高三上学期英语阅读理解专项练习小卷7.docx

中学英语阅读理解专练小卷（七）Barber poles are one of those symbols that everyone recognizes. The red and white stripes (条) around a pole outside a shop let everyone know that this is a good place to get a haircut.While most everyone recognizes this symbol immediately, you might not know what it actually means. As it turns out, the meanings behind the barber pole and its colors have a rather gruesome history that may just surprise you.Back in the Middle Ages, barbers did more than haircuts and shaves.Barbers also offered certain medical services, like bloodletting. Bloodletting was used to treat many diseases from the simple, like throat pain, to more dangerous illnesses like infectious disease.Surgeons often wouldnt do “simple” tasks like bloodletting as they considered it too ordinary. So barbers took over the task, along with other procedures like tooth extraction, and treatment for wounds and broken bones. In fact, barbers became known as “barber-surgeons” because of the broad range of services they offered. This continued until the mid to late 18th century, when treatments like bloodletting began to fall out of fashion.At first, barber-surgeons advertised their services to a largely illiterate (文盲的) public by placing a bowl of blood in their windows. However, later a law banned this practice, which meant that barbers needed to find another way. Then the red-and-white striped pole rapidly became the symbol of barber-surgeons afterward.According to historians, the red was meant to represent blood, while the white symbolized the bandages. The colors are wrapped around a stick because this represents the sticks that patients would hold in order to make the veins (血管) of their arms stand out. When the procedure was finished, barber-surgeons would wash the bandages, wrap them around the sticks, and place them outside to dry. In Europe, barber poles are red and white, so the blue stripe is a United States addition to represent the color of veins.So next time youre heading to the barber, remember the history behind thecolors of the pole.85What does the underlined word “gruesome” in Paragraph 2 probably mean?AEmbarrassing.BHorrible.CGlorious.DUnforgettable.86What was included in barbers services in the 17th century?ASelling beauty products.BTreating a toothache.CPerforming big operations.DProviding physical examination.87What can we know about the blue stripes around the barber pole?AThey were used to stop bleeding.BThey were designed to calm patients.CThey stood for the color of veins.DThey can be found in Europe.88What can be the best title for the passage?AWhat Is the Story behind Haircuts?BWhy Barber Poles Become Popular?CWhat Is the History of Barbers Shop?DWhy Are Barber Poles Red, White and Blue?Researchers at the University of Massachusetts Amherst (UMass Amherst) recently announced that they have figured out how to engineer a biofilm (生物膜) that harvests the energy in evaporation (蒸发) and changes it to electricity. This biofilm, which was announced in Nature Communications, has the potential to revolutionize the world of wearable electronics, powering everything from personal medical sensors to personal electronics.“This is a very exciting technology,” says Liu Xiaomeng, graduate student in electrical and computer engineering in UMass Amhersts College of Engineering and the papers lead author. “It generates real green energy, and unlike other so-called green-energy sources, its production is totally green.”Thats because this biofilm-which is a sheet of bacterial cells and as thin as a sheet of paper-is produced naturally by an, engineered version of the bacterium Geobacter sulfurreducens (硫还原地杆菌). G. sulfurreducens is known to produce electricity and has been used previously in “microbial batteries” to power electrical equipment. But such batteries require that G. sulfurreducens be properly cared for and fed a constant diet. By contrast, this new biofilm, which can supply as much energy as a comparably sized battery, works continuously, because it is dead. And because its dead, it doesnt need to be fed.The secret behind this new biofilm is that it makes energy from the moisture (水分) on your skin. Though we daily read stories about solar power, at least 50% of the solar energy reaching the earth goes toward evaporating water. “This is a huge, undiscovered source of energy,” says Yao Jun, professor of electrical and computer engineering at UMass Amherst, and the papers one senior author. Since the surface of our skin is constantly moist with sweat, the biofilm can “plug into” it and change the energy locked in evaporation into enough energy to power small equipment. “Our next step is to increase the size of our film to power more intelligent wearable electronics,” says Yao, and Liu points out that one of the goals is to power entire electronic systems, rather than single equipment.89What function is the biofilm expected to achieve?AUpdating wearable electronics.BAcquiring power from evaporation.CChanging the way of getting electricity.DSupplying energy to “microbial batteries”.90What is the advantage of the biofilm compared with “microbial batteries”?AIts thinner in thickness.BIts environmentally friendly.CIt reduces the cost in usage.DIt employs a rare energy source.91How does the biofilm power small devices?ABy interacting with solar power.BBy gaining energy from electronic systems.CBy using water to generate electricity.DBy producing continuous electricity from sweat.92Which of the following best describes the biofilm?AFlexible.BControversial.CPromising.DDelicate.AntarcticaWeatherAntarctica lies in the most southern part of the world. It is the coldest area on Earth. There isnt much rain, but there is a lot of snow and wind. The lowest temperature was on 21 July in 1983 at -89.2!PopulationNobody lives in Antarctica all the time! The first people to stay there for a while were fishermen in 1786. Now there are about 5,000 scientists and researchers there in the summer.History of exploration (探险)During 1907-1909, British explorer Earnest Shackleton explored Antarctica on foot. In 1911, two explorers a British man named Scott and a Norwegian named Amundsen raced 1,400 kilometers to the South Pole (南极). Amundsen arrived first.Animals and birdsThere arent any large animals in Antarctica. Polar bears live at the North Pole. But there are a lot of penguins and seabirds. Every spring there are over 100 million seabirds in Antarctica.93When did the lowest temperature appear in Antarctica?AIn 1786.BIn 1907.CIn 1911.DIn 1983.94Who first stayed in Antarctica for some time?AFishermen.BScientists.CResearchers.DExplorers.95Where is Earnest Shackleton from?ABritain.BNorway.CThe South Pole.DThe North Pole.A machine can now not only beat you at chess, it can also outperform you in debate. Last week, in a public debate in San Francisco, a software program called Project Debater beat its human competitors, including Noa Ovadia, Israels former national debating champion.Brilliant though it is, Project Debater has some weaknesses. It takes sentences from its library of documents and prebuilt arguments and strings them together. This can lead to the kinds of mistakes no human would make. Such mistakes will no doubt be ironed out, yet they also point to a vital problem. As Kristian Hammond, professor of electrical engineering and computer science at Northwestern University, put it: “Theres never a stage at which the system knows what its talking about.”What Hammond is referring to is the question of meaning, and meaning is central to what makes the least intelligent of humans different from the most intelligent of machines. A computer works with symbols. Its program specifies (明确规定) a set of rules to transform one string of symbols onto another. But it does not specify what those symbols mean. Indeed, to a computer, meaning is irrelevant. Humans, in thinking, talking, reading and writing, also work with symbols. But for humans, meaning is everything. When we communicate, we communicate meaning. What matters is not just the outside of a string of symbols, but the inside too, not just how they are arranged but what they mean.Meaning becomes known through a process of social interaction (相互作用), not of computation, interaction that shapes the content of the symbols in our heads. The rules that decide meaning lie not just inside our heads, but also outside, in society, in social memory, social customs and social relations. It is this that tells humans and machines apart. And thats why, however shocking Project Debater may seem, the tradition that began with Socrates and Confucius will not end with artificial intelligence.96Why does the author mention Noa Ovadia in the first paragraph?ATo explain the use of a software program.BTo show the cleverness of Project Debater.CTo introduce the designer of Project Debater.DTo emphasize the fairness of the competition.97What is Project Debater unable to do according to Hammond?ACreate rules.BTalk fluently.CUnderstand meaning.DIdentify difficult words.98What can be inferred about the future of human tradition?AIt will go against AI.BIt will be passed down.CIt will definitely disappear.DIt will be written into programs.99What can we learn from the last paragraph?ASocial interaction is key to understanding symbols.BArtificial intelligence ensures humans a bright future.CAncient philosophers set good examples for debaters.DThe human brain has more to be developed.Sitting in the classroom I felt confused, for I couldnt read the blackboard. Then Mum took me to the hospital. Within a few days, I was diagnosed (诊断) with a severe visual impairment (视力障碍). In fact, I was practically blind. Amazingly, Id managed to reach the age of 13 without anyone realizing, not even me! “It all makes sense now,” Mum said. As a kid living on a farm, I was forever falling over things. I was known as the clumsy (笨拙) one to my parents and four sisters. But now, I was being told that I saw the world differently I could only make out the outlines of things. I was given reading glasses but they didnt help much.Refusing to let my diagnosis hold me back, I continued doing everything I loved. As long as everything was in its place, I could feel my way around.Later I got married to Lance and had amazing kids. I could change nappies (尿布) and dress the kids fine it just took a little longer as I relied on touch to work out where things were. Cooking, on the other hand, was not my forte. I was terrible always mixing up sugar and salt!Nowadays, my grandkids have all been brought up not to leave toys on the floor or move chairs away from the table. “We dont want Grandma tripping,” Lance will say.Over the year, Ive enjoyed lovely family holidays, but sometimes felt like Lance or the kids were too protective of me. So I was thrilled when I booked myself on a trip to the Gold Coast with people who were just like me in a travel company. Im not missing out my life is beautiful. Im so lucky to have a wonderful family and lots of experiences.Life is precious you dont need to “see” that.120What can we know from the first paragraph?AThe reading glasses got the problem fixed.BShe always tripped because she was awkward.CShe got severe visual impairment at the age of 13.DNobody realized her sight was poor until she was 13.121What does the underlined word “forte” in Paragraph 3 mean?AWeakness.BFavourite.CStrength.DBusiness.122What can we know about the author?AShe is able to see things clearly now.BShe led a lonely and hopeless life.CShe could help care for the kids.DShe went to the Gold Coast all by herself.123What can we learn from the authors story?AWe need to go to travel frequently on our own.BWe should always turn to the family for help.CEveryone should pay special attention to the blind people.DEveryone can enjoy the beauty of life with a positive mind.Scientists in the Netherlands have trained bees to identify COVID-19 through their sense of smell, according to a press release from Wageningen University. The research was conducted on more than 150 bees in Wageningen Universitys research lab.The scientists trained the bees by giving them a treat a sugar-water solution every time they were exposed (暴露于) to the smell of samples (样本) infected with COVID-19. Each time the bees were exposed to a non-infected sample, they wouldnt get a reward. Eventually, the bees could identify an infected sample within a few seconds and would then stick out their tongues like clockwork to collect the sugar water.Bees arent the first animals to detect COVID-19 by smell. Researchers have also trained dogs to tell the difference between positive and negative COVID-19 samples from human saliva (唾液) or sweat with fairly high levels of accuracy. A German study found that dogs could identify positive COVID-19 samples 94% of the time. Thats because the coronavirus (冠状病毒) makes an infected persons body smell slightly different from those of a non-infected person. But researchers still arent sure whether animals are the best bet for smelling out COVID-19 cases outside the lab.“No one is saying they can replace a PCR machine, but they could be very promising,” Holger Volk, a neurologist, told Nature. PCR machines are what lab technicians use to process standard COVID-19 tests. At the very least, certain animals could be useful for identifying COVID-19 in places or countries in which high-tech lab equipment is not enough or inaccessible.Wageningen scientists are working on a machine that can train bees at once. Then bees can use their skills to test for coronavirus aerosols (气溶胶) in the surrounding environment.124How did the researchers teach the bees to identify COVID-19?ABy offering bees some rewards.BBy infecting bees with the virus.CBy raising bees with sugar water.DBy exposing bees to infected humans.125Why are dogs able to find out positive COVID-19 samples?AThey can watch for the hidden virus.BThey have a sharp sense of smell.CThey can feel samples inner changes.DThey react more quickly than bees.126What is the follow-up task of Wageningen scientists?ATo keep track of more bees.BTo detect coronavirus aerosols.CTo help underdeveloped countries.DTo develop a new type of machine.127What is a suitable title for the text?ADogs: Well-trained PCR machinesBBees: Promising COVID-19 detectorsCHolger Volk: A fighter against COVID-19DWageningen University: A leader in keeping bees答案：85B 86B 87C 88D【来源】河南省湘豫名校2023-2024学年高三上学期9月月考英语试题【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了理发店外面绕着杆子的红白蓝条纹标志的由来。85词义猜测题。根据第三段“Barbers also offered certain med