2022年新高考全国一卷英语真题(原卷版).pdf
2022 年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语英语本试卷共本试卷共 10 页，满分页，满分 120 分。考试用时分。考试用时 120 分钟。分钟。注意事项：注意事项：1.答卷前，考生务必用黑色字迹钢笔或签字笔将自己的姓名、考生答卷前，考生务必用黑色字迹钢笔或签字笔将自己的姓名、考生号、考场号和座位号填写在答题卡上。用号、考场号和座位号填写在答题卡上。用 2B 铅笔将试卷类型铅笔将试卷类型(A)填涂在答题卡填涂在答题卡相应位置上。将条形码横贴在答题卡右上角相应位置上。将条形码横贴在答题卡右上角“条形码粘贴处条形码粘贴处”。因笔试不考听。因笔试不考听力，选择题从第二部分的力，选择题从第二部分的“阅读阅读”开始，试题序号从开始，试题序号从“21”开始。开始。2.作答选择题时作答选择题时，选出每小题答案后选出每小题答案后，用用 2B 铅笔把答题卡上对应题目选项的答铅笔把答题卡上对应题目选项的答案信息点涂黑案信息点涂黑;如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案，答案不能答在试如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案，答案不能答在试卷上。卷上。3.非选择题必须用黑色字迹钢笔或签字笔作答，答案必须写在答题卡各题目指非选择题必须用黑色字迹钢笔或签字笔作答，答案必须写在答题卡各题目指定区域内相应位置上定区域内相应位置上;如高改动如高改动，先划掉原来的答案先划掉原来的答案，然后再写上新的答案然后再写上新的答案;不准不准使用铅笔和涂改液，不按以上要求作答的答案无效。使用铅笔和涂改液，不按以上要求作答的答案无效。4.考生必须保持答题卡的整洁：考试结束后，将试卷和符题卡一并交回。考生必须保持答题卡的整洁：考试结束后，将试卷和符题卡一并交回。第二部分第二部分 阅读阅读(共两节，满分共两节，满分 50 分分)第一节第一节(共共 15 小题：每小题小题：每小题 2.5 分，满分分，满分 37.5 分分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项。四个选项中选出最佳选项。AGrading Policies for Introduction to LiteratureGrading Scale90-100,A;80-89,B;70-79,C;60-69,D;Below 60,E.Essays(60%)Your four major essays will combine to form the main part of the grade for this course:Essay1=10%;Essay 2=15%;Essay 3=15%;Essay 4=20%.GroupAssignments(30%)Students will work in groups to complete four assignments(作业)during the course.All theassignments will be submitted by the assigned date through Blackboard,our online learning andcourse management system.Daily Work/In-Class Writings and Tests/Group Work/Homework(10%)Class activities will vary from day to day,but students must be ready to complete shortin-class writings or tests drawn directly from assigned readings or notes from the previous classlecture/discussion,so it is important to take careful notes during class.Additionally,from time totime I will assign group work to be completed in class or short assignments to be completed athome,both of which will be graded.Late WorkAn essay not submitted in class on the due date will lose a letter grade for each class period itis late.If it is not turned in by the 4th day after the due date,it will earn a zero.Daily assignmentsnot completed during class will get a zero.Short writings missed as a result of an excused absencewill be accepted.1.Where is this text probably taken from?A.Atextbook.B.An exam paper.C.A course plan.D.Anacademic article.2.How many parts is a students final grade made up of?A.Two.B.Three.C.Four.D.Five.3.What will happen if you submit an essay one week after the due date?A.You will receive a zero.B.You will lose a letter grade.C.You will be given a test.D.You will have to rewrite it.BLike most of us,I try to be mindful of food that goes to waste.The arugula(芝麻菜)was tomake a nice green salad,rounding out a roast chicken dinner.But I ended up working late.Thenfriends called with a dinner invitation.I stuck the chicken in the freezer.But as days passed,thearugula went bad.Even worse,I had unthinkingly bought way too much;I could have made sixsalads with what I threw out.In a world where nearly 800 million people a year go hungry,“food waste goes against themoral grain,”as Elizabeth Royte writes in this months cover story.Its jaw-dropping how muchperfectly good food is thrown away from“ugly”(but quite eatable)vegetables rejected bygrocers to large amounts of uneaten dishes thrown into restaurant garbage cans.Producing food that no one eats wastes the water,fuel,and other resources used to grow it.That makes food waste an environmental problem.In fact,Royte writes,“if food waste were acountry,it would be the third largest producer of greenhouse gases in the world.”If thats hard to understand,lets keep it as simple as the arugula at the back of myrefrigerator.Mike Curtin sees my arugula story all the time but for him,its more like 12 bonesof donated strawberries nearing their last days.Curtin is CEO of DC Central Kitchen inWashington,D.C.,which recovers food and turns it into healthy meals.Last year it recoveredmore than 807,500 pounds of food by taking donations and collecting blemished(有瑕疵的)produce that otherwise would have rotted in fields.And the strawberries?Volunteers will wash,cut,and freeze or dry them for use in meals down the road.Such methods seem obvious,yet so often we just dont think.“Everyone can play a part inreducing waste,whether by not purchasing more food than necessary in your weekly shopping orby asking restaurants to not include the side dish you wont eat,”Curtin says.4.What does the author want to show by telling the arugula story?A.We pay little attention to food waste.B.We waste food unintentionally attimes.C.We waste more vegetables than meat.D.We have good reasons for wastingfood.5.What is a consequence of food waste according to the test?A.Moral decline.B.Environmental harm.C.Energy shortage.D.Worldwide starvation.6.What does Curtins company do?A.It produces kitchen equipment.B.It turns rotten arugula into clean fuel.C.It helps local farmers grow fruits.D.It makes meals out of unwanted food.7.What does Curtin suggest people do?A.Buy only what is needed.B.Reduce food consumption.C.Go shopping once a week.D.Eat in restaurants less often.CThe elderly residents(居民)in care homes in London are being given hens to look after tostop them feeling lonely.The project was dreamed up by a local charity(慈善组织)to reduce loneliness and improveelderly peoples wellbeing,It is also being used to help patients suffering dementia,a seriousillness of the mind.Staff in care homes have reported a reduction in the use of medicine wherehens are in use.Among those taking part in the project is 80-year-old Ruth Xavier.She said:“I used to keephens when I was younger and had to prepare their breakfast each morning before I went toschool.”“I like the project a lot.I am down there in my wheelchair in the morning letting the hens outand down there again at night to see theyve gone to bed.”“Its good to have a different focus.People have been bringing their children in to see thehens and residents come and sit outside to watch them.Im enjoying the creative activities,and itfeels great to have done something useful.”There are now 700 elderly people looking after hens in 20 care homes in the North East,andthe charity has been given financial support to roll it out countrywide.Wendy Wilson,extra care manager at 60 Penfold Street,one of the first to embark on theproject,said:“Residents really welcome the idea of the project and the creative sessions.We arelooking forward to the benefits and fun the project can bring to people here.”Lynn Lewis,director of Notting Hill Pathways,said:“We are happy to be taking part in theproject.It will really help connect our residents through a shared interest and creative activities.”8.What is the purpose of the project?A.To ensure harmony in care homes.B.To provide part-time jobs for theaged.C.To raise money for medical research.D.To promote the elderly peopleswelfare.9.How has the project affected Ruth Xavier?A.She has learned new life skills.B.She has gained a sense ofachievement.C.She has recovered her memory.D.She has developed a strongpersonality.10.What do the underlined words“embark on”mean in paragraph 7?A.Improve.B.Oppose.C.Begin.D.Evaluate.11.What can we learn about the project from the last two paragraphs?A.It is well received.B.It needs to be more creative.C.It is highly profitable.D.It takes ages to see the results.DHuman speech contains more than 2,000 different sounds,from the common“m”and“a”tothe rare clicks of some southernAfrican languages.But why are certain sounds more commonthan others?Aground-breaking,five-year study shows that diet-related changes in human bite ledto new speech sounds that are now found in half the worlds languages.More than 30 years ago,the scholar Charles Hockett noted that speech sounds calledlabiodentals,such as“f”and“v”,were more common in the languages of societies that ate softerfoods.Now a team of researchers led by Damin Blasi at the University of Zurich,Switzerland,has found how and why this trend arose.They discovered that the upper and lower front teeth of ancient human adults were aligned(对齐),making it hard to produce labiodentals,which are formed by touching the lower lip to theupper teeth.Later,our jaws changed to an overbite structure(结构),making it easier to producesuch sounds.The team showed that this change in bite was connected with the development of agriculturein the Neolithic period.Food became easier to chew at this point.The jawbone didnt have to doas much work and so didnt grow to be so large.Analyses of a language database also confirmed that there was a global change in the soundof world languages after the Neolithic age,with the use of“f”and“v”increasing remarkablyduring the last few thousand years.These sounds are still not found in the languages of manyhunter-gatherer people today.This research overturns the popular view that all human speech sounds were present whenhuman beings evolved around 300,000 years ago.”The set of speech sounds we use has notnecessarily remained stable since the appearance of human beings,but rather the huge variety ofspeech sounds that we find today is the product of a complex interplay of things like biologicalchange and cultural evolution,“said Steven Moran,a member of the research team.12.Which aspect of the human speech sound does Damin Blasis research focus on?A.Its variety.B.Its distribution.C.Its quantity.D.Itsdevelopment.13.Why was it difficult for ancient human adults to produce labiodentals?A.They had fewer upper teeth than lower teeth.B.They could not open and close their lips easily.C.Their jaws were not conveniently structured.D.Their lower front teeth were not large enough.14.What is paragraph 5 mainly about?A.Supporting evidence for the research results.B.Potential application of the research findings.C.Afurther explanation of the research methods.D.Areasonable doubt about the research process.15.What does Steven Moran say about the set of human speech sounds?A.It is key to effective communication.B.It contributes much to culturaldiversity.C.It is a complex and dynamic system.D.It drives the evolution of humanbeings.第二节第二节(共共 5 小题：每小题小题：每小题 2.5 分，满分分，满分 12.5 分分)阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。两项为多余选项。Fitness Magazine recently ran an article titled“Five Reasons to Thank Your Workout Partner.”One reason was:“Youll actually show up if you know someone is waiting for you at the gym,”while another read:“_16_”With a workout partner,you will increase your training effort asthere is a subtle(微妙)competition.So,how do you find a workout partner?First of all,decide what you want from that person._17_ Or do you just want to bephysically fit,able to move with strength and flexibility?Think about the exercises you would liketo do with your workout partner.You might think about posting what you are looking for on social media,but it probablywont result in a useful response._18_ If you plan on working out in a gym,that person mustbelong to the same gym.My partner posted her request on the notice board of a local park.Her notice included whatkind of training she wanted to do,how many days a week and how many hours she wanted tospend on each session,and her age.It also listed her favorite sports and activities,and providedher phone number._19_You and your partner will probably have different skills._20_ Over time,both of youwill benefit your partner will be able to lift more weights and you will become more physicallyfit.The core(核心)of your relationship is that you will always be there to help each other.A.Your first meeting may be a little awkward.B.Aworkout partner usually needs to live close by.C.Youll work harder if you train with someone else.D.Do you want to be a better athlete in your favorite sport?E.How can you write a good“seeking training partner”notice?F.Just accept your differences and learn to work with each other.G.Any notice for a training partner should include such information.第三部分第三部分 语言运用语言运用(共两节，满分共两节，满分 30 分分)第一节第一节(共共 15 小题小题;每小题每小题 1 分，满分分，满分 15 分分)阅读下面短文，从每题所给的阅读下面短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。最佳选项。My husband,our children and I have had wonderful camping experiences over the past tenyears.Some of our _21_ are funny,especially from the early years when our children werelittle.Once,we _22_ along Chalk Creek.I was _23_ that our 15-month-old boy wouldfall into the creek(小溪).I tied a rope around his waist to keep him near to our spot.That lastedabout ten minutes.He was _24_,and his crying let the whole campground know it.So_25_ tying him up,I just kept a close eye on him.It _26_ he didnt end up in thecreek.My three-year-old,however,did.Another time,we rented a boat in Vallecito Lake.The sky was clear when we _27_,butstorms move in fast in the mountains,and this one quickly _28_ our peaceful morning trip.The _29_ picked up and thunder rolled.My husband stopped fishing to _30_ themotor.Nothing.He tried again.No _31_.We were stuck in the middle of the lake with adead motor.As we all sat there _32_,a fisherman pulled up,threw us a rope and towed(拖)us back.We were _33_.Now,every year when my husband pulls our camper out of the garage,we are filled with asense of _34_,wondering what camping fun and _35_ we will experience next.21.A.ideasB.jokesC.memoriesD.discoveries22.A.campedB.droveC.walkedD.cycled23.A.annoyedB.surprisedC.disappointedD.worried24.A.unhurtB.unfortunateC.uncomfortableD.unafraid25.A.due toB.instead ofC.apart fromD.as for26.A.workedB.happenedC.matteredD.changed27.A.signed upB.calmed downC.checked outD.headedoff28.A.arrangedB.interruptedC.completedD.recorded29.A.windB.noiseC.temperatureD.speed30.A.findB.hideC.startD.fix31.A.luckB.answerC.wonderD.signal32.A.patientlyB.tirelesslyC.doubtfullyD.helplessly33.A.sorryB.braveC.safeD.right34.A.reliefB.dutyC.prideD.excitement35.A.failureB.adventureC.performanceD.conflict第二节第二节(共共 10 小题小题;每小题每小题 1.5 分，满分分，满分 15 分分)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。The Chinese government recently finalized a plan to set up a Giant Panda NationalPark(GPNP)._36_(cover)an area about three times _37_ size of Yellowstone NationalPark,the GPNP will be one of the first national parks in the country.The plan will extendprotection to a significant number of areas that _38_(be)previously unprotected,bringingmany of the existing protected areas for giant pandas under one authority _39_(increase)effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies in management.After a three-year pilot period,the GPNP will be officially set up next year.The GPNP_40_(design)to reflect the guiding principle of“protecting the authenticity and integrity(完整性)of natural ecosystems,preserving biological diversity,protecting ecological buffer zones,_41_ leaving behind precious natural assets(资产)for future generations”.The GPNPs maingoal is to improve connectivity between separate _42_(population)and homes of giantpandas,and _43_(eventual)achieve a desired level of population in the wild.Giant pandas also serve _44_ an umbrella species(物种),bringing protection to a host ofplants and animals in the southwestern and northwestern parts of China.The GPNP
