2022年全国甲卷英语高考真题(解析版).pdf

2022 年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语英语注意事项：注意事项：1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。3.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分第一部分 听力（共两节，满分听力（共两节，满分 30 分）分）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节（共第一节（共 5 小题；每小题小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分分，满分 7.5 分）分）听下面听下面 5 段对话段对话。每段对话后有一个小题每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的从题中所给的 A、B、C 三个选项中三个选项中选出最佳选项选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后听完每段对话后，你都有你都有 10 秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。例：How much is the shirt?A.19.15.B.9.18.C.9.15.答案是 C。1.What does the man want to do?A.Have breakfast.B.Take a walk.C.Call his office.2.What was George doing last night?A.Having a meeting.B.Flying home.C.Working on a project.3.Why does the man suggest going to the park?A.Its big.B.Its quiet.C.Its new.4.How does the woman sound?A.Annoyed.B.Pleased.C.Puzzled.5.Where is the mans table?A.Near the door.B.By the window.C.In the corner.第二节（共第二节（共 15 小题；每小题小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分分，满分 22.5 分）分）听下面听下面 5 段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的 A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题每小题 5 秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出 5 秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。两遍。听第听第 6 段材料，回答第段材料，回答第 6、7 题。题。6.What are the speakers going to do tonight?A.Eat out.B.Go shopping.C.Do sports.7.What is the probable relationship between the speakers?A.Boss and secretary.B.Hostess and guest.C.Husband and wife.听第听第 7 段材料，回答第段材料，回答第 8、9 题。题。8.Why does the woman think July is the best time to move?A.Their business is slow.B.The weather is favorable.C.Its easy to hire people.9.How will they handle the moving?A.Finish it all at once.B.Have the sales section go first.C.Do one department at atime.听第听第 8 段材料，回答第段材料，回答第 10 至至 12 题。题。10.What did Peter learn from his grandfather?A.How to appreciate art works.B.How to deal with artists.C.How to run a museum.11.What did Peter do in Chicago?A.He studied at a college.B.He served in the army.C.He worked in a gallery.12.Whose works did Peter like best?A.Rembrandts.B.Botticellis.C.Rubens.听第听第 9 段材料，回答第段材料，回答第 13 至至 16 题。题。13.Where does the conversation take place?A.At a library.B.In a law firm.C.On a train.14.By what time did John plan to finish his term paper?A.March.B.August.C.October.15.Why did John quit his part-time job?A.He had to catch up with his study.B.He was offered a better one.C.He got tiredof it.16.What is Susans attitude to Johns problem?A.Carefree.B.Understanding.C.Forgiving.听第听第 10 段材料，回答第段材料，回答第 17 至至 20 题。题。17.What did the speaker do before the year 2012?A.Afitness coach.B.Achess player.C.Amarathon runner.18.Why was the 2016 Olympics important for the speaker?A.He was motivated by Bolt.B.He broke a world record.C.He won fifth place.19.Which is the hardest for the speaker?A.Getting over an injury.B.Doing strength training.C.Representing Botswana.20.What is the speaker mainly talking about?A.His plan to go for the gold.B.His experience on the track.C.His love for his home country.第二部分第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分阅读理解（共两节，满分 40 分）分）第一节（共第一节（共 15 小题：每小题小题：每小题 2 分，满分分，满分 30 分）分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C 和和 D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。四个选项中，选出最佳选项。ATheatres and EntertainmentSt Davids HallSt Davids Hall is the award winning National Concert Hall of Wales standing at the veryheart of Cardiffs entertainment centre.With an impressive 2,000-seat concert hall,St DavidsHall is home to the annual Welsh Proms Cardiff.It presents live entertainment,including pop,rock,folk,jazz,musicals,dance,world music,films and classical music.The Hayes,Cardiff CF 10 1 AHwww.stdavidshallcardiff.co.ukThe Glee ClubEvery weekend this is“Wales”premier comedy club where having a great time is the orderfor both audiences and comedy stars alike.It is hard to name a comedy star who hasnt been onthe stage here.If you are looking for the best comedies on tour and brilliant live music,you shouldstart here.Mermaid Quay,Cardiff Bay,Cardiff CF 10 5 BZwww.glee.co.uk/cardiffSherman CymruSherman Cymrus theatre in the Cathays area of Cardiff reopened in February 2012.Thisspecial building is a place in which theatre is made and where children,artists,writers and anyoneelse have the opportunity(机会)to do creative things.Sherman Cymru is excited to present apacked programme of the very best theatre,dance,family shows and music from Wales and therest of the world.Senghennydd Road,Cardiff CF 24 4 YEwww.shermancymru.co.ukNew TheatreThe New Theatre has been the home of quality drama,musicals,dance and childrens showsfor more than 100 years.Presenting the best of the West End along with the pick of the UKstouring shows,the New Theatre is Cardiffs oldest surviving traditional theatre.Be sure to pay avisit as part of your stay in the city.Park Place,Cardiff CF 10 3 LNwww.newtheatrecardiff.co.uk1.Where is the Welsh Proms Cardiff hosted?A.At the New Theatre.B.At the Glee Club.C.At Sherman Cymru.D.At St Davids Hall.2.What can people do at the Glee Club?A.Watch musicals.B.Enjoy comedies.C.See family shows.D.Do creative things.3.Which website can you visit to learn about Cardiffs oldest surviving theatre?A.www.newtheatrecardiff.co.ukB.www.shermancymru.co.ukC.www.glee.co.uk/cardiffD.www.stdavidshalleardiff.co.uk【答案】1.D2.B3.A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了 Cardiff 当地的一些剧院和娱乐场所。【1 题详解】细节理解题。根据文章“St Davids Hall”部分中的“St Davids Hall is home to the annualWelsh Proms Cardiff(St Davids Hall 是 Cardiff 一年一度的 Welsh Proms 的举办地)”可知，Cardiff 的 Welsh Proms 活动在 St Davids Hall 举办。故选 D。【2 题详解】细节理解题。根据文章“The Glee Club”部分中的“If you are looking for the best comedieson tour and brilliant live music,you should start here(如果你正在寻找巡演中最好的喜剧和精彩的现场音乐，你应该从这里开始)”可知，人们可以在 The Glee Club 享受喜剧。故选 B。【3 题详解】细节理解题。根据文章“New Theatre”部分中的“The New Theatre has been the home ofquality drama,musicians,dance and childrens shows for more than 100 years(100 多年来，NewTheatre 一直是优质戏剧、音乐家、舞蹈和儿童节目的发源地)”以及其下面的网站“www.newtheatrecardiff.co.uk”可知，可以在 www.newtheatrecardiff.co.uk 网站找到 Cardiff存在最久的剧院。故选 A。BGoffins cockatoos,a kind of small parrot native to Australasia,have been shown to havesimilar shape-recognition abilities to a human two-year-old.Though not known to use tools in thewild,the birds have proved skilful at tool use while kept in the cage.In a recent experiment,cockatoos were presented with a box with a nut inside it.The clear front of the box had a“keyhole”in a geometric shape,and the birds were given five differently shaped“keys”to choose from.Inserting the correct“key”would let out the nut.In humans,babies can put a round shape in a round hole from around one year of age,but itwill be another year before they are able to do the same with less symmetrical(对称的)shapes.This ability to recognize that a shape will need to be turned in a specific direction before it will fitis called an“allocentric frame of reference”.In the experiment,Goffins cockatoos were able toselect the right tool for the job,in most cases,by visual recognition alone.Where trial-and-errorwas used,the cockatoos did better than monkeys in similar tests.This indicates that Goffinscockatoos do indeed possess an allocentric frame of reference when moving objects in space,similar to two-year-old babies.The next step,according to the researchers,is to try and work out whether the cockatoos relyentirely on visual clues(线索),or also use a sense of touch in making their shape selections.4.How did the cockatoos get the nut from the box in the experiment?A.By following instructions.B.By using a tool.C.By turning the box around.D.By removing the lid.5.Which task can human one-year-olds most likely complete according to the text?A.Using a key to unlock a door.B.Telling parrots from other birds.C.Putting a ball into a round hole.D.Grouping toys of different shapes.6.What does the follow-up test aim to find out about the cockatoos?A.How far they are able to see.B.How they track moving objects.C.Whether they are smarter than monkeys.D.Whether they use a sense of touch inthe test.7.Which can be a suitable title for the text?A.Cockatoos:Quick Error CheckersB.Cockatoos:Independent LearnersC.Cockatoos:Clever Signal-ReadersD.Cockatoos:Skilful Shape-Sorters【答案】4.B5.C6.D7.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种会识别形状的凤头鹦鹉。【4 题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Though not known to use tools in the wild,the birds haveproved skilful at tool use while kept in the cage.(虽然人们不知道这些鸟在野外会使用工具，但事实证明，它们在关在笼子里时就能熟练地使用工具)”以及“the birds were given fivedifferently shaped“keys”to choose from.Inserting,the correct“keys”would let out the nut.(研究人员给了这些鸟 5 把形状各异的“钥匙”供它们选择。插入，正确的“钥匙”会让坚果出来)”可知，在实验中，凤头鹦鹉是通过使用工具从盒子里取出坚果的。故选 B。【5 题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第二段“In humans,babies can put a round shape in a round hole fromaround one year of age(在人类身上，婴儿从一岁左右就可以把一个圆形的物品放进一个圆形的洞里)”结合选项，可知，一岁儿童最有可能完成“将一个球放进一个圆形的洞里”的任务。故选 C。【6 题详解】推理判断题。通过文章最后一段“The next step,according to the researchers,is to try and workout whether the cockatoos rely entirely on visual clues,or also use a sense of touch in makingtheir shape selections.(根据研究人员的说法，下一步是尝试弄清楚凤头鹦鹉是完全依靠视觉线索，还是也使用触觉来选择它们的形状)”可推知，后续测试的目的是了解凤头鹦鹉在测试中是否使用触觉。故选 D。【7 题详解】主旨大意题。通读全文，再结合文章第一段“Coffins cockatoos,a kind of small parrot native toAustralasia,have been shown to have similar shape-recognition abilities to a human two-year-old.(科芬的凤头鹦鹉是一种原产于大洋洲的小鹦鹉，它的形状识别能力与两岁的人类相似)”可推知，本文主要介绍了会识别形状的凤头鹦鹉。D 项“Cockatoos:Skilful Shape-Sorters(凤头鹦鹉：识别形状的熟练工)”符合文意，最适合作为本文标题。故选 D。CAs Ginni Bazlinton reachedAntarctica,she found herself greeted by a group of little Gentoopenguins(企鹅)longing to say hello.These gentle,lovely gatekeepers welcomed her andkick-started what was to be a trip Ginni would never forget.Ever since her childhood,Ginni,now 71,has had a deep love for travel.Throughout hercareer(职业)as a professional dancer,she toured in the UK,but always longed to explore furtherWhen she retired from dancing and her sons eventually flew the nest,she decided it was time totake the plunge.After taking a degree at Chichester University in Related Arts,Ginni began to travel theworld,eventually getting work teaching English in Japan and Chile.And it was in Chile shediscovered she could get last-minute cheap deals on ships going to Antarctica from the islands offTierra del Fuego,the southernmost tip of the South American mainland.“I just decided wanted togo,”she says.“I had no idea about what Id find there and I wasnt nervous,I just wanted to do it.And I wanted to do it alone as I always prefer it that way.”In March 2008,Ginni boarded a ship with 48 passengers shed never met before,to begin thejourney towardsAntarctica.“From seeing the wildlife to witnessing sunrises,the wholeexperience was amazing.Antarctica left an impression on me that no other place has,”Ginni says.“I remember the first time I saw a humpback whale;it just rose out of the water like someprehistoric creature and I thought it was smiling at us.You could still hear the operatic sounds itwas making underwater.”The realization that this is a precious land,to be respected by humans,was one of the biggestthings that hit home to Ginni.8.Which of the following best explains“take the plunge”underlined in paragraph 2?A.Try challenging things.B.Take a degree.C.Bring back lost memories.D.Stick to a promise.9.What made Ginni decide on the trip to Antarctica?A.Lovely penguins.B.Beautiful scenery.C.Adiscount fare.D.Afriends invitation.10.What does Ginni think aboutAntarctica after the journey?A.It could be a home for her.B.It should be easily accessible.C.It should be well preserved.D.It needs to be fully introduced.11.What is the text mainly about?A.Achildhood dream.B.An unforgettable experience.C.Sailing around the world.D.Meeting animals in Antarctica.【答案】8.A9.C10.C11.A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了 71 岁的 Ginni Balinton 从小就对旅行有着深深的热爱，渴望探险，不再跳舞和孩子们成家立业之后，她开始周游世界，并在 2008 年开始了前往南极洲的旅程。【8 题详解】词句猜测题。根据第二段划线词前文“Throughout her career(职业)as a professional dancer,she toured in the UK,but always longed to explore further.(在她的职业舞蹈演员生涯中，她曾在英国巡演，但一直渴望进一步探索)”和“When she retired from dancing and her sonseventually flew the nest,(当她不再跳舞，她的儿子们最终独立生活)”可知，Ginni 在退休和儿子们成家立业之后，她决定尝试有挑战性的事情。由此推知，划线词组 take the plunge 与 trychallenging things“尝试有挑战性的事情”意思接近。故选 A。【9 题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中的“And it was in Chile she discovered she could get last-minutecheap deals on ships going to Antarctica from the islands off Tiera del Fuego.(正是在智利，她发现自己可以在最后一刻买到从火地岛附近岛屿前往南极洲的廉价船只)”可知，是一张折扣票价让 Ginni 决定去南极洲旅行的。故选 C。【10 题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段“The realization that this is a precious land,to be respected byhumans,was one of the biggest things that hit home to Ginni.(意识到这是一块宝贵的土地，应该受到人类的尊重，这是 Ginni 最深刻的感受之一。)”可知，旅行结束后，Ginni 认为南极洲应该得到很好的保护。故选 C。【11 题详解】主旨大意题。根据第二段“Ever since her childhood,Ginni,now 71 has had a deep love fortravel.(今年 71 岁的吉妮从小就对旅行有着深深的热爱)”及全文可知，文章主要介绍了 71岁的 Ginni Balinton 从小就对旅行有着深深的热爱，渴望探险，不再跳舞和孩子们成家立业之后，她开始周游世界，并在 2008 年开始了前往南极洲的旅程。由此可知，Achildhooddream.(童年的梦想)能够概括文章主旨。故选 A。DSometime in the early 1960s,a significant thing happened in Sydney,Australia.The citydiscovered its harbor.Then,one after another,Sydney discovered lots of things that were just sortof there broad parks,superb beaches,and a culturally diverse population.But it is the harborthat makes the city.Andrew Reynolds,a cheerful fellow in his early 30s,pilots Sydney ferryboats for a living.Ispent the whole morning shuttling back and forth across the harbor.After our third run Andrewshut down the engine,and we went our separate ways he for a lunch break,I to explore the city.“Ill miss these old boats,”he said as we parted.“How do you mean?”I asked.“Oh,theyre replacing them with catamarans.Catamarans are faster,but theyre not soelegant,and theyre not fun to pilot.But thats progress,I guess.”Everywhere in Sydney these days,change and progress are the watchwords(口号),andtraditions are increasingly rare.Shirley Fitzgerald,the citys official historian,told me that in itsrush to modernity in the 1970s,Sydney swept aside much of its past,including many of its finestbuildings.“Sydney is confused about itself,”she said.“We cant seem to make up our mindswhether we want a modern city or a traditional one.Its a conflict that we arent getting any betterat resolving(解决).”On the other hand,being young and old at the same time has its attractions.I considered thiswhen I met a thoughtful young businessman named Anthony.“Many people say that we lackculture in this country,”he told me.“What people forget is that the Italians,when they came toAustralia,brought 2000 years of their culture,the Greeks some 3000 years,and the Chinese morestill.Weve got a foundation built on ancient cultures but with a drive and dynamism of a youngcountry.Its a pretty hard combination to beat.”He is right,but I cant help wishing they would keep those old ferries.12.What is the first paragraph mainly about?A.Sydneys striking architecture.B.The cultural diversity of Sydney.C.The key to Sydneys development.D.Sydneys tourist attractions in the1960s.13.What can we learn aboutAndrew Reynolds?A.He goes to work by boat.B.He looks forward to a new life.C.