2022年新高考全国一卷英语真题(解析版).pdf

2022 年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语英语本试卷共本试卷共 10 页，满分页，满分 120 分。考试用时分。考试用时 120 分钟。分钟。注意事项：注意事项：1.答卷前，考生务必用黑色字迹钢笔或签字笔将自己的姓名、考生答卷前，考生务必用黑色字迹钢笔或签字笔将自己的姓名、考生号、考场号和座位号填写在答题卡上。用号、考场号和座位号填写在答题卡上。用 2B 铅笔将试卷类型铅笔将试卷类型(A)填涂在答题卡填涂在答题卡相应位置上。将条形码横贴在答题卡右上角相应位置上。将条形码横贴在答题卡右上角“条形码粘贴处条形码粘贴处”。因笔试不考听。因笔试不考听力，选择题从第二部分的力，选择题从第二部分的“阅读阅读”开始，试题序号从开始，试题序号从“21”开始。开始。2.作答选择题时作答选择题时，选出每小题答案后选出每小题答案后，用用 2B 铅笔把答题卡上对应题目选项的答铅笔把答题卡上对应题目选项的答案信息点涂黑案信息点涂黑;如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案，答案不能答在试如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案，答案不能答在试卷上。卷上。3.非选择题必须用黑色字迹钢笔或签字笔作答，答案必须写在答题卡各题目指非选择题必须用黑色字迹钢笔或签字笔作答，答案必须写在答题卡各题目指定区域内相应位置上定区域内相应位置上;如高改动如高改动，先划掉原来的答案先划掉原来的答案，然后再写上新的答案然后再写上新的答案;不准不准使用铅笔和涂改液，不按以上要求作答的答案无效。使用铅笔和涂改液，不按以上要求作答的答案无效。4.考生必须保持答题卡的整洁：考试结束后，将试卷和符题卡一并交回。考生必须保持答题卡的整洁：考试结束后，将试卷和符题卡一并交回。第二部分第二部分 阅读阅读(共两节，满分共两节，满分 50 分分)第一节第一节(共共 15 小题：每小题小题：每小题 2.5 分，满分分，满分 37.5 分分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项。四个选项中选出最佳选项。AGrading Policies for Introduction to LiteratureGrading Scale90-100,A;80-89,B;70-79,C;60-69,D;Below 60,E.Essays(60%)Your four major essays will combine to form the main part of the grade for this course:Essay1=10%;Essay 2=15%;Essay 3=15%;Essay 4=20%.GroupAssignments(30%)Students will work in groups to complete four assignments(作业)during the course.All theassignments will be submitted by the assigned date through Blackboard,our online learning andcourse management system.Daily Work/In-Class Writings and Tests/Group Work/Homework(10%)Class activities will vary from day to day,but students must be ready to complete shortin-class writings or tests drawn directly from assigned readings or notes from the previous classlecture/discussion,so it is important to take careful notes during class.Additionally,from time totime I will assign group work to be completed in class or short assignments to be completed athome,both of which will be graded.Late WorkAn essay not submitted in class on the due date will lose a letter grade for each class period itis late.If it is not turned in by the 4th day after the due date,it will earn a zero.Daily assignmentsnot completed during class will get a zero.Short writings missed as a result of an excused absencewill be accepted.1.Where is this text probably taken from?A.Atextbook.B.An exam paper.C.A course plan.D.Anacademic article.2.How many parts is a students final grade made up of?A.Two.B.Three.C.Four.D.Five.3.What will happen if you submit an essay one week after the due date?A.You will receive a zero.B.You will lose a letter grade.C.You will be given a test.D.You will have to rewrite it.【答案】1.C2.B3.A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了文学概论课程评分办法。【1 题详解】推理判断题。根据文章标题“Grading Policies for Introduction to Literature(文学概论课程评分办法)”和 Essays(60%)部分“Your four major essays will combine to form the main part ofthe grade of for this course(你的四篇主要文章将构成本课程评分的主要部分)”可知，文章介绍了文学概论课程评分办法，可得出本文是出自一个课程计划。故选 C 项。【2 题详解】细节理解题。根据黑体小标题“Essays(60%)”、“Group Assignments(30%)”和“DailyWork/In-Class Writings and Tests/Groups Work/Homework(10%)”可知，学生的最终成绩由 3部分组成。故选 B 项。【3 题详解】推理判断题。根据“Late Work”部分“If it is not turned in by the 4th day after the due date,itwill earn a zero.(如果没有在截止日期后的第 4 天上交，将会得到零分)”可知，如果在截止日期后一周才交文章，你将会得零分。故选 A 项。BLike most of us,I try to be mindful of food that goes to waste.The arugula(芝麻菜)was tomake a nice green salad,rounding out a roast chicken dinner.But I ended up working late.Thenfriends called with a dinner invitation.I stuck the chicken in the freezer.But as days passed,thearugula went bad.Even worse,I had unthinkingly bought way too much;I could have made sixsalads with what I threw out.In a world where nearly 800 million people a year go hungry,“food waste goes against themoral grain,”as Elizabeth Royte writes in this months cover story.Its jaw-dropping how muchperfectly good food is thrown away from“ugly”(but quite eatable)vegetables rejected bygrocers to large amounts of uneaten dishes thrown into restaurant garbage cans.Producing food that no one eats wastes the water,fuel,and other resources used to grow it.That makes food waste an environmental problem.In fact,Royte writes,“if food waste were acountry,it would be the third largest producer of greenhouse gases in the world.”If thats hard to understand,lets keep it as simple as the arugula at the back of myrefrigerator.Mike Curtin sees my arugula story all the time but for him,its more like 12 bonesof donated strawberries nearing their last days.Curtin is CEO of DC Central Kitchen inWashington,D.C.,which recovers food and turns it into healthy meals.Last year it recoveredmore than 807,500 pounds of food by taking donations and collecting blemished(有瑕疵的)produce that otherwise would have rotted in fields.And the strawberries?Volunteers will wash,cut,and freeze or dry them for use in meals down the road.Such methods seem obvious,yet so often we just dont think.“Everyone can play a part inreducing waste,whether by not purchasing more food than necessary in your weekly shopping orby asking restaurants to not include the side dish you wont eat,”Curtin says.4.What does the author want to show by telling the arugula story?A.We pay little attention to food waste.B.We waste food unintentionally attimes.C.We waste more vegetables than meat.D.We have good reasons for wastingfood.5.What is a consequence of food waste according to the test?A.Moral decline.B.Environmental harm.C.Energy shortage.D.Worldwide starvation.6.What does Curtins company do?A.It produces kitchen equipment.B.It turns rotten arugula into clean fuel.C.It helps local farmers grow fruits.D.It makes meals out of unwanted food.7.What does Curtin suggest people do?A.Buy only what is needed.B.Reduce food consumption.C.Go shopping once a week.D.Eat in restaurants less often.【答案】4.B5.B6.D7.A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了我们日常生活中的食物浪费现象以及华盛顿 DC 中央厨房的首席执行官科廷为解决食物浪费而采取的努力。【4 题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Like most of us,I try to be mindful of food that goes towaste.(像我们大多数人一样，我努力关注那些被浪费的食物)”及“But as days passed,thearugula went bad.Even worse,I had unthinkingly bought way too much;could have made sixsalads with what I threw out.(但随着时间的推移，芝麻菜变坏了。更糟糕的是，我不假思索地买了太多东西；我扔掉的东西可以做六份沙拉)”可推知，作者想通过讲述芝麻菜的故事来表明我们有时会无意间浪费食物。故选 B。【5 题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“Producing food that no one eats wastes the water,fuel,and other,resources used to grow it.That makes food waste an environmental problem.In fact,Royte writes,“if food waste were a country,it would be the third largest producer of greenhouse gases in theworld.”(生产没人吃的食物会浪费用于种植食物的水、燃料和其他资源。这使得食物浪费成为一个环境问题。事实上，罗伊特写道，“如果食物浪费是一个国家，它将是世界上第三大温室气体排放国。”)”可知，根据文中的说法，浪费食物的一个后果是对环境的危害。故选 B。【6 题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“Curtin is CEO of DC Central Kitchen in Washington.D.C.,which recovers food and turns it into healthy meals.Last year it recovered more than 807,500pounds of food by taking donations and collecting blemished(有瑕疵的)produce,that otherwisewould have rotted in fields.And the strawberries?Volunteers will wash,cut,and freeze or drythem for use in meals down the road.(科廷是华盛顿 DC 中央厨房的首席执行官，该公司把食物复原，变成健康的食物。去年，该组织通过接受捐赠和收集有瑕疵的农产品，收回了超过807500 磅的食物，否则这些农产品就会在地里腐烂。草莓呢？志愿者们将清洗、切割、冷冻或干燥它们，以便在路上的餐食中使用)”可知，科廷的公司用人们不想要的食物重新制作食物。故选 D。【7 题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Everyone can play a part in reducing waste,whether by notpurchasing more food than necessary in your weekly shopping or by asking restaurants to notinclude the side dish you wont eat,”Curtin says.(“每个人都可以在减少浪费方面发挥作用，无论是在每周的购物中不购买不必要的食物，还是要求餐馆不包括你不吃的配菜，”科廷说)”可知，科廷建议人们只买需要的东西来避免浪费食物。故选 A。CThe elderly residents(居民)in care homes in London are being given hens to look after tostop them feeling lonely.The project was dreamed up by a local charity(慈善组织)to reduce loneliness and improveelderly peoples wellbeing,It is also being used to help patients suffering dementia,a seriousillness of the mind.Staff in care homes have reported a reduction in the use of medicine wherehens are in use.Among those taking part in the project is 80-year-old Ruth Xavier.She said:“I used to keephens when I was younger and had to prepare their breakfast each morning before I went toschool.”“I like the project a lot.I am down there in my wheelchair in the morning letting the hens outand down there again at night to see theyve gone to bed.”“Its good to have a different focus.People have been bringing their children in to see thehens and residents come and sit outside to watch them.Im enjoying the creative activities,and itfeels great to have done something useful.”There are now 700 elderly people looking after hens in 20 care homes in the North East,andthe charity has been given financial support to roll it out countrywide.Wendy Wilson,extra care manager at 60 Penfold Street,one of the first to embark on theproject,said:“Residents really welcome the idea of the project and the creative sessions.We arelooking forward to the benefits and fun the project can bring to people here.”Lynn Lewis,director of Notting Hill Pathways,said:“We are happy to be taking part in theproject.It will really help connect our residents through a shared interest and creative activities.”8.What is the purpose of the project?A.To ensure harmony in care homes.B.To provide part-time jobs for theaged.C.To raise money for medical research.D.To promote the elderly peopleswelfare.9.How has the project affected Ruth Xavier?A.She has learned new life skills.B.She has gained a sense ofachievement.C.She has recovered her memory.D.She has developed a strongpersonality.10.What do the underlined words“embark on”mean in paragraph 7?A.Improve.B.Oppose.C.Begin.D.Evaluate.11.What can we learn about the project from the last two paragraphs?A.It is well received.B.It needs to be more creative.C.It is highly profitable.D.It takes ages to see the results.【答案】8.D9.B10.C11.A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了旨在减少孤独，改善老年人的健康状况的项目。【8 题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第二段“The project was dreamed up by a local charity(慈善组织)toreduce loneliness and improve elderly peoples wellbeing(该项目由当地一家慈善机构构想，旨在减少孤独，改善老年人的健康状况)”可知，这个项目的目的是为了提高老年人的幸福。故选 D。【9 题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第五段“Its good to have a different focus.People have been bringingtheir children in to see the hens and residents come and sit outside to watch them.Im enjoying thecreative activities,and it feels great to have done something useful.”(有不同的关注点很好。人们把自己的孩子带进来看母鸡，居民们也来外面坐着看它们。我喜欢创造性的活动，做一些有用的事情的感觉很好)”可推知，Ruth Xavier 通过该项目获得了一种成就感。故选 B。【10 题详解】词义猜测题。根据文章倒数第二段“Residents really welcome the idea of the project and thecreative sessions.We are looking forward to the benefits and fun the project can bring to peoplehere.(居民们非常欢迎该项目的想法和创意会议。我们期待这个项目能给这里的人们带来好处和乐趣)”以及划线处前的“one of the first(第一批人之一)”可知 Wendy Wilson 是着手这项工程的人之一，划线处的含义与 C 项：“Begin(开始)”含义相近。故选 C。【11 题详解】推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段“Residents really welcome the idea of the project and thecreative sessions.We are looking forward to the benefits and fun the project can bring to peoplehere.(居民们非常欢迎该项目的想法和创意会议。我们期待这个项目能给这里的人们带来好处和乐趣)”以及最后一段“Lynn Lewis,director of Notting Hill Pathways,said:“We are happyto be taking part in the project.It will really help connect our residents through a shared interestand creative activities.”(“诺丁山路径”的负责人林恩刘易斯说:我们很高兴能参与这个项目。它将通过共同的兴趣和创造性活动真正帮助我们的居民联系起来)”可知，该项目的反响很好。故选 A。DHuman speech contains more than 2,000 different sounds,from the common“m”and“a”tothe rare clicks of some southernAfrican languages.But why are certain sounds more commonthan others?Aground-breaking,five-year study shows that diet-related changes in human bite ledto new speech sounds that are now found in half the worlds languages.More than 30 years ago,the scholar Charles Hockett noted that speech sounds calledlabiodentals,such as“f”and“v”,were more common in the languages of societies that ate softerfoods.Now a team of researchers led by Damin Blasi at the University of Zurich,Switzerland,has found how and why this trend arose.They discovered that the upper and lower front teeth of ancient human adults were aligned(对齐),making it hard to produce labiodentals,which are formed by touching the lower lip to theupper teeth.Later,our jaws changed to an overbite structure(结构),making it easier to producesuch sounds.The team showed that this change in bite was connected with the development of agriculturein the Neolithic period.Food became easier to chew at this point.The jawbone didnt have to doas much work and so didnt grow to be so large.Analyses of a language database also confirmed that there was a global change in the soundof world languages after the Neolithic age,with the use of“f”and“v”increasing remarkablyduring the last few thousand years.These sounds are still not found in the languages of manyhunter-gatherer people today.This research overturns the popular view that all human speech sounds were present whenhuman beings evolved around 300,000 years ago.”The set of speech sounds we use has notnecessarily remained stable since the appearance of human beings,but rather the huge variety ofspeech sounds that we find today is the product of a complex interplay of things like biologicalchange and cultural evolution,“said Steven Moran,a member of the research team.12.Which aspect of the human speech sound does Damin Blasis research focus on?A.Its variety.B.Its distribution.C.Its quantity.D.Itsdevelopment.13.Why was it difficult for ancient human adults to produce labiodentals?A.They had fewer upper teeth than lower teeth.B.They could not open and close their lips easily.C.Their jaws were not conveniently structured.D.Their lower front teeth were not large enough.14.What is paragraph 5 mainly about?A.Supporting evidence for the research results.B.Potential application of the research findings.C.Afurther explanation of the research methods.D.Areasonable doubt about the research process.15.What does Steven Moran say about the set of human speech sounds?A.It is key to effective communication.B.It contributes much to culturaldiversity.C.It is a complex and dynamic system.D.It drives the evolution of humanbeings.【答案】12.D13.C14.A15.C【解析】【导语】本篇是一篇说明文。主要介绍因为饮食的改变导致了现在在世界上一半的语言中发现了新的语音。【12 题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第一段中的“More than 30 years ago,the scholar Charles Hockett notedthat speech sounds called labiodentals,such as“f”and v,were more common in the languagesof societies that ate softer foods.Now a team of researchers led by Damian Blasi at the Universityof Zurich,Switzerland,has found how and why this trend arose.（30 多年前，学者 Charles Hockett注意到，被称为唇齿音的语音，如“f”和“v”，在吃软食物的社会的语言中更常见。现在，瑞士苏黎世大学的 Damian Blasi 领导的一组研究人员发现了这一趋势产生的方式和原因。）”可知 Damian Blasi 的研究重点是在语言的演变上。故选 D 项。【13 题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中的“They discovered that the upper and lower front teeth of ancienthuman adults were aligned，making it hard to produce labiodentals，which are formed by touchingthe lower lip to the upper teeth.Later,our jaws changed to an overbite structure,making it easierto produce such sounds.（他们发现，古人类的上门牙和下门牙是对齐的，因此很难产生唇齿音，唇齿音是通过下唇接触上牙齿而形成的。后来，我们的下颚变成了覆盖咬合结构，更容易发出这样的声音）”可知，因为古代成年人的下颚结构使他们很难发出唇齿音。故选 C 项。【14 题详解】主旨大意题。根据第五段中的“Analyses of a language database also confirmed that there was aglobal change in the sound of world languages after the so Neolithic age,with the use of“f”and“v”increasing remarkably during the last few thousand years.These sounds are still not found inthe languages of many hunter-gatherer