2022年新高考I卷阅读理解A篇B篇2022年高考英语真题深度解析与变式训练解析版.pdf

专 题12 2022年新高考I卷阅读理解A篇+B篇 一2022年高考英语真题深度解析与变式训练解析版教育部教育考试院：2022年英语新高考I卷试题评析（摘要）2022年高考英语落实立德树人根本任务，依据高校人才选拔要求和普通高中英语课程标准，坚 持“方向是核心，平稳是关键”的原则，结合中学英语教学和复习备考实际，深化基础性，考查关键能力，进一步品强对学生德智体美劳全面发展的引导，加强教考衔接，服 务“双减”工作，发挥高考的育人功能和积极导向作用。考蛰学科关键能力，服务落实 双减 政策2.1 深化基础，注重能力，引导教学减量提质英语试卷对接高中英语课程标准要求，强化对基础语言知识和文化知识的理解和掌握，注重考查考生在牢固掌握语言知识基础上的综合语言运用能力，引导中学英语教学重视学生语言能力的提高。英语科试卷在真实、地道的英语语境中考查基础语言知识和文化知识，使用的题型有完形填空、语法填空和短文改错等。这些题型要求考生在正确理解语篇主旨大意的基础上，关注具体语境中不同词语、句子与整个篇章结构之间的联系，考查考生对英语词法、句法以及语篇知识的掌握运用情况。阅读题重视对文本精细阅读的考查，尤其强调对语篇关键信息的理解和推断能力深化基础性考查旨在引导中学教学依据课程标准，帮助学生掌握语音、词汇、语法、语篇和语用等基础语言知识，同时引导学生学会在不同的语境中理解语篇所表达的主题意义，建构结构化知识，内化所学语言知识和文化知识，具备一定的语言意识和英语语感。英语科试卷注重关键能力考查，尤其强化对阅读理解和书面表达等关键能力的考查。阅读题设置考查作者观点或态度、语篇主旨要义等高阶思维能力的试题，要求考生运用批判性思维和辩证思维深入思考文章主题和思想内涵，根据语篇内容进行逻辑推理并通过归纳和概括作答，对考生的语言运用能力提出很高要求.注重关键能力考查旨在引导学生通过听、说、读、看、写等英语学习方式和实践活动，灵活运用所学语言知识，提高英语语言综合运用能力。关键词2022年新高考I卷卷真题变式大题库语篇解读Grading Policies,Essays,Group Assignments主旨概要本文是一篇应用文，介绍了“文学入门”课程的评分规则，主要从该课程成绩所包含的三项考核内容展开介绍。语言知识重难点词introduction n 入门课程，入门导论；scale n 课标外词（用于计量数量、速度、质量等的）标准，级别；grade n（学校的）成绩，评分等级；assignment n 派生词（分配的）任务，作业；submit v 学术词提交，呈递；assign v 学术词 一词多义确 定（时间、地点等）；workn（尤指为某一目的进行的）学 习，研究；draw v 熟词生义获取，得到；additionally adv 句子副词除此之外，此外（in addition）；assign v 学术词 一词多义布置，指派（工作、任务等）;grade v 名词动化给评 分/分等级；due date n 独立词条到期日，截止日；period n 熟词生义学时，课时；excuse v 熟词生义准许离开，请求准予离开，（离开前）请求原谅；rewrite v 派生词重写，改写重点词块Introduction to Literature 文学入门；Grading Scale 评 分 标 准;Group Assignments 小组作业；theassigned date 指定的日期；In-Class Writings 课堂写作；vary from day to day 每天不同;assignedreadings指定的阅读材料；previous classlecture上节课的讲座；from time to tim e不时地，偶尔；Late Work 逾期作业；letter grade 字母等级，分数；turn in 上交；as a result of 因为，由于；an excusedabsence被准许缺课,请假;final grade期末成绩;be made up o f 由.构成长难句分析长难句分析Class activities will vary from day to day,but students must be ready to complete short in-class writings ortests drawn directly from assigned readings or notes from the previous class lecture/discussion,so it isimportant to take careful notes during class.句意为：课堂活动每天都会有所不同，但学生必须做好准备，完成简短的课堂写作或测试，这些内容直接来自指定的阅读材料或上节课的讲座/讨论笔记，因此在课堂上认真记笔记很重要。drawndirectly from 为分词短语作后置定语，修 饰 writings or testsoAn essay not submitted in class on the due date will lose a letter grade for each class period it is late.句意为：没有按期在课堂上提交论文，每迟交一节课，分数就降一个等级。not submitted in class为分词短语作后置定语。it is late为省略关系词w hen的定语从句，修饰先行词each class periodo此用法在口语中较为常见。【原卷21-23题】关键词学校课程文学作品竞赛项目推断文章出处阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C 和 D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。Grading Policies for Introduction to LiteratureGrading Scale90-100,A;80-89,B;70-79,C;60-69,D;Below 60,E.Essays(60%)Your four major essays will combine to form the main part of the grade for this course:Essay 1 =10%;Essay 2=15%;Essay 3=15%;Essay 4=20%.Group Assignments(30%)Students will work in groups to complete four assignments(作业)during the course.All the assignments will besubmitted by the assigned date through Blackboard our online learning and course management system.Daily Work/In-Class Writings and Tests/Group Work/Homework(10%)Class activities will vary from day to day,but students must be ready to complete short in-class writings or tests drawndirectly from assigned readings or notes from the previous class*lecture/discussion,so it is important to take careful notesduring class.Additionally,from time to time I will assign group work to be completed in class or short assignments to becompleted at home,both of which will be graded.Late WorkAn essay not submitted in class on the due date will lose a letter grade for each class period it is late.If it is not turnedin by the 4th day after the due date,it will earn a zero.Daily assignments not completed during class will get a zero.Shortwritings missed as a result of an excused absence will be accepted.21.Where is this text probably taken from?A.A textbook.B.An exam paper.C.A course plan.D.An academic article.22.How many parts is a students final grade made up of?A.Two.B.Three.C.Four.D.Five.23.What will happen if you submit an essay one week after the due date?A.You will receive a zero.B.You will lose a letter grade.C.You will be given a test.D.You will have to rewrite it.【答案】21.C22.B23.A【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了文学概论课程评分办法。21.推理判断题。根据文章标题Grading Policies for Introduction to Literature(文学概论课程评分办法)“和Essays(60%)部 分 Your four major essays will combine to form the main part of the grade of for this course(你的四篇主要文章将构成本课程评分的主要部分)”可知，文章介绍了文学概论课程评分办法，可得出本文是出自一个课程计划。故选C 项。22.细节理解题。根据黑体小标题 uEssays(60%)、Group Assignments(30%)”和 Daily Work/In-ClassWritings and Tests/Groups Work/Homework(10%)”可知，学生的最终成绩由3 部分组成。故选B 项。23.推理判断题。根 据 Late Work”部 分 If it is not turned in by the 4th day after the due date,it will earn a zero.（如果没有在截止日期后的第4 天上交,将会得到零分）”可知，如果在截止日期后一周才交文章，你将会得零分。故选A 项。_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _应用文解题指导_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _应用文是最贴近日常生活的文体，它包括说明性应用文，如广告、启事、海报、守则、公告、指南、个人简历、备忘录、摘要等和叙述性应用文，如书信、日记、便条、报告、请帖等。英 语 考试说明对“读”的能力要求之一是：要求考生读懂一般性话题的简短文字材料，例如公告、说明、广告以及书、报、杂志中的简短文章并能识别不同文体的特征。研读近年全国各地的高考试题可以看出，应用文是高考阅读理解命题的重要体裁之一和基础得分题型。题型特点1.材料特点：综观近几年的高考英语阅读理解题，其中应用类阅读题内容主要涉及的是与人们生活息息相关的信息，如产品宣传、服务介绍、招生招聘等。2.形式特点：做广告的主要目的就是要让受众了解并记住广告的内容，并为广告上所刊登的内容（产品或服务等）买单。为了达到这一目的，人们在设计广告时往往会做到：标题醒目，重点突出，条理清楚。3.用词特点：广告类阅读材料的用词有 三多 特点：一是人名、地名、专有名词多；二是生词多；三是缩略词、省略句多。4.命题特点：广告类阅读是近几年高考英语阅读理解最常考的题材.，在阅读理解的选材中占有很大的比重。命题者的目的是要考查考生提取信息和处理信息的能力，所以命题的题型多是以获取信息为主的细节理解题。5.命题趋势（1）考点趋势：对语篇领悟能力的检测仍是高考的重点和基本点，同时还需关注对主旨大意题和文章结构题的考查。（2）理解层次趋势：表层意义理解题减少，深层含义理解题增多。考查难度有所增加，由简单寻找信息向多层次细节推理的趋势比较明显。（3）信息量和词汇量：阅读理解材料信息浓缩，词汇总量减少，但对词汇量的考查在加大，非考纲词汇有所增加（主要为词根加上前、后缀或有词义转化的词）。旨在引导学生掌握词汇的合成、派生和转化，让考生能通过上下文或构词法来理解词汇的含义。考试说明中 根据上下文推断单词和短语的含义 这一新要求预示对能力要求有所提高。（4）句子的难度：长句增多，句子难度加大。复合句、省略句、倒装句和插入语等语言现象普遍。（5）体裁和题材：继续体现体裁和题材多样化，并彰显英语国家语言与文化特点，强化文化意识的渗透。题材涉猎广泛，体 现 语言是文化的载体 这一理念。解题策略1.先题后文先读试题，了解试题考点：明确目的，快速捕捉，获取信息。2.原文定位根据题干关键词到文中定位答案范围，按照题目顺序依次而下：问题与材料相同一对号入座；问题与原文相同一同义替换、归纳事实等。3.淡化生词遇到人名、地名、专有名词等；如与答题无关，直接跳过；涉及答题，则根据语境、构词法等猜词。应用文变式训练21-23-1【基础】SEA Summer High School Programs 2022Science at SEAScience at SEA is a four-week program for rising high school juniors and seniors,as well as recent high schoolgraduates,which focuses on the coastal and offshore marine environment around Cape Cod,Massachusetts.The programincludes a shore component on the SEA campus in Woods Hole and a sea component aboard the Sailing SchoolVessel(SSV)Corwith Cramer.July 21一August 13 Expense:$4,000SEA QuestSEA Quest is a two-week program that welcomes high school students and recent graduates.Participants will gainhands-on experience conducting field research,sailing at all ship,and understanding of the complexities of creating andmanaging marine reserves.They return home with a broader sense of the oceans importance to our planet and the need topreserve this precious resource for future generations.Life here is fast-paced.No prior sailing experience is necessary.Strong desire to learn is required!July 11 July 22 Expense:$3,200SEA CapeThis three-week summer program at SEA offers current high school students the opportunity to study the marineenvironment from a variety of perspectives:scientific,historical,and literary.Participants live and study at our campus inWoods Hole,Massachusetts.June 27 July 14 Expense:$3 800SEA ExpeditionThis two-week summer program for high school students,including graduating seniors,is centered on learning bydoing.SEA Expedition is a multidisciplinary experience that welcomes students to participate in every aspect of achallenging offshore sailing and oceanographic expedition,and occurs entirely aboard the SSV Corwith Cramer.Life atsea is fast-paced and tough.July 5July 17 Expense:$3,50021.Which program lasts the longest?A.Science at SEA.B.SEA Quest.22.What is necessary for participants in SEA Quest?A.Previous experience in sailing.C.Ability to conduct scientific experiments.23.What is special about SEA Expedition?A.It offers opportunities of sailing.C.It features many relaxing activities.C.SEA C叩e.D.SEA Expedition.B.Great eagerness to study the sea.D.Knowledge of sea resources preservation.B.It entirely takes place on a ship.D.It allows graduates to participate in.【语篇解读】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四个2022年 SEA夏季高中项目。21.A。【解析】细节理解题。根据Science at SEA部分中“July 21August 13（7 月 2 1 日至8 月 1 3 日）；SEA Quest部分中“July 11July 22（7 月 11 日至 7 月 22 日）“；SEA Cape 部分中“June 27 July 14（6 月 27 日至 7 月 14日）”以及SEA Expedition部分中“July 5July 17（7 月 5 日至7 月 1 7 日）”可知，Science at SEA持续时间最长。故选A。22.B。【解析】细节理解题。根据SEA Quest部分中“Strong desire to learn is required!（需要有强烈的学习欲望）”可知，参加SEA任务需要非常渴望研究海洋。故 选 B。23.B o【解析】细节理解题。根据最后一段 中“SEA Expedition is a multidisciplinary experience that welcomesstudents to participate in every aspect of a challenging offshore sailing and oceanographic expedition,and occursentirely aboard the SSV Corwith Cramer.Life at sea is fast-paced and tough.（SEA 探险是一个多学科的体验，欢迎学生参与一个具有挑战性的近海航行和海洋探险的每一个方面，并完全发生在SSV Corwith Cramer上。海上的生活节奏快而艰苦）”可知，SEA Expedition的特别之处是它完全发生在船上的。故选B。21-23-2【基础】Do you know an outstanding educator?Nominate（提名）them today!Prizes up to$250 are available.The winingessays will be published in our magazine!Just follow these simple steps to nominate your educator:First create or log into your Teen Ink account and fill out a form.Then select Submit Form and youre done!Youmust submit before May 11,2022 and the winners will be announced on May 31,2022.Overall winner:Educator$250 Amazon gift card&Certificate&Copy of essayCategory winner:Educator$100 Amazon gift card&Certificate&Copy of essayOverall winner:Nominator$50 Amazon gift card&Published in Teen Ink magazineCategory winner:Nominator$25 Amazon gift card&Published in Teen Ink magazineDetailsAll submissions to the form will be uploaded to your account on our website and published online.Remember our activity is designed for only middle school junior high or high school educators.You must be age13-19 to have the right to nominate someone.Your essay must be typed uploaded and shouldnt include any inappropriatecontent.At the same time,the nominator must have a Teen Ink account and is required to complete the nomination form.Nomination category must be selected.All nominations will be considered for the overall winner regardless ofcategory.And there are such categories as math,science,English,history/social studies,creative arts and school support.Before writing the essay,see our general submission guidelines for more essay information and remember to giveexamples with specific details and that the essay must be around 500 words.21.What is a requirement to participate in this activity?A.Having a Teen Ink account.B.Creating an application form.C.Being a middle school student.D.Subscribing to the magazine.22.Who may have the chance to get the prize worth$250?A.An art student.B.A PE professor.23.What is mentioned about the activity?A.The nationality of the participant.C.The style of the essay.C.A history teacher.D.A social volunteer.B.Judge numbers.D.The word limit of the essay.21.A 22.C 23.D【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要讲的是提名杰出的教育家的步骤、奖项设置和一些细节。21.细节理解题。根据第三段的“First create or log into your Teen Ink account and fill out a form.（首先创建或登录到你的Teen Ink帐户，并填写一张表格）”可知，参加这项活动要求拥有一个Teen Ink账户。故选A。22.推理判断题。根据倒数第三段的“Remember our activity is designed for only middle school junior high orhigh school educator4记住，我们的活动是专为初中或高中的教育工作者设计的）”，倒 数 第 二 段 的“Allnominations will be considered for the overall winner regardless of category.And there are such categories asmath,science,English,history/social studies,creative arts and school support 所有提名将被考虑为整体获胜者，无论类别。还有数学、科学、英语、历史/社会研究、创意艺术和学校支持等类别）”和 Overall winner:Educator部分的“$250 Amazon gift card&Certificate&Copy of essay（250美元的亚马逊礼品卡、证书和论文副本）”可知，一个历史老师有机会获得价值250美元的奖金。故选C。23.细节理解题。根据最后一段的“the essay must be around 500 words（论文必须在500字左右）”可知，关于活动，文中提到了文章的字数限制。故选D。21-23-3【巩固】As we close out the final days of this year,treat yourself to a deliciously distracting new book-a book that you candip into and out of throughout the holidays.Read up,rest up,and enjoy yourself.Yoga for Pregnancy,Birth and beyondA must-have guide for yoga-loving mamas,Yoga for Pregnancy,Birth and Beyond offers helpful relaxationtechniques and breathing exercises that are tailored to each pregnant（怀孕的）woman.The book also lays out valuabletechniques for labor and staying in touch with your body as it continuously changes.Mindfulness Activities for KidsWe could all use a little more peace in our lives.Uniquely suited for children and parents to do together,the 40mindfulness exercises recommended here-from pausing to fully enjoy a tasty sandwich to taking chalk walk together 一will not only teach children calm and gratitude,but also bring grown-ups and their littles closer together.Before She DisappearedFrankie Elkin is a recovering alcoholic who devotes her time to solving cold cases,especially those involving peopleof color.A new investigation brings her to Boston,searching for a Haitian teenager who disappeared months ago.But asFrankie starts asking questions,someone else will stop at nothing to keep the answers hidden.Oak FlatLauren Redniss*Oak Flat tells the story of the land near the San Carlos Apache Reservation through an Apache familyfighting to protect the land,which the U.S.government and two world-power mining enterprises are attempting to seizeand destroy for its copper resources.Visually striking and deeply reported,Oak Flat tells a larger story of endless westwardexpansion and native resistance.21.Which book can help to improve family relations?A.Ybga for Pregnancy,Birth and Beyond.B.Mindfulness Activities for Kids.-C.Before She Disappeared.D.Oak Flat.22.What do we know about the book Oak Flat?A.It centers on an Apache family*s struggle.B.Its a brief account of mining enterprises.C.It sings high praise of the US government.-D.It supports westward expansion and native resistance.23.Who are the target readers of the four books?A.Women.B.Teenagers.C.Grown-ups.D.Pupils.【答案】21.B 22.A 23.C【分析】本文是说明文。文章介绍了四本假期阅读的新书。21.推理判断题。根据 Mindfulness Activities for Kids 部 分 的“We could all use a little more peace in our lives.Uniquely suited for children and parents to do together,the 40 mindfulness exercises recommended here-frompausing to fully enjoy a tasty sandwich to taking chalk walk together-will not only teach children calm andgratitude,but also bring grown-ups and their tittles closer together.（我们都可以在生活中多一点和平。这里推荐的4 0 个正念练习特别适合孩子和父母一起做从暂停到充分享受美味的三明治到一起散步一一不仅会让孩子们冷静和感激，而且能让成年人和他们的小孩子更亲密地在一起）”可知，这本书可以有助于改善家庭关系，故选B 项。22.细节理解题。根据最后一段的 u Lauren Redniss Oak Flat tells the story of the land near the San Carlos ApacheReservation through an Apache family fighting to protect the land,which the U.S.government and twoworld-power mining enterprises are attempting to seize and destroy for its copper resources.（劳伦雷德尼斯的橡树公寓讲述了圣卡洛斯阿帕奇保留地附近的土地的故事，一个阿帕奇家族为保护这片土地而斗争，美国政府和两家世界电力矿业企业正试图夺取和摧毁这块土地，以获取其铜资源）”可知，Oak Flat这部书的故事集中在一个阿帕奇家族的斗争上。故选A 项。23.推理判断题。根据第一段内容“As we close out the final days of this year,treat yourself to a deliciouslydistracting new book a book that you can dip into and out of throughout the holidays.Read up,rest up,andenjoy yourself.（当我们结束今年最后几天的时候，犒劳自己一本令人愉快地的消遣新书-本你可以在整个假期深入浏览和翻阅的书。阅读，休息，好好玩玩）”并对比选项可推断，文章是写给成年人的。