21世纪大学英语读写教程第二册相关答案.docx

第一单元UNIT1翻译TEXT A温斯顿?丘吉尔一一他的另一种生活 玛丽?索姆斯我的父亲温斯顿?丘吉尔是在40几岁起先痴迷上绘画的，当时他正 身处逆境。1915年，作为海军大臣，他深深地卷入了达达尼尔海峡的一 场战役。原本那次战役是能够缩短一场血腥的世界大战的，但它却失败 了，人员伤亡惨重，为此丘吉尔作为公务员和个人都付出了代价：他被 免去了海军部的职务，失去了显赫的政治地位。“我本以为他会因哀痛而死的。”他的妻子克莱门泰因说。被这一不幸压垮的他同家人一起退隐到萨里郡的一个乡间居处耘锄农场。在那 儿，正如丘吉尔日后所回忆的，“绘画女神挽救了我!”一天他正在花园里闲逛，正好碰上他的弟妹在用水彩画素描。他观看了她几分钟,然后借过她的画笔，试了一下身手于是缪斯女神施展了她的魔法。自那天以后，温斯顿便爱上了绘画。任何能让沉醉在忧思中的温斯顿分心的事情都让克莱门泰因兴奋。 于是，她抓紧去买来她所能找到的各种颜料和画具。水彩颜料、油画颜 料、纸张、帆布画布很快耘锄农场里便堆满了一个绘画者可能想要或 须要的各样东西。画油画最终成了温斯顿的一大爱好但是最初几步却稀奇地艰难。他凝视着他的第一块空白画布，异乎寻常地惊惶。他日后回忆道：“我迟 疑不决地选了一管蓝色颜料，然后当心翼翼地在雪白的底子上的画上蚕 豆般大小的一笔。就在这时，我听到车道上传来一辆汽车的声音，于是 惊恐地丢下我的画笔。当我看清是谁从汽车里走出来时，更是惊惶失措。11. committed to; devoted to, dedicated to12. make it to; arrive at or on after much effortV.1. sense of guilt 2. finally 3. imbued her with 4.offspring5. horrified, motivated me 6. recommendations, To start with 7. naive8. by contrastWord BuildingVI.1. misplaced2. mismatched3. misusing4. mislead5. misprinted6. misinformed7. misspelled8. misunderstoodStructureVIL1. After the earthquake the government spent millions of dollars to help the victims rebuild their houses.2. ill you reconsider your decision? No one wants you to leave.3. Some of Lu Xun's writings were lost fbr decades, but they were rediscovered in the mid-80s.4.1 see no need to restate the policy on late homework.5. The library's been rearranged, and I can't find any of the books I need.6.1 hope this dictionary will be reprinted soon一I'd like to buy one.7. Stevie Wonder's earliest albums have been unavailable for several years, but they're being re-released next month.1.1 didn't care much for the book the first time, but I enjoyed it when I reread it.9. John Harding is best known for reinterpreting Shakespeare's plays.10. You've misunderstood me一let me rephrase what I said.A. gardener calculator receiver container commander remainder hike inspector steamer processor supervise builder contributor consumer paint teenagerB. l.superviser 2. inspector 3. remainder 4. processor 5. gardener6. calculator 7. commander 8. container 9. hiking 10. teenagers Structure1. It was for the benefit of the old people in the neighborhood that we organized this volunteer group.2. It is only when we look back that we realize how far we have come.3. It is his secretary who does all the work.4. It is through the act of giving that we experience our fullest strength and power.5. It was gold that led them to undertake the long and risky journey to California.6. As I recall, it was you who suggested this idea in the first place.7. It wasn't until last week that they finished their report on the project.8. It's her beautiful eyes that I can't forget.1. The elephant weighs about 3,600 kg, whereas the blue whale weighs up to 130, 000 kg.2. The word 'youngsterhas a cheerful connotation, whereas "offspring9 sounds rather clinical.3. Confucianism emphasizes family ties, whereas Protestantism teaches individual responsibility.4. The earliest mammals appeared on the earth hundred millions years ago, whereas the first evidence of humans dates from only about one million year ago.5. The aim of the natural science is to predict and control natural process, whereas the aim of the social science is to understand human behavior.6. He must be about sixty, whereas his wife looks about thirty. TranslationXL儒教也为亚洲人的成功供应了另一个要素。在孔夫子的哲学中，家庭起着 最重要的作用-这种定向引导人们为家庭的荣誉而学习工作，而不仅仅 是为了他们自己。一个人恒久无法报答他的父母，而且在亚洲人中间还有 一种责任感、乃至负罪感，这是一种如同新教哲学在西方一样的强大力气。 XIL9. Female students constitute the majority of our class. By contrast, their class is made up of males only.10. American children can usually watch TV three hours a day, whereas their Chinese counterparts have to work on their homework during most their after-school time.11. His development of a series of new research methods led to his huge success. He said he owed all this to his parents' encouragement.12. He resented being excluded from discussions that directly concerned his future.13. The fact that these problems are continually showing up suggests that this new device has to be readjusted.14. As one of the many Asian students who have surged into the best American universities in recent years, Zhang Hua says that many of his ideas are based on traditional Chinese philosophy.15. To start with, it is not merely money that makes Mr. Young work so hard. He is committed to educating the young and tires to motivate them to get ahead in life.16. As time was running out, we drove even faster in the hope that we could make it to the airport in time.ClozeXIII1. immigrant 2. than 3. obligation 4. motivated 5. widespread6. however 7. although 8. discrimination 9. but/although 10. One day11. guilty 12. horrified 13. repay 14. oweReading AnalysisXII .Stevenson offered three recommendations:To start with, we need higher standards for our kids second, American parents need to become more committed to their children's education. And third, our school could be reorganized in simple but effective ways.Structured WritingXIII One example, for referenceStudents at our university admire their English teachers for three main reasons. To start with, the teachers5 hard work and dedication are highly inspiring to us.Second, the wonderfully creative lessons they prepare strongly motivate us to study as hard as we should. And third, our teachers5 warmly human characters create bonds of friendship that will last forever.第三单元翻译UNIT3TEXT A一个文化翻译的故事西方和日本公司的合资企业经常会发生冲突-许多无关紧要的琐事 会扩大为心情激烈的交战，各方不停地叫嚷：“他们是怎么了!?他们能不 能理解?!”但是因为冲突主要是由文化差异引起的，所以没有一方 能够理解-除非他们有一名“文化翻译”。我遇到的第一位文化翻译是一位设备安装工程师，名叫乔治，他在一家我担当国际业务部主任的美国公司里工作。这家公司刚同一家日本 商社开办了一家合资企业，美方管理部门须要有人在它的独绝技术方面 培训日本雇员。乔治对设备及其安装和运用的透彻了解使他成为最能胜 任这项工作的雇员，所以当乔治接受了短暂调往日本的一份两年期合同 时，大家都很兴奋。从一起先，乔治就被全部的日本雇员欣然接受。日方经理通常不信任任何被派去代表美方业主的人，但乔治生性随和，没有人把他看作是 对自己职业的一种威逼。所以他们宠爱就广泛的各类问题征求他的看法, 包括大洋彼岸他们的合作伙伴的怪异行为。公司上下的工程师们都珍视 乔治的专业学问和他友好而技能娴熟的帮助，他们已养成了 一有问题一 任何问题，就找他帮忙的习惯。办公室里的秘书们都热衷于帮助这个讨 人宠爱的单身汉学习日语。谁也没有料到那么快公司就成了一家赢利、兴盛、日益壮大的企业。乔治的第一份两年期合同到期了。这时，他已经能讲很好的日语，并养 成了一些日本人的习惯。他成天喝绿茶，顿顿吃米饭，甚至学会了正确 地坐榻榻米。所以，当公司向乔治提出在日本的其次份两年期合同的建 议时，他立刻就接受了。之后又有第三份合同，乔治与日本文化的情缘 在接着着。但是当乔治在这个国家的第6个年头即将结束时，一个未曾料到的 困难变得自不待言了：日本工程师对快速更新的技术的了解已经超过了 乔治。他没有什么剩下的东西可以教他们了。莫非这就是可怜的乔治的结局吗？他对于这家他曾经如此忠诚地服 务过的、现已成熟的合资企业，就再也没有什么可以贡献的了吗？他只 得离开他已起先爱上的这个国家吗？不！面对着要离开日本的威逼，乔治 心有不甘，于是将自己重新塑造成了 一名“文化翻译”。一天，这家合资企业的日方总裁一又一次一被来自美方管理层的一 份电文激怒了，乔治就是在那一天产生了做一名“文化翻译”这一想法 的。像通常遇到类似的状况时一样，日方总裁冲进乔治的办公室，怒气 冲天地将那份电文扔到了他面前。乔治也同平常一样，读了电文，然后 心平气和地说明白美国人这样说的真正意思，而不是在日本文化背景下 听上去的那种意思。对大家来说都很幸运的是，合资企业的日方和美方都已经听说过足 够多的有关文化冲突的骇人故事，他们能够相识到乔治的技能的价值， 所以当他为自己提出这个新的职位时，这个想法很快便被接受了。在这 几年中，这一确定的英明一次又一次地得到了证明。有时我们须要比娴熟的英语远为重要的东西。当日方会计师不得不 说明花在874份十二月假日礼物上的46,534美元时，就是这么一种状况。 或者当日方人事经理不得不说明即使公司不再须要一个化学师的专业学 问仍要接着聘用他的理由时也是如此。在诸如此类的状况下，人人都求 助于乔治。他用各种方法让他们的电文使美国人听上去至少有一部分道理。当 有些事连乔治也无法“译”成美国式的含义时，他会写道：“这听上去很 荒唐，但你们无论如何也应当同意。”反之亦然。当美方经理们访问日本时，乔治便到处陪着我们，以确保我们不会做出或说出任何在日本人看来特殊愚蠢的事或话来。一旦我 们做了蠢事，说了蠢话，他立即就来解救：“他们真正的意思是 多亏乔治有方法在小冲突激化、心情化、造成巨大损失之前就将其化解, 公司从未出现过成堆的麻烦。自把那家公司交到能干的乔治手中以来，我已经在国际业务方面为 许多公司出谋划策。我的第一条建议总是相同的：不要担忧语言问题 你首先须要的是一名文化翻译。方面为许多公司出谋划策。我的第一条 建议总是相同的：不要担忧语言问题你首先须要的是一名文化翻译。 Text comprehensionIL1. The author is talking about cultural differences: different ways of doing things in different cultures; different attitudes, traditions, beliefs, etc. she or he says neither side can understand because people are not usually conscious of their deepest cultural attitudes.2. The American company George worked for started a joint venture with a Japanese firm, and they needed someone to train the Japanese engineers. George was the most highly qualified employee for the position, and he accepted a two-year contract for temporary transfer to Japan.3. The Japanese liked George's nonassertive nature, his expertise and his willingness to help; it's also implied that they liked his efforts to learn Japanese, and that the secretaries liked the fact that he was single. These qualities contributed to his becoming a cultural translator by making the Japanese trust him, feel comfortable with him, and grow accustomed to asking him for all kinds of advice.4. He had to "reinvent5 himself because his expertise as an engineer was no longer needed, but he didn't want to leave Japan. The company accepted his "reinvention5 because they had heard lots of horror stories about cultural conflicts and recognized the value of having someone like George around.5. The author means that the misunderstandings were not always merely linguistic.6. The examples imply that there is a strong group orientation in Japanese business, that sentiment can be as important as profit and efficiency, and that employees may be valued for something other than their material contribution to the company. The fact that these examples mystified the US side implies that in American business relations, profit and efficiency are considered more important than sentiment, and that Americans expect logical explanations for decisions, expenditures, etc.7. Because the words and actions of the American visitors could be misinterpreted by the Japanese: things that could seem crazy or rude to the Japanese are normal to Americans.8. Because the author believes that language problems are not a serious barrier, compared with cultural differences.Vocabulary1. surpassed 2. approved 3. ensure 4. thriving 5.escalated6. qualified 7. represent 8. apparent 9. justify 10. conflicts1. go along with 2. from the farmers9 viewpoint 3. multitudes of4. run into 5. come to an end 6. picked up 7. at times8. gotten into the habit of 9. smooth over 10. the other way around V.1. due to 2. thanks to 3. Due to 4. Thanks to 5. due to 6. Thanks to Word BuildingVI.Interchangeable: that can be used in place of each otherInterface: a place or area where different things meet and have an effect on each otherIntercontinental: between continentsIntersection: a joint where two roads or lines crossInterdisciplinary: involving two or more disciplinesInterview: an occasion when a person is asked questions by one or more other people1. intercontinental 2. interface 3. intersection 4. interchangeable5. interview 6. interdisciplinaryVIL1. Almost everyone would like to have more money for nonessential goods and services just because they make life a little more pleasant.2. Mr. Peterson is the chairman of nonprofit charity organization.3. Hostility towards outsiders is characteristic of both humans and non-humans.4. Although Fm a nonsmoker, I don't support discrimination against smokers.5. It would be nonsense to say that all Asian societies are the same.6. There's a difference between using words in a nonstandard way and using them incorrectly.ClozeVIII.1. among 2. conflicts 3. made 4. understanding 5. since6. conscious of 7. so8. run into 9. with 10. crazy 11. that is12. since 13. That's is 14. escalating 15. parties Translation从一起先，乔治就被全部的日本雇员欣然接受。日方经理通常不信任任何 被派去代表美方业主的人，但乔治生性随和，没有人把他看作是对自己职 业的一种威逼。所以他们宠爱就广泛的各类问题征求他的看法，包括大洋 彼岸他们的合作伙伴的怪异行为。公司上下的工程师们都珍视乔治的专业 学问和他友好而技能娴熟的帮助，他们已养成了一有问题-任何问题， 就找他帮忙的习惯。办公室里的秘书们都热衷于帮助这个讨人宠爱的单身 汉学习日语。1. When this temporary job came to an end, George was offered a permanent job, which he accepted at once.2. To ensure that their ventures in Japan are profitable, the American companies need cultural translators even more than language translators.3. As a cultural translator, George was eager to help the Japanese employees who came to ask his advice on a great many matters, both within and outside of his field of expertise.4. Somehow or other, George persuaded the American manager to go along with the Japanese accountant's decision, thus smoothing over the conflict between the two.5. Conflicts and arguments do arise at times between the American managers and their Japanese counterparts. But since both parties have the good sense to compromise, these conflicts are prevented from escalating into big emotional battles.6. All the Japanese employees, the personnel manager included, appreciated George's frequent help with the multitude of problems they run into.7. My spoken Japanese is not good enough to express myself well. Please don't get offended if I sometimes say stupid things.8. with a solid understanding of traditional Chinese medicine and a good mastery of English, dr. Zhang is highly qualified to train foreign doctors who came to China to study Chinese medicine.Reading analysisGeneral observation: at times something far more important than good English was needed.Illustration 1: one such case was when the Japanese accountant had to explain the $ 46,534 spent of 874 December- holiday presents.Illustration 2: or there was the time when the Japanese personnel manager had to justify keeping a chemist on the payroll even though the company no longer needed his expertise.Structured writingIX. One example, for referenceWhen foreign visitors come to China for the first time they often run into embarrassing situations. One such case was when some British tourists tried to pay for what they bought at a street market with their credit cards. Or there was the time when they went shopping in small shops without bargaining at all.第四单元翻译UNIT4TEXT A化失败为成功维姬一一才貌双全、聪慧伶俐，在高校里曾被选为“最有可能成功 的人士”一毕业后在一家大公司找到一份很有前途的工作。然而，过了 两年，她非但没有得到提升，反而被解雇了。她的精神完全崩溃了。“这 真叫人害怕，”她后来告知我说，“我以前样样都那么顺当，因此对遭 受拒绝时应如何处理毫无阅历。我觉得自己是个失败者。”维姬的反应是 某种常见现象的一个极端例子。我们的社会如此推崇“成功”，以至于我们认为凡失败都是坏事。我们往往相识不到，看似失败的东西或许从长远来看大有裨益。比如, 当维姬得以冷静地思索自己被解雇的缘由时，她便相识到自己只是不适 合做老是跟人打交道的工作而已。在文字编辑这一新的岗位上，她独挡 一面，心情快乐，又一次“成功” 了。人们大多受到语言学家S?I?早川所谓的“双值定向”的影响。我们都说要看到一个问题的两个方面，好像每个问题只有两面似的。我们以 为每个人不是成功就是失败。而事实上，成功和失败都可能有极多不同 的程度。正如早川所指出的，在“我失败了三次”和“我是个失败者” 之间有着天壤之别。其实，失败和成功这两个词不能用来合理地描述一 个困难的、活生生的、不断变更的人。它们只能描述某一特定时间某一 特定地点的状况。很明显，没有哪个人能够样样事情都出类拔萃。事实上，某一方面 的成功经常会阻碍另一方面的成功。一位闻名的政治家曾告知我说他的 事业几乎毁掉了他的婚姻。“我没有时间顾及家人,”他说明说，“我经常 外出旅行。即使在家也难得与妻子儿女见面。我有权、有钱、有威望 但作为丈夫和父亲，我却是个失败者。”某些种类的成功有时候的确有毁灭性。过早成功的危害尤为严峻。我记得在我小时候有个女孩，其超群的滑冰技术表明她是“奥运人材”。当我们其余的人在玩耍、骑车、读书或悠闲地消磨时间时，这个女孩却来者正是住在旁边的闻名画家约翰?莱佛利爵士的妻子。“，在画画呢!，她大声说道。'多么好玩。可你还在等什么呢？把画笔给我一大的那支。'她猛地用笔蘸起颜料，还没等我缓过神来，她已经 挥笔泼墨在惊恐不已的画布上画下了有力的几道蓝色。谁都看得出画布 无法回击。我不再迟疑。我抓起那支最大的画笔，迅猛异样地向我可怜 的牺牲品扑了过去。自那以后，我再也不曾害怕过画布。”后来教丘吉尔画画的莱佛利曾经说起过他这位不同寻常的学生的艺 术才能：“假如他当时选择的是绘画而不是政治，他定会成为一位驾驭画 笔的大师。”在绘画中，丘吉尔发觉了一个将陪他走过大半人生的伴侣。1921年, 他的母亲去世，两个月后，他又失去了他和克莱门泰因的3岁爱女玛丽 戈尔德。那时，绘画是他的劝慰。哀思欲绝的温斯顿住到了苏格兰挚友 们的家中一并在他的绘画中寻得劝慰。他写信给克莱门泰因：“我外出画 了一条在午后阳光下的美丽的河流，背景是红色和金黄色的山峦。爱怜 的思绪油然而生啊，我始终感受到失去玛丽戈尔德的痛楚。”生命、爱和希望慢慢地复苏了。1922年9月，克莱门泰因和温斯顿 的另一个孩子诞生了：那就是我。同年，温斯顿买下了查特威尔，这是 他将在以后40年里画出其全部不同风貌的他所钟爱的家。20世纪20年头中期，我父亲在伦敦实行的一次享有盛名的业余画展 中赢得了一等奖，当时他确定颇为得意。参赛作品不署名，所以一些评 委坚持认为温斯顿的画有关查特威尔的第一批画作中的一幅是一位 专业画家而不是一位业余画家的作品，所以应当取消其参赛资格。但最 终，他们同意信任那位艺术家的恳切，而在得知那幅画为丘吉尔所作时 他们都很兴奋。史学家们始终把1929年温斯顿再次被撤职后的10年称为他无所作 为的十年。或许政治上那些年（他）的确毫无作为，因为他一个人大声 疾呼，想要唤醒英国人相识到来自希特勒的威逼，然而响应者寥寥无几。在滑冰每天放学后以及整个周末都在滑。她的照片经常出现在报纸上, 我们都很艳羡她这种充溢刺激的生活。然而，若干年后，她谈起早年那 些非凡的成功时却不无酸楚。“除了滑冰，我从来没准备做别的事情。” 她