2022年新高考全国ⅱ卷英语真题(解析版).pdf

2022 年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（新高考全国年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（新高考全国卷）卷）英语英语第一部分第一部分 听力（共两节，满分听力（共两节，满分 30 分）暂无分）暂无第二都分第二都分 阅读（共两节，满分阅读（共两节，满分 50 分）分）第一节（共第一节（共 15 小题；每小题小题；每小题 2.5 分，满分分，满分 37.5 分）分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项。四个选项中选出最佳选项。AChildrens Discovery MuseumGeneral Information about Group PlayPricingGroup Play$7/personScholarshipsWe offer scholarships to low-income schools and youth organizations,subject to availability.Participation in apost-visit survey is required.Scholarships are for Group Play admission fees and/or transportation.Transportation invoices(发票)must bereceived within 60 days of your visit to guarantee the scholarship.Group SizeWe require one chaperone(监护人)per ten children.Failure to provide enough chaperones will result in anextra charge of$50 per absent adult.Group Play is for groups of 10 or more with a limit of 35 people.For groups of 35 or more,please call todiscuss options.HoursThe Museum is open daily from 9:30 am to 4:30 pm.Group Play may be scheduled during any day or time the Museum is open.Registration PolicyRegistration must be made at least two weeks in advance.Register online or fill out a Group Play Registration Form with multiple date and start time options.Once the registration form is received and processed,we will send a confirmation email within two businessdays.GuidelinesTeachers and chaperones should model good behavior for the group and remain with students at all times.Children are not allowed unaccompanied in all areas of the Museum.Children should play nicely with each other and exhibits.Use your indoor voice when at the Museum.1.What does a group need to do if they are offered a scholarship?A.Prepay the admission fees.B.Use the Museums transportation.C.Take a survey after the visit.D.Schedule their visit on weekdays.2.How many chaperones are needed for a group of 30 children to visit the Museum?A.One.B.Two.C.Three.D.Four.3.What are children prohibited from doing at the Museum?A.Using the computer.B.Talking with each other.C.Touching the exhibits.D.Exploring the place alone.【答案】1.C2.C3.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇应用文，文章提供了关于儿童博物馆团体游的相关信息。【1 题详解】细节理解题。根据 Scholarship 标题下“We offer scholarships to low-income schools and youth organizations,subject to availability.Participation in a post-visit survey is required.(我们会视情况而定，为低收入学校和青年组织提供奖学金，并需要其参与访问后调查问卷)”可知，如果一个团体获得了奖学金，需要在参加一个访后的调查问卷，与选项 C“Take a survey after the visit.(接受参观后的问卷调查)”属于同义替换，故选 C。【2 题详解】细节理解题。根据“Group Size”标题下“We require one chaperone(监护人)per ten children.(我们要求每十个孩子有一个监护人)”可知，10 个孩子需要 1 个监护人，那么 30 个孩子则需要 3 个监护人。故选 C。【3 题详解】细节理解题。根据“Guidelines”标题下“Children are not allowed unaccompanied in all areas of theMuseum.(无人陪伴的儿童不得进入博物馆的所有区域)”可知，儿童必须在监护人陪伴下才能进入博物馆，即儿童不能单独进入博物馆进行探索。与选项 D“Exploring the place alone.(独自探索博物馆)”属于同义替换，故选 D。BWe journalists live in a new age of storytelling,with many new multimedia tools.Many young people donteven realize its new.For them,its just normal.This hit home for me as I was sitting with my 2-year-old grandson on a sofa over the Spring Festival holiday.Ihad brought a childrens book to read.It had simple words and colorful pictures a perfect match for his age.Picture this:my grandson sitting on my lap as I hold the book in front so he can see the pictures.As I read,hereaches out and pokes(戳)the page with his finger.Whats up with that?He just likes the pictures,I thought.Then I turned the page and continued.He poked thepage even harder.I nearly dropped the book.I was confused:Is there something wrong with this kid?Then I realized what was happening.He was actually a stranger to books.His father frequently amused theboy with a tablet computer which was loaded with colorful pictures that come alive when you poke them.Hethought my storybook was like that.Sorry,kid.This book is not part of your high-tech world.Its an outdated,lifeless thing.An antique,like yourgrandfather.Well,I may be old,but Im not hopelessly challenged,digitally speaking.I edit video and produceaudio.I use mobile payment.Ive even built websites.Theres one notable gap in my new-media experience,however:Ive spent little time in front of a camera,since I have a face made for radio.But that didnt stop China Daily from asking me last week to share a personalstory for a video project about the integration of Beijing,Tianjin and Hebei province.Anyway,grandpa is now an internet star two minutes of fame!I promise not to let it go to my head.But Iwill make sure my 2-year-old grandson sees it on his tablet.4.What do the underlined words“hit home for me”mean in paragraph 2?A.Provided shelter for me.B.Became very clear to me.C.Took the pressure off me.D.Worked quite well on me.5.Why did the kid poke the storybook?A.He took it for a tablet computer.B.He disliked the colorful pictures.C.He was angry with his grandpa.D.He wanted to read it by himself.6.What does the author think of himself?A.Socially ambitious.B.Physically attractive.C.Financially independent.D.Digitally competent.7.What can we learn about the author as a journalist?A.He lacks experience in his job.B.He seldom appears on television.C.He manages a video department.D.He often interviews internet stars.【答案】4.B5.A6.D7.B【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者曾经是一名记者，在春节期间，作者给孙子拿了一本儿童读物，孙子却以为是平板电脑，不停地戳书。【4 题详解】词句猜测题。根据第一段“We journalists live in a new age of storytelling,with many new multimedia tools.Many young people dont even realize its new.For them,its just normal.”以及画线词后文“as I was sittingwith my 2-year-old grandson on a sofa over the Spring Festival holiday.”可知，作者是记者，生活在一个讲故事的新时代，有许多新的多媒体工具。许多年轻人甚至没有意识到它是新的。对他们来说，这很正常。而这在春节假期，作者和两岁的孙子坐在沙发上，尤其清楚认识到了这一点。故画线词意思是“我很清楚”。故选 B。【5 题详解】细节理解题。根据第五段中“He was actually a stranger to books.His father frequently amused the boy with atablet computer which was loaded with colorful pictures that come alive when you poke them.He thought mystorybook was like that.(事实上，他对书本并不熟悉。他的父亲经常用一台装有彩色图片的平板电脑逗他开心，当你戳它们的时候，这些图片就会变得栩栩如生。他认为我的故事书就是那样的)”可知，那孩子戳故事书是因为他把它当成了平板电脑。故选 A。【6 题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第三段中“Well,I may be old,but Im not hopelessly challenged,digitally speaking.I editvideo and produce audio.I use mobile payment.Ive even built websites.(我可能老了，但从数字角度来说，我还没有毫无希望的挑战。我编辑视频，制作音频。我用移动支付。我甚至建立了网站)”可知，作者认为自己懂数码技术。故选 D。【7 题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“Theres one notable gap in my new-media experience,however:Ive spentlittle time in front of a camera,since I have a face made for radio.(然而，在我的新媒体体验中有一个明显的差距：我很少在镜头前呆着，因为我的脸是为电台而生的)”可知，作者作为记者他很少上电视。故选 B。COver the last seven years,most states have banned texting by drivers,and public service campaigns have trieda wide range of methods to persuade people to put down their phones when they are behind the wheel.Yet the problem,by just about any measure,appears to be getting worse.Americans are still texting whiledriving,as well as using social networks and taking photos.Road accidents,which had fallen for years,are nowrising sharply.That is partly because people are driving more,but Mark Rosekind,the chief of the National Highway TrafficSafety Administration,said distracted（分心）driving was only increasing,unfortunately.Big change requires big ideas.he said in a speech last month,referring broadly to the need to improve roadsafety.So to try to change a distinctly modern behavior,lawmakers and public health experts are reaching back toan old approach:They want to treat distracted driving like drunk driving.An idea from lawmakers in New York is to give police officers a new device called the Textalyzer.It wouldwork like this:An officer arriving at the scene of a crash could ask for the phones of the drivers and use theTextalyzer to check in the operating system for recent activity.The technology could determine whether a driverhad just texted,emailed or done anything else that is not allowed under New Yorks hands-free driving laws.We need something on the books that can change peoples behavior,”said Flix W.Ortiz,who pushed for thestates 2001 ban on hand-held devices by drivers.If the Textalyzer bill becomes law,he said,people are going tobe more afraid to put their hands on the cell phone.8.Which of the following best describes the ban on drivers texting in the US?A.Ineffective.B.Unnecessary.C.Inconsistent.D.Unfair.9.What can the Textalyzer help a police officer find out?A.Where a driver came from.B.Whether a driver used their phone.C.How fast a driver was going.D.When a driver arrived at the scene.10.What does the underlined word something in the last paragraph refer to?A.Advice.B.Data.C.Tests.D.Laws.11.What is a suitable title for the text?A.To Drive or Not to Drive?Think Before You StartB.Texting and Driving?Watch Out for the TextalyzerC.New York Banning Hand-Held Devices by Drivers.D.The Next Generation Cell Phone:The Textalyzer-【答案】8.A9.B10.D11.B【解析】【导语】本文一篇说明文。为解决司机在开车时使用手机造成“分神”，引发交通事故的问题，纽约的一名立法者提出使用 Textalyzer（短信监控器）的技术来监控司机在开车的时候是否使用了手机。【8 题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段中“Over the last seven years,most states have banned texting by drivers,and publicservice campaigns have tried a wide range of methods to persuade people to put down their phones when they arebehind the wheel.”（在过去的七年里，大多数州都禁止司机发短信，公共服务活动也尝试了各种各样的方法来说服人们在开车时放下手机。）以及第二段中“Yet the problem,by just about any measure,appears to begetting worse.”（然而，无论以何种标准衡量，这个问题似乎都在恶化。）可知，大多数州使用了各种各样的方法说服司机们在开车的时候放下手机，可是情况却越来越糟糕。所以各种方法是无效的。A 选项ineffective 意为“无效的”，与此相符。故选 A。【9 题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“The technology could determine whether a driver had just texted,emailed ordone anything else that is not allowed under New Yorks hands-free driving laws.”（这项技术可以确定司机是否发了短信、发了邮件，或者做了纽约免提驾驶法不允许的其他事情。）可知，Textalyzer 能够确定的是司机是否使用了手机发短信、邮件以及其他驾驶法不允许的行为。B 选项意为“是否司机使用了手机。”与此相符，故选 B。【10 题详解】词义猜测题。根据句中的“We need something on the books that can change peoples behavior.”（我们需要一些能改变人们行为的东西，）可知，something 是能够改变人们的行为的事情。根据下文的“If the Textalyzerbill becomes law,he said,people are going to be more afraid to put their hands on the cell phone.”（他说，如果Textalyzer 法案成为法律，“人们会更害怕拿起手机。）可知，人们的行为会改变的条件是当 Textalyzer 法案成为法律。收到法律的约束和惩罚，司机们才不会在开车的时候使用手机。故 something 指代的是法律。故选 D。【11 题详解】主旨大意题。纵观全文，第一段和第二段阐述的是“虽然大多数州已经尝试了各种各样的方法来说服人们在开车时放下手机。可是问题却越来越严重”。第三段中“That is partly because people are driving more.”（部分原因是开车的人越来越多）可知，解释了该行为产生的部分原因。第四段至第五段讲述的是为了解决该问题是纽约立法者提出了一个新的想法即利用 Textalyzer 技术，来监控司机在开车的时候是否使用了手机。最后一段讲述的是：相关人士呼吁该项技术能够成为真正的法案由此才能真正的改变人们的行为。故 B 选项 Texting and Driving?Watch Out for the Textalyzer（发短信还是在开车？防范短信监控器。）适合文章的标题。故选 B。DAs we age,even if were healthy,the heart just isnt as efficient in processing oxygen as it used to be.In mostpeople the first signs show up in their 50s or early 60s.And among people who dont exercise,the changes can starteven sooner.“Think of a rubber band.In the beginning,it is flexible,but put it in a drawer for 20 years and it will becomedry and easily broken,”says Dr.Ben Levine,a heart specialist at the University of Texas.Thats what happens tothe heart.Fortunately for those in midlife,Levine is finding that even if you havent been an enthusiastic exerciser,getting in shape now may help improve your aging heart.Levine and his research team selected volunteers aged between 45 and 64 who did not exercise much but wereotherwise healthy.Participants were randomly divided into two groups.The first group participated in a program ofnonaerobic(无氧)exercisebalance training and weight trainingthree times a week.The second group didhigh-intensity aerobic exercise under the guidance of a trainer for four or more days a week.After two years,thesecond group saw remarkable improvements in heart health.“We took these 50-year-old hearts and turned the clock back to 30-or 35-year-old hearts,”says Levine.“Andthe reason they got so much stronger and fitter was that their hearts could now fill a lot better and pump(泵送)a lotmore blood during exercise.”But the hearts of those who participated in less intense exercise didnt change,hesays.“The sweet spot in life to start exercising,if you havent already,is in late middle age when the heart still hasflexibility,”Levine says.“We put healthy 70-year-olds through a yearlong exercise training program,and nothinghappened to them at all.”Dr.Nieca Goldberg,a spokeswoman for the American Heart Association,says Levines findings are a greatstart.But the study was small and needs to be repeated with far larger groups of people to determine exactly whichaspects of an exercise routine make the biggest difference.12.What does Levine want to explain by mentioning the rubber band?A.The right way of exercising.B.The causes of a heart attack.C.The difficulty of keeping fit.D.The aging process of the heart.13.In which aspect were the two groups different in terms of research design?A.Diet plan.B.Professional background.C.Exercise type.D.Previous physical condition.14.What does Levines research find?A.Middle-aged hearts get younger with aerobic exercise.B.High-intensity exercise is more suitable for the young.C.It is never too late for people to start taking exercise.D.The more exercise we do,the stronger our hearts get.15.What does Dr.Nieca Goldberg suggest?A.Making use of the findings.B.Interviewing the study participants.C.Conducting further research.D.Clarifying the purpose of the study.【答案】12.D13.C14.A15.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是锻炼对于心脏的好处。【12 题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段的“Think of a rubber band.In the beginning,it is flexible,but put it in a drawer for 20years and it will become dry and easily broken,”says Dr.Ben Levine,a heart specialist at the University of Texas.Thats what happens to the heart.(“想想橡皮筋。一开始，它是灵活的，但把它放在抽屉里 20 年，它就会变得干燥，很容易破碎，”德克萨斯大学的心脏专家本莱文博士说。这就是心脏的变化。)”可知，莱文想通过提到橡皮筋来解释心脏的老化过程，故选 D。【13 题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段的“The first group participated in a program of nonaerobic exercisebalance trainingand weight trainingthree times a week.The second group did high-intensity aerobic exercise under the guidanceof a trainer for four or more days a week.(第一组每周参加三次非有氧运动平衡训练和重量训练。第二组在教练的指导下每周进行 4 天或更多的高强度有氧运动。)”可知，两组在研究设计上的不同在于运动类型的不同，故选 C。【14 题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段的“The second group did high-intensity aerobic exercise under the guidance of a trainerfor four or more days a week.After two years,the second group saw remarkable improvements in heart health.(第二组在教练的指导下每周进行 4 天或更多的高强度有氧运动。两年后，第二组的心脏健康状况有了显著改善。)”和第四段的“We took these 50-year-old hearts and turned the clock back to 30-or 35-year-old hearts,”says Levine.(莱文说:“我们把这些 50 岁的心脏的时钟拨回 30 或 35 岁的心脏。”)”可知，莱文的研究发现了通过有氧运动，中年人的心脏会变得更年轻，故选 A。【15 题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段的“But the study was small and needs to be repeated with far larger groups of peopleto determine exactly which aspects of an exercise routine make the biggest difference.(但这项研究的规模很小，需要在更大的人群中重复进行，以确定日常锻炼的哪些方面会产生最大的影响。)”可知，妮卡戈德堡博士建议进行进一步的研究。故选 C。第二节（共第二节（共 5 小题；每小题小题；每小题 2.5 分，满分分，满分 12.5 分）分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。项。Writing an essay is a difficult process for most people.However,the process can be made easier if you learn topractice three simple techniques._16_ When you are first trying to think of ideas for an essay,put your pen to your paper and writenonstop for ten or fifteen minutes without letting your pen leave the paper.Stay loose and free._17_ Dontworry about grammar or spelling.Even