变化：(l)am 和is在一般过去时中变为was。(was not=wasn, t)are在一般过去时中变为 wereo (were not=werenJ t)带有was或were的句子，其否定、疑问的变化和is, am, are 一样，即否 定句在was或were后加not, 一般疑问句把was或were调到句首。3. 句中没有be动词的一般过去时的句子否定句：didn, t + 动词原形,如：Jim didn, t go home yesterday.一般疑问句：在句首加did,句子中的动词过去式变回原形。如：Did Jim go home yesterday?特殊疑问句：疑问词+did+主语+动词原形？如：What did Jim do yesterday?疑问词当主语时：疑问词+动词过去式？如：Who went to home yesterday?动词过去式变化规则：1 . 一般在动词末尾加-ed,如：pull-pulled, cook-cooked2 .结尾是 e 加 d,如：taste-tasted3 .末尾只有一个元音字母和一个辅音字母的重读闭音节，应双写末尾的辅音 字母,再加-ed,如:stop-stopped4 .以“辅音字母+y”结尾的，变y为i,再加-ed,如：study-studied5 . 不规贝动词过去式： am,is-was, are-were, do-did, see-saw, say-said, give-gave, get-got, go-went, come-came, have-had, eat-ate, take-took, run-ran, sing-sang, put-put, make-made, read-read, write-wrote, draw-drew, drink-drank, fly-flew, ride-rode, speak-spoke, sweep- swept, swim-swam? sit-sat过去时练习：写出下列动词的过去式isamflyplantaredrink play go makedoes dance worry asktaste eat draw putthrow kick pass doBe动词的过去时练习一、用be动词的适当形式填空。1. I an English teacher now.2. She happy yesterday.3. They glad to see each other last month.4. Helen and Nancy good friends.5. The little dog two years old this year.6. Look, there lots of grapes here.7. There a sign on the chair on Monday.8. Today the second of June. Yesterday the first of June.It ChildrenJ s Day. All the students very excited.二、句型转换。1 There was a car in front of the house just now.否定句：一般疑问句：肯、否定回答：三、中译英。1 .我的故事书刚才还在手表旁边C2 .他们的外套上个礼拜放在卧室里了。3 . 一会以前花园里有两只小鸟。行为动词的过去时练习一、用be动词的适当形式填空。1. I(watch) a cartoon on Saturday.2. Her father(read) a newspaper last night.3. We to zoo yesterday, we to the park, (go)4. you(visit) your relatives last Spring Festival?5. he(fly) a kite on Sunday? Yes, he.6. Mike(pull) up carrots last National Day holiday.7. I(sweep) the floor yesterday, but my mother8. What she(find) in the garden last morning? She(find) a beautiful butterfly.二、句型转换。1. They played football in the playground.否定句：一般疑问句：肯、否定回答：三、中译英C1 .格林先生去年住在中国。2 .昨天我们参观了农场。3 .他刚才在找他的手机。过去时综合练习(1)一、用动词的适当形式填空。1. It(be) Ben, s birthday last Friday.2. We all(have) a good time last night.3. He(jump) high on last Sports Day.4. Helen(milk) a cow on Friday.5. She likes newspapers, but she a book yesterday,(read)6. He football now, but they basketball just now. (play)7. Jim, s mother(plant) trees just now.8. they(sweep) the floor on Sunday? No, they.9. I(watch) a cartoon on Monday.10. We(go) to school on Sunday.二、中译英。1 .我们上周五看了一部电影。2 .他上个中秋节走亲访友了吗？是的。3 .你们上个儿童节做了什么？我们参观了动物园。13. The jeans on the desk.14. Here a scarf for you.15. Here some sweaters for you.16. The black gloves for Sue Yang.17. This pair of gloves for Yang Ling.18. The two cups of milk for me.19. Some tea in the glass.20. Lucy's shirt over there.21. My sister's name Nancy.22. This not Wang Fang's pencil.23. David and Helen from England?24. There a girl in the room.25. There some apples on the tree.26. there any kites in the classroom?27. there any apple juice in the bottle?28. There some bread on the plate.29. There a boy, two girls, three men and ten women in thepark.30. You, he and I from China.4.你上周在哪儿?在野营基地。过去时综合练习一、用动词的适当形式填空。1. It(be) the 2nd of November yesterday. Mr White(go) to his office by car.2. Mike(put) the book on his head a moment ago.3. Don, t the house. Mum it yesterday, (clean)4. What you just now? I some housework. (do)5. They(make) a kite a week ago.6. I want to apples. But my dad all of them last month,(pick)7. he the flowers this morning? Yes, he. (water)8. She(be) a pretty girl. Look, she(do) Chinese dances.9. The students often(draw) some pictures in the art room.10.What Mike do on the farm? He cows, (milk)二、中译英。1 .他的朋友在照看他的弟弟。2 .去年端午节我们没去看了龙舟比赛。3 .他在音乐课上拉小提琴了吗？不，没有。语法及练习8 There be句型与have, hasThere be句型与have, has的区别1、There be句型表示：在某地有某物(或人)2、在there be句型中，主语是单数，be动词用is ;主语是复数，be动词 用are;如有几件物品，be动词根据最*近be动词的那个名词决定。3、there be句型的否定句在be动词后加not , 一般疑问句把be动词调到 句首。4、there be句型与have(has)的区别：there be表示在某地有某物(或 人)；have(has)表示某人拥有某物。5、some和any在there be句型中的运用：some用于肯定句，any用 于否定句或疑问句。6、and和or在there be句型中的运用：and用于肯 定句，or用于否定句或疑问句。7、针对数量提问的特殊疑问句的基本结构是：How many +名词复数+ are there +介词短语？ How much +不可数名词+ is there +介词短语?8、针对主语提问的特殊疑问句的基本结构是：Whaf s+介词短语？Fill in the blank with "have,has" or “there is , there are”1. I a good father and a good mother.2. a telescope on the desk.3. He a tape-recorder.4. a basketball in the playground.5. She some dresses.6. They a nice garden.7. What do you?8. a reading-room in the building?9. What does Mike?10. any books in the bookcase?11. My father a story-book.12. a story-book on the table.13. any flowers in the vase?14. How many students in the classroom?15. My parents some nice pictures.16. some maps on the wall.17 .a map of the world on the wall.18 . David a telescope.19 . David' s friends some tents.20 .many children on the hill.Fill in the blank with " have, has ”1. I a nice puppet.2. He a good friend.3. They some masks.4. We some flowers.5. She a duck.6. My father a new bike.7. Her mother a vase.8. Our teacher an English book.9. Our teachers a basketball.10. Their parents some blankets11. Nancy many skirts.12. David some jackets.13. My friends a football.14. What do you?15. What does Mike?16. What do your friends?17. What does Helen?18. His brother a basketball.19. Her sister a nice doll.20. Miss Li an English book.条件句第一讲：条件句的概述以及现在时态的条件句条件句的概述：什么叫条件句？英文称作conditional sentences,指的是一个事实的发生需要依赖于另一个事实, 也就是需要一个条件才能发生，所以叫条件句。如果条件(condition)存在，则结果(consequence)发生condition consequence(2)条件句的分类：条件句分为两种：真实条件句和虚拟条件句真实条件句(real conditional):条件和结果在日常生活中都是真实发生的虚拟条件句(Unreal Conditional)：条件是假设的，想象的，通常都是不能实现的， 换句话说，只能意淫，不能成真。这里看好了，是条件是假设的，假设完条件, 结果建立在一个虚拟条件下，为真。(3)引导词,由if和when引导，if考点较多区别点1 ：If：指单次发生，或者较少发生的条件。比如我一年去小明家一次，那就用ifWhen ：只习惯性发生的条件。比如我经常去小明家，那就用when 区别点2 :If既可以用在真实条件句，也可以用在虚拟条件句When只能用在真实条件句(4)从时态上来讲，分为四种：现在 present过去past将来future混合mixed一个一个来看，讲法是先现在时态，分为真实，和虚拟，然后过去现在条件句(Present Conditionals)1,现在时态的真实条件句(Present Real Conditional)格式(form)If / When . Simple Present. Simple Present.If / When + 一般现在时态,一般现在时态. Simple Present. if / when . Simple Present.一般现在时态+ if / when + 一般现在时态(2)用法：The Present Real Conditional is used to talk about what you normally do in real- life situations.现在时态的真实条件句用来谈论现实生活中现在你平时做的Examples: If I go to a friend's house for dinner, I usually take a bottle of wine or some flowers.(如果我去朋友家吃饭，通常我会带一瓶酒和一些鲜花过去。)条件：如果我去朋友家吃饭 结果：我会带一瓶酒和一些鲜花过去 真实性：真实。平时确实是这么做的。时态：一般现在，说明过去我一直这么做，现在也这么做，并且很可能将来也这 么做下去。其他例子不一一分析，自行按照上述方法分析，写出条件，结果，真实性和时态 When I have a day off from work, I often go to the beach. If the weather is nice, she walks to work. Jerry helps me with my homework when he has time. I read if there is nothing on TV. A: What do you do when it rains?B: I stay at home. A: Where do you stay if you go to Sydney?B: I stay with my friends near the harbor.2,现在时态的虚拟条件句(Present Unreal Conditional)格式(Form)If. Simple Past would + verb .If + 一般过去时去would + verb . would + verb . if. Simple Past.would + verb . + if + 一般过去时态用法：The Present Unreal Conditional is used to talk about what you would generally do in imaginary situations.现在时态的虚拟条件句用来表达现在你想像中做的，条件是不真实的，是你想象 的，假设的。Examples:If I owned a car, I would drive to work. But I don't own a car.（如果我有车，我会开车去上班。但是我没有车）条件：如果我有车结果：我会开车去上班真实性：虚拟。我没有车，有车这个条件是我假设的，虚拟的。时态：一般现在，说明过去我一直这么想象，现在也这么想象，并且很可能将来 也这么想象下去。 She would travel around the world if she had more money. But she doesn't have much money. I would read more if I didn't watch so much TV. Mary would move to Japan if she spoke Japanese. If they worked harder, they would earn more money. A: What would you do if you won the lottery?8: I would buy a house. A: Where would you live if you moved to the U.S.?B: I would live in Seattle.在虚拟条件句中，只可以用if,不可以用when语法及练习2人称代词和物主代词人称代词和物主代词1 .人称代词主格和宾格的区别：主格通常位于句中第一个动词之前（有时候 位于than之后），宾格一般位于动词或介词之后。2 .物主代词形容词性与名词性的区别：形容词性用时后面一般要带上名词， 名词性则单独使用，后面不带名词。一 .填写代词表主格。Iitweyouthemhisyourhers二.用所给词的适当形式填空。1. That is notkite. That kite is very small, but isvery big. ( I )2. The dress is. Give it to. ( she )3. Is this watch? (you) No, it' s not. ( I )4. is my brother.name is Jack. Look! Those stamps are. ( he )5. dresses are red. (we) What color are? ( you )6. Here are many dolls, which one is? ( she )7. I can find my toy, but where' s? ( you )8. Show your kite, OK? (they)9. I have a beautiful cat.name is Mimi. These cakes are . (it)10. Are these tickets? No,are not.aren, t here. ( they )11. Shall have a look at that classroom? That isclassroom. ( we )12. is my aunt. Do you know job?anurse. ( she )13. That is not camera.is at home. ( he )14. Where are? I can, t find. Let' s call parents. ( they )15. Don' t touch.not a cat,a tiger!16. sister is ill. Please go and get. ( she )17. don' t know her name. Would you please tell. (we)18. So many dogs. Let' s count. ( they )19. I have a lovely brother.is only 3. I like verymuch. ( he )20. May I sit beside? ( you )21. Look at that desk. Those book are on. (it )22. The girl behind is our friend, (she )语法及练习3名词复数和动词三单一、名词复数规则1. 一般情况下,直接加-s,如：book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bedbeds2. 以 s. x. sh. ch 结尾,力口-es, 如：bus-buses, box-boxes, brushbrushes, watch-watches3. 以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i,再加-es,如：family-families, strawb erry-strawb erries4. 以“f或fe”结尾,变f或fe为v,再加-es,如：knife-knives5. 不规贝ij名词复数： man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, mouse-mice child-children foot-feet,.toothteeth fish-fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese练习：写出下列各词的复数。I himthisher watchbookchild photo diary day footdress tooth sheep box strawberrythief yo-yo peach sandwichman woman paper people二.动词三单的变化规则1. 一般情况下，直接加-s,如：cook-cooks, milk-milks2. 以 s. x. sh. ch. o 结尾,力口-es, 如：guess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes3.以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i,再加-es,如：study-studies练习：写出下列动词的第三人称单数。drinkgostaymake look havepass carrycomewatch plant flystudy brush teach语法及练习4 一般现在时一般现在时基本用法介绍一般现在时的功能1 .表示事物或人物的特征、状态。如：The sky is blue.天空是蓝色的。2 .表示经常性或习惯性的动作。如：I get up at six every day.我每天六点起 床。3 .表示客观现实。如：The earth goes around the sun.地球绕着太阳转。一般现在时的构成1 . be动词：主语+be(am,is,are)+其它。如：I am a boy.我是一个男孩。2 .行为动词：主语+行为动词(+其它)。如：We study English.我们学习英 语。当主语为第三人称单数(he, she,it)时，要在动词后加“-s"或"-es"。如：Mary li